面向飞机总体布置的协同设计关键技术研究
|
摘要
飞机总体设计阶段需要进行大量的关键性决策,决定了一架飞机大约80%的全寿命周期成本。飞机总体布置设计是飞机总体设计的重点工作,传统上飞机总体布置设计采用串行开发模式进行分工协作,多专业设计人员常常由于交流不及时、协调不充分或步调不一致等原因,导致大跨度的设计修改或重新设计。
本文将协同设计技术引入飞机总体布置工作中,为多领域专家提供同步和异步协同设计手段,使得设计人员更大范围、更大灵活度地参与到总体布置与协调工作中,达到提高设计质量、缩短研制周期和降低研制成本的目的。
本文主要研究工作如下:
1.在飞机总体布置协同设计功能需求分析基础上,提出了面向飞机总体布置的协同设计总体方案,采用Web服务/Agent的双总线集成框架,提高协同设计系统的纵向和横向集成能力,并结合工作流技术和CAD二次开发技术,为飞机总体布置提供同步/异步协同设计功能,支持多专业设计人员以“布置-协调-布置”的工作模式迭代地开展设计与协调工作。
2.针对飞机总体布置工作中飞机总体布置与协调过程和技术状态控制过程存在关联语义不明确、复杂系统分析能力弱等问题,提出了基于任务关联WBS的飞机总体布置与协调过程建模方法和基于CCMAC的飞机技术状态控制过程建模方法。为避免由于系统间存在潜在冲突带来的大跨度的设计返工或重新设计提供了技术支持,解决了协同设计任务在工作流系统中执行时产生死锁和不可达等问题。
3.提出了飞机总体布置协同设计信息协作框架,采用Web服务技术实现非实时协作信息交换,采用反应式Agent技术在CATIA环境下实现实时的协作信息传输与交换,采用可变粒度锁方法实现并发冲突避免,满足了飞机总体布置协同设计中实时和非实时的信息协作要求,提高了系统可集成性和扩展能力。
4.提出了飞机总体布置协同设计系统客户端和服务器端的实现结构,基于CATIA及其二次开发环境CAA、JBPM工作流引擎、Struts框架、Hibernate数据库访问组件等开发工具自主开发了飞机总体布置协同设计原型系统CDAGA,该系统能够完成同步浏览、同步布置、异步浏览、异步布置与协调、技术状态控制和协作任务管理等功能,并在某飞机前机身电子设备舱总体布置与协调中得到了验证。
At the airplane primary design period, massive critical decisions will be made, which decide about 80 percent total life cycle cost of an airplane. The airplane general arrangement design is a key job of the airplane primary design. Traditionally the general arrangement design was carried out in serial design mode. Due to the delay of the communication, inadequacy of coordination and inconsistent of cadence among multidisciplinary design experts, the phenomenon of large-span design changes and redesigns are caused.
CSCD technique was introduced into the airplane general arrangement. The abilities to synchronous or asynchronous collaborative design were provided to the multidisciplinary design experts to participate in the airplane general arrangement with the bigger range and flexibility. The goal to improving design quality, reducing development cost and shortening development cycle can be achieved.
The main research work includes:
1. A general scheme on the cooperative design system for airplane general arrangement was presented. It used a double-bus integration framework based on web services and agent techniques to improve the vertical and lateral integration ability. Combined With workflow techniques and CAD development techniques, the cooperative design system provided the functions for multidisciplinary design experts to synchronous/asynchronous collaborative design in the“arrange-coordinate- arrange”iteration mode.
2. To tackle the problems not having explicit semantics and powerful analysis ability of the traditional task decomposition and process modeling methods for airplane design in the cooperative development mode, an airplane general arrangement process modeling method based on task-related WBS and was presented, and a configuration control process modeling method based on Petri net was developed. Using these methods, potential conflictions among the system were avoided which will lead to the rework and redesign, and the deadlock and unreachability within the application of workflow techniques was solved.
3. An information cooperative framework for airplane general arrangement was presented. The web services techniques were adopted to support the non-real-time information exchanges. The agent techniques were adopted to support the real-time information exchanges in the CATIA environment. An alterable granularity conflict prevention lock method was adopted to obtain the collision avoidance. The information cooperative framework satisfied the multi-level requirements in airplane general arrangement, and enhanced the expansibility and integration of the cooperative design system.
4. The implementation architecture of the cooperative design system for airplane general arrangement was presented. Based on these software development tools including CATIA, CAA, JBPM, Struts and Hibernate, an airplane general arrangement and coordination software prototype CDAGA was developed, which could complete many functions, such as synchronous brows, synchronous arrangement, asynchronous arrangement and coordination and design configuration control management. The effectiveness and applicability of the CDAGA system was verified in a general arrangement application for electron cabin of some airplane forward fuselage.
本文将协同设计技术引入飞机总体布置工作中,为多领域专家提供同步和异步协同设计手段,使得设计人员更大范围、更大灵活度地参与到总体布置与协调工作中,达到提高设计质量、缩短研制周期和降低研制成本的目的。
本文主要研究工作如下:
1.在飞机总体布置协同设计功能需求分析基础上,提出了面向飞机总体布置的协同设计总体方案,采用Web服务/Agent的双总线集成框架,提高协同设计系统的纵向和横向集成能力,并结合工作流技术和CAD二次开发技术,为飞机总体布置提供同步/异步协同设计功能,支持多专业设计人员以“布置-协调-布置”的工作模式迭代地开展设计与协调工作。
2.针对飞机总体布置工作中飞机总体布置与协调过程和技术状态控制过程存在关联语义不明确、复杂系统分析能力弱等问题,提出了基于任务关联WBS的飞机总体布置与协调过程建模方法和基于CCMAC的飞机技术状态控制过程建模方法。为避免由于系统间存在潜在冲突带来的大跨度的设计返工或重新设计提供了技术支持,解决了协同设计任务在工作流系统中执行时产生死锁和不可达等问题。
3.提出了飞机总体布置协同设计信息协作框架,采用Web服务技术实现非实时协作信息交换,采用反应式Agent技术在CATIA环境下实现实时的协作信息传输与交换,采用可变粒度锁方法实现并发冲突避免,满足了飞机总体布置协同设计中实时和非实时的信息协作要求,提高了系统可集成性和扩展能力。
4.提出了飞机总体布置协同设计系统客户端和服务器端的实现结构,基于CATIA及其二次开发环境CAA、JBPM工作流引擎、Struts框架、Hibernate数据库访问组件等开发工具自主开发了飞机总体布置协同设计原型系统CDAGA,该系统能够完成同步浏览、同步布置、异步浏览、异步布置与协调、技术状态控制和协作任务管理等功能,并在某飞机前机身电子设备舱总体布置与协调中得到了验证。
At the airplane primary design period, massive critical decisions will be made, which decide about 80 percent total life cycle cost of an airplane. The airplane general arrangement design is a key job of the airplane primary design. Traditionally the general arrangement design was carried out in serial design mode. Due to the delay of the communication, inadequacy of coordination and inconsistent of cadence among multidisciplinary design experts, the phenomenon of large-span design changes and redesigns are caused.
CSCD technique was introduced into the airplane general arrangement. The abilities to synchronous or asynchronous collaborative design were provided to the multidisciplinary design experts to participate in the airplane general arrangement with the bigger range and flexibility. The goal to improving design quality, reducing development cost and shortening development cycle can be achieved.
The main research work includes:
1. A general scheme on the cooperative design system for airplane general arrangement was presented. It used a double-bus integration framework based on web services and agent techniques to improve the vertical and lateral integration ability. Combined With workflow techniques and CAD development techniques, the cooperative design system provided the functions for multidisciplinary design experts to synchronous/asynchronous collaborative design in the“arrange-coordinate- arrange”iteration mode.
2. To tackle the problems not having explicit semantics and powerful analysis ability of the traditional task decomposition and process modeling methods for airplane design in the cooperative development mode, an airplane general arrangement process modeling method based on task-related WBS and was presented, and a configuration control process modeling method based on Petri net was developed. Using these methods, potential conflictions among the system were avoided which will lead to the rework and redesign, and the deadlock and unreachability within the application of workflow techniques was solved.
3. An information cooperative framework for airplane general arrangement was presented. The web services techniques were adopted to support the non-real-time information exchanges. The agent techniques were adopted to support the real-time information exchanges in the CATIA environment. An alterable granularity conflict prevention lock method was adopted to obtain the collision avoidance. The information cooperative framework satisfied the multi-level requirements in airplane general arrangement, and enhanced the expansibility and integration of the cooperative design system.
4. The implementation architecture of the cooperative design system for airplane general arrangement was presented. Based on these software development tools including CATIA, CAA, JBPM, Struts and Hibernate, an airplane general arrangement and coordination software prototype CDAGA was developed, which could complete many functions, such as synchronous brows, synchronous arrangement, asynchronous arrangement and coordination and design configuration control management. The effectiveness and applicability of the CDAGA system was verified in a general arrangement application for electron cabin of some airplane forward fuselage.
引文
[1]《飞机设计手册》总编委会.飞机设计手册4.北京:航空工业出版社, 2005.
[2]《飞机设计手册》总编委会.飞机设计手册5.北京:航空工业出版社, 2005.
[3] Palmer J D, Fields N A. Computer supported cooperative work. IEEE Computer. 1994, 27(5): 15~17.
[4] Grudin J. Computersupported cooperative work: history and focus. IEEE Computer, 1994, 27(5): 19~26.
[5] Wilson P. CSCW: origins, concepts and research initiatives. Computer Network and ISDN System, 1991, 23(2): 91~95
[6]史美林,向勇,杨光信,等.计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2000.
[7] McQuay W K. Distributed collaborative dnvironments for the 21st century engineer. Proceedings of Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, Dayton, 2000: 407~414.
[8] Cutkosky M R, Engelmore R S, Fikes R E, et al. PACP: an experiment in integrating concurrent engineering systems. IEEE Computer, 1993, 26(1): 28~31.
[9] Enterprise Integration Technologies.SHARE: a methodology and environment for collaborative product development. http://www.eit.com/pmjects/share/share/share-home.html.
[10] Rose D K, Nada M. Knowledge management and organizational memories. Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002:193~202.
[11]史元春,徐光佑.计算机支持下的协同设计研究.计算机研究与发展, 1998, 35(7): 648~651.
[12] Robertson T. Embodies actions in time and place: the cooperative design of a multimedia, educational computer game. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 1996, 5(4): 341~367.
[13] Kim C Y, Kim N, Kim Y, et al. Internet-based concurrent engineering: an interactive 3d system with markup. Proceedings of the ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, Atlanta, 1998.
[14] Ahn S H, Sundararajan V, Smith C E, et al. CyberCut: an internet-based CAD/CAM system. Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2001, 1(1): 52~59.
[15] Bidarra R, Berg E, Bronsvoort W F. Collaborative modeling with features. Proceedings of the 2001 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, 2001: 1~11.
[16] Barbosa C A M, Feijo B, Dreux M, et al. Distributed object model for collaborative CAD environments based on design history. Advances in Engineering Software, 2003, 34(10):621~631.
[17] Tay F E H, Roy A. 3D solid modeling techniques using CyberCAD for web-based CAD application. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Singapore, 2000: 1072~1083.
[18] CollabCADTM. National Informatics Center. India, 2004.
[19] Chen L, Feng L. Internet-enabled real-time collaborative assembly modeling via an e-assembly system: status and promise. Computer Aided Design, 2004, 36(9): 835~847.
[20] CoCreate Software OneSpace. OneSpace collaboration design. CoCreate Inc., 2003.
[21] Engineous Software Corporation. Fiper technology. http://www.engineous.com/FIPER.cfm.
[22]王钢林,武哲.基于虚拟样机的飞机总体设计环境的体系研究.航空学报, 2005, 26(2): 162~167
[23]樊江,陈志英,王荣桥.航空发动机外部管路多Agent协同设计系统框架.航空动力学报,2006,21(1):186~189
[24] Qiang L, ZhangY F, Nee A Y C. A distributive and collaborative concurrent product design system through the www/internet. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2001, 17: 315~322.
[25]张友良,汪惠芬.异地协同设计制造关键技术及系统实现.工程设计,2002,9(2):53~59.
[26]胡晓兵,殷国富,王经卓.基于Multi-agent技术的机械产品协同设计原理与应用.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5): 510~514.
[27]何发智,高曙明,王少梅,等.基于CSCW的CAD系统协作支持技术与支持工具的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(2):163~167.
[28]何发智,王少梅,孙国正,等.协同集成设计环境的计算机辅助工具.机械工程学报,2002, 38(6):16~20.
[29] Xie Y L, Salvendy G. Awareness support for asynchronous engineering collaboration. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 2003, 13(2): 97~113.
[30]彭维,莫蓉,张铁昌.以网络为中心的协同特征造型.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,13(7):647~654.
[31]胡庆军,邱晓刚,黄柯椂，等.航天器协同设计平台总体框架设计.计算机工程与科学,2007,29(2):129~131.
[32]行开新,田凌.支持异地协同设计的异构CAD虚拟装配系统.清华大学学报,2009,49(2): 226~231.
[33]陆薇,孙家广.CAD支撑系统构件软总线模型.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(1):1~7.
[34]周勋,李洁,何发智,等.基于Internet的协同实体建模系统的设计与实现.第12届全国计算机辅助设计与图形学学术会议论文集,贵阳,2002:720~725.
[35]林守勋,林宗楷,郭玉钗,等.多Agent协同工作环境MACE.计算机学报,1998,21(2):188~193.
[36]苏财茂,柯映林.基于多组件Agent的协同设计系统.中国机械工程,2006,17(7):724~729.
[37] GJB2116.武器装备研制项目工作分解结构.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1994:1~70.
[38] HB7758.飞机系统工作分解结构及代码.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,2004:1~29.
[39]陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[40]吴澄.现代集成制造系统导论一概念、方法、技术和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,施普林格出版社,2001.
[41]袁崇义.Petri网原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[42] Dan B. Partitