压电式水泵轴向力测力仪研制
|
摘要
水泵被广泛用于当代社会的各个行业中,是应用最为普遍的机械装置之一,其性能的优劣往往起到决定性作用。水泵主轴性能是评判水泵整体性能的关键,轴向力则是影响主轴性能的一个主要因素,对其进行实时监测,能够为泵叶轮、轴向力平衡装置的研发提供准确参数,为评定水泵工作状态提供可靠依据,从而有效提高水泵整体性能。
针对水泵主轴结构及其轴向力特性,研制出一种压电式水泵轴向力测力仪。采用测力仪位于泵腔内部的测力方式,通过轴承解决转子回转与测力仪相对静止的矛盾关系,实现轴向力测量。
测力仪内部采用四传感器,以菱形结构,均匀布置于同一圆周上的分布方式,做为测力核心,测力范围为：0～32000N。
运用ANSYS Workbench软件对压电式水泵轴向力测力仪结构参数进行优化,选择最佳结构参数,使测力仪具备最优性能。
设计静、动态标定装置模拟实测环境,对测力仪进行静、动态实验,实验结果显示,测力仪各项性能均达到设计要求。对测力仪进行现场测试,测试结果表明其性能良好,能够实时准确检测转子轴向力,测试性能真实可靠。
Pumps are widely used in various industries now. They are one of the most widely used mechanical devices. The performances of them often play a decisive role. The property of spindle in it is the key to judge the performance of the whole pump, meanwhile axial force is one of the main factors that affect the performance of spindle. It can provide accurate parameter for the design of spindle and the research of balance device for axial force by real-time monitoring of axial force. It can also provide a reliable basis for the assessment to pump in working state so as to effectively improve the overall performance of it.
According to the characteristics of the structure of spindle and the axial force on it, a kind of piezoelectric dynamometer applying in detecting axial force of spindle in pump is developed. Make a measurement with the dynamometer in pump. Resolve the contradictory relationship between the rotation of spindle and the relatively static of dynamometer in order to achieve the measurement.
There are four sensors in diamond-shaped distribution in the dynamometer on the same circle. Measurement range:0-320000N.
Optimize the structural parameters of dynamometer using ANS YS Workbench software, select the optimal structural parameters in order to make the dynamometer have best performance.
Set up a calibrating device to simulate the real environment of the measurement to force for static calibration and dynamic calibration. The results of experiments show that the dynamometer meet the stiffness requirements. It has good static and dynamic characteristics, high sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, the dynamometer has a good stability, that the performance has met the expected designing specifications. Make the dynamometer a field testing, the results show that it has a good performance. The dynamometer can accurately detect the rotor axial force in real time, truly and reliably.
针对水泵主轴结构及其轴向力特性,研制出一种压电式水泵轴向力测力仪。采用测力仪位于泵腔内部的测力方式,通过轴承解决转子回转与测力仪相对静止的矛盾关系,实现轴向力测量。
测力仪内部采用四传感器,以菱形结构,均匀布置于同一圆周上的分布方式,做为测力核心,测力范围为：0～32000N。
运用ANSYS Workbench软件对压电式水泵轴向力测力仪结构参数进行优化,选择最佳结构参数,使测力仪具备最优性能。
设计静、动态标定装置模拟实测环境,对测力仪进行静、动态实验,实验结果显示,测力仪各项性能均达到设计要求。对测力仪进行现场测试,测试结果表明其性能良好,能够实时准确检测转子轴向力,测试性能真实可靠。
Pumps are widely used in various industries now. They are one of the most widely used mechanical devices. The performances of them often play a decisive role. The property of spindle in it is the key to judge the performance of the whole pump, meanwhile axial force is one of the main factors that affect the performance of spindle. It can provide accurate parameter for the design of spindle and the research of balance device for axial force by real-time monitoring of axial force. It can also provide a reliable basis for the assessment to pump in working state so as to effectively improve the overall performance of it.
According to the characteristics of the structure of spindle and the axial force on it, a kind of piezoelectric dynamometer applying in detecting axial force of spindle in pump is developed. Make a measurement with the dynamometer in pump. Resolve the contradictory relationship between the rotation of spindle and the relatively static of dynamometer in order to achieve the measurement.
There are four sensors in diamond-shaped distribution in the dynamometer on the same circle. Measurement range:0-320000N.
Optimize the structural parameters of dynamometer using ANS YS Workbench software, select the optimal structural parameters in order to make the dynamometer have best performance.
Set up a calibrating device to simulate the real environment of the measurement to force for static calibration and dynamic calibration. The results of experiments show that the dynamometer meet the stiffness requirements. It has good static and dynamic characteristics, high sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, the dynamometer has a good stability, that the performance has met the expected designing specifications. Make the dynamometer a field testing, the results show that it has a good performance. The dynamometer can accurately detect the rotor axial force in real time, truly and reliably.
引文
[1]卢凤芝,倪蕾.水泵轴向力传感器的设计及应用[J].水泵技术,1995(1)：37-42.
[2]王兴华.水泵泵轴轴向力测试传感器标定研究[D].沈阳工业大学,2008.
[3]张锡义,李丽.水泵性能综合实验技术及应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2005(24)：55-57.
[4]孙宝元,杨宝清.传感器及其应用手册[M].第一版.北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[5]母红梅,张亚,张浩.航空发动机轴向力测试技术的研究[C].第八届发动机试验与测试学术讨论会,北京,2006：203-211.
[6]杨东,刘中华,马群.燃气轮机轴向力测试技术研究[J].测控技术,2004(1)：8-10.
[7]Kistler Company:Instruction Book of 9047C、9257A、5001、5007 Dynamometer (1980)
[8]卓雪,刘雪东,黄宇新,巢建伟,张晶.“多点应力法”测量多级离心泵轴向力和径向力[J].流体机械,2002(10)：8-19.
[9]张喜贺,邱俊文.杆式应变天平轴向力元件设计[C].中国空气动力学会五届四次测控会议,无锡,2008：348-353.
[10]郑相周,傅国栋,黄思,胡华峰.车床主轴回转精度测量系统的研制[J].测量与检测技术,2011(9)：77-80.
[11]邬哗佳.基于DSP的车床主轴回转误差的动态测试系统[J].制造业信息化,2009(1)：44-45.
[12]贾大伟,于文华.离心泵轴向力测试方法的研究[J].试验检测,2010(12)：130-136.
[13]代大山,宋永伦,张慧,朱轶峰.等离子电弧力的研究[J].焊接学报,2002(2)：51-54.
[14]谢瑞昌.激光跟踪仪在四辊轧机检测及修复中的运用[J].轧钢,2011(5)：67-69.
[15]邱佳俊,段文会.水轮发电机转子轴向位移与轴向电磁力[J].机械强度,2003(25)：285-289.
[16]张红星.水下环境中螺栓轴向拉力测试技术研究[J].舰船科学技术,2007(1)：102-104.
[17]孙卫平,马群南,宋立.平衡管平衡水泵轴向力设计的改进[J].机电设备,2002(2)：24-27.
[18]赵万勇,张亮,王振,荆野.多级泵平衡盘灵敏性优化设计[J].排灌机械,2008(4)：14-17.
[19]惠军朝,谢英伟.平衡鼓在矿井主排水泵中的应用[J].煤矿机械,2010(12)：164-165.
[20]汪建华,周志宏.平衡盘的优化设计[J].水泵技术,1996(5)：17-19.
[21]孙卫平,马群南,宋立.平衡鼓和平衡盘联合结构的优化设计[N].江汉石油学院学报,2000(2)：52-54.
[22]邱化青,赵芳,布存丽,张凤媛.1000MW核电站用电动辅助给水泵样机的研制开发实践[J].水泵技术,2010(3)：16-31.
[23]庞志梅,李猛,王艳蕊.百万千瓦压水堆核电站核级上冲泵样机研制概述[J].水泵技术,2010(5)：21-23.
[24]王黎,韩磊,韩清凯,张天侠,王学军,闻邦椿.高压锅炉给水泵的非平稳振动测试与分析[J].机械设计与制造,2008(4)：113-115.
[25]金建波.平衡鼓平衡轴向力方法的研究与探讨[D].浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[26]张志坤.给水泵的轴向力及其平衡[J].黑龙江电力,2001(3)：142-162.
[27]W. G. Cady. Piezoelectricity. New York:Dover Book Pub.,1964.
[28]H. J. Xiang, Z.F.Shi. Static analysis for multi-layered piezoelectric cantilevers[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,45(2008):113-128.
[29]Yijun Liu, Hui Fan. Analysis of thin piezoelectric solids by the boundary element method[J]. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech Engrg,191(2002):2297-2315.
[30]孙宝元,张贻恭.压电石英力传感器及动态切削测力仪[M].第一版.北京：计量出版社,1985.
[31]N. Fakri, L. Azrar, L. El. Bakkali. Electroelastic behavior modeling of piezoelectric composite materials containing spatially oriented reinforcements[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,40(2003):361-384.
[32]Tarun Kant, S. M. Shiyekar. Cylindrical bending of piezoelectric laminates with higher order shear and normal deformation theory[J]. Computers and Structures, 86 (2008):1594-1603.
[33]Arman Melkumyan, Yiu-Wing Mai. Electroelastic gap waves between dissimilar piezoelectric materials in different classes of symmetry [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,46(2009):3760-3770.
[34]曲国杰.压电式思维切削测力仪的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[35]张贻恭,孙宝元,罗胜初SDJ-80A三维力传感器精密标定夹具的设计[J].大连工学院学报.1981.(2)：28-83.
[36]戴恒震,孙宝元,李万全,高长银。一种多功能测力仪加载器[J].现代机械.2003(6)：45-46.
[37]张军,刘建红,钱敏.高灵敏度深小孔压电钻削测力仪的研制[J].机械设计与制造,2011(9)：82-83.
[38]刘博.超精密硅片用新型压电式三向磨削测力仪研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[39]张贻恭,孙宝元YDS-III79B, YDS-79K型石英晶体三维力传感器的设计与研制[J].大连工学院学报.1981,20(1)：1-9.
[40]陈榕林.机械设计应用手册[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1995.
[41]Senthil S.Vel, R. C. Batra. Analysis of piezoelectric bimorphs and plates with segmented actuators[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,39.(2001):23-24.
[42]钱敏,孙宝元.压电测力仪中传感器新的配置原则[C].第四届全国敏感元件与传感器学术会议,1995.
[43]彭文生,黄华梁.机械设计[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[44]陈长青,田晓耕,沈亚鹏.压电介质有限变形的增量变分方程[J].固体力学学报,1998,19(3)：227-240.
[45]孙宝元,王吉军,钱敏.压电石英晶片灵敏度分布规律及其跟踪检测[J].大连理工大学学报.1990,30(1)：59-64.
[46]L.Han, X.D.Wang, Y. Sun. The effect of bonding layer properties on the dynamic behaviour of surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,45(2008):5599-5612.
[47]M. H. Shen, F.M.Chen, S.N.Chen. Piezoelectric study on circularly cylindrical layered media[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(2006):2336-2350.
[48]张乐乐,谭南林ANSYS辅助分析应用基础教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[49]Scientific Technical Committees of CRIP-STCC. Reports of the scientific technical committees of CRIP-STCC; recommendation of calibration and operation of machined-tool dynamometer[S]. CIRP,1974,23(2):295-306.
[2]王兴华.水泵泵轴轴向力测试传感器标定研究[D].沈阳工业大学,2008.
[3]张锡义,李丽.水泵性能综合实验技术及应用[J].实验室研究与探索,2005(24)：55-57.
[4]孙宝元,杨宝清.传感器及其应用手册[M].第一版.北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[5]母红梅,张亚,张浩.航空发动机轴向力测试技术的研究[C].第八届发动机试验与测试学术讨论会,北京,2006：203-211.
[6]杨东,刘中华,马群.燃气轮机轴向力测试技术研究[J].测控技术,2004(1)：8-10.
[7]Kistler Company:Instruction Book of 9047C、9257A、5001、5007 Dynamometer (1980)
[8]卓雪,刘雪东,黄宇新,巢建伟,张晶.“多点应力法”测量多级离心泵轴向力和径向力[J].流体机械,2002(10)：8-19.
[9]张喜贺,邱俊文.杆式应变天平轴向力元件设计[C].中国空气动力学会五届四次测控会议,无锡,2008：348-353.
[10]郑相周,傅国栋,黄思,胡华峰.车床主轴回转精度测量系统的研制[J].测量与检测技术,2011(9)：77-80.
[11]邬哗佳.基于DSP的车床主轴回转误差的动态测试系统[J].制造业信息化,2009(1)：44-45.
[12]贾大伟,于文华.离心泵轴向力测试方法的研究[J].试验检测,2010(12)：130-136.
[13]代大山,宋永伦,张慧,朱轶峰.等离子电弧力的研究[J].焊接学报,2002(2)：51-54.
[14]谢瑞昌.激光跟踪仪在四辊轧机检测及修复中的运用[J].轧钢,2011(5)：67-69.
[15]邱佳俊,段文会.水轮发电机转子轴向位移与轴向电磁力[J].机械强度,2003(25)：285-289.
[16]张红星.水下环境中螺栓轴向拉力测试技术研究[J].舰船科学技术,2007(1)：102-104.
[17]孙卫平,马群南,宋立.平衡管平衡水泵轴向力设计的改进[J].机电设备,2002(2)：24-27.
[18]赵万勇,张亮,王振,荆野.多级泵平衡盘灵敏性优化设计[J].排灌机械,2008(4)：14-17.
[19]惠军朝,谢英伟.平衡鼓在矿井主排水泵中的应用[J].煤矿机械,2010(12)：164-165.
[20]汪建华,周志宏.平衡盘的优化设计[J].水泵技术,1996(5)：17-19.
[21]孙卫平,马群南,宋立.平衡鼓和平衡盘联合结构的优化设计[N].江汉石油学院学报,2000(2)：52-54.
[22]邱化青,赵芳,布存丽,张凤媛.1000MW核电站用电动辅助给水泵样机的研制开发实践[J].水泵技术,2010(3)：16-31.
[23]庞志梅,李猛,王艳蕊.百万千瓦压水堆核电站核级上冲泵样机研制概述[J].水泵技术,2010(5)：21-23.
[24]王黎,韩磊,韩清凯,张天侠,王学军,闻邦椿.高压锅炉给水泵的非平稳振动测试与分析[J].机械设计与制造,2008(4)：113-115.
[25]金建波.平衡鼓平衡轴向力方法的研究与探讨[D].浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[26]张志坤.给水泵的轴向力及其平衡[J].黑龙江电力,2001(3)：142-162.
[27]W. G. Cady. Piezoelectricity. New York:Dover Book Pub.,1964.
[28]H. J. Xiang, Z.F.Shi. Static analysis for multi-layered piezoelectric cantilevers[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,45(2008):113-128.
[29]Yijun Liu, Hui Fan. Analysis of thin piezoelectric solids by the boundary element method[J]. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech Engrg,191(2002):2297-2315.
[30]孙宝元,张贻恭.压电石英力传感器及动态切削测力仪[M].第一版.北京：计量出版社,1985.
[31]N. Fakri, L. Azrar, L. El. Bakkali. Electroelastic behavior modeling of piezoelectric composite materials containing spatially oriented reinforcements[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,40(2003):361-384.
[32]Tarun Kant, S. M. Shiyekar. Cylindrical bending of piezoelectric laminates with higher order shear and normal deformation theory[J]. Computers and Structures, 86 (2008):1594-1603.
[33]Arman Melkumyan, Yiu-Wing Mai. Electroelastic gap waves between dissimilar piezoelectric materials in different classes of symmetry [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,46(2009):3760-3770.
[34]曲国杰.压电式思维切削测力仪的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[35]张贻恭,孙宝元,罗胜初SDJ-80A三维力传感器精密标定夹具的设计[J].大连工学院学报.1981.(2)：28-83.
[36]戴恒震,孙宝元,李万全,高长银。一种多功能测力仪加载器[J].现代机械.2003(6)：45-46.
[37]张军,刘建红,钱敏.高灵敏度深小孔压电钻削测力仪的研制[J].机械设计与制造,2011(9)：82-83.
[38]刘博.超精密硅片用新型压电式三向磨削测力仪研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[39]张贻恭,孙宝元YDS-III79B, YDS-79K型石英晶体三维力传感器的设计与研制[J].大连工学院学报.1981,20(1)：1-9.
[40]陈榕林.机械设计应用手册[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1995.
[41]Senthil S.Vel, R. C. Batra. Analysis of piezoelectric bimorphs and plates with segmented actuators[J]. Thin-Walled Structures,39.(2001):23-24.
[42]钱敏,孙宝元.压电测力仪中传感器新的配置原则[C].第四届全国敏感元件与传感器学术会议,1995.
[43]彭文生,黄华梁.机械设计[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[44]陈长青,田晓耕,沈亚鹏.压电介质有限变形的增量变分方程[J].固体力学学报,1998,19(3)：227-240.
[45]孙宝元,王吉军,钱敏.压电石英晶片灵敏度分布规律及其跟踪检测[J].大连理工大学学报.1990,30(1)：59-64.
[46]L.Han, X.D.Wang, Y. Sun. The effect of bonding layer properties on the dynamic behaviour of surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,45(2008):5599-5612.
[47]M. H. Shen, F.M.Chen, S.N.Chen. Piezoelectric study on circularly cylindrical layered media[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(2006):2336-2350.
[48]张乐乐,谭南林ANSYS辅助分析应用基础教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[49]Scientific Technical Committees of CRIP-STCC. Reports of the scientific technical committees of CRIP-STCC; recommendation of calibration and operation of machined-tool dynamometer[S]. CIRP,1974,23(2):295-306.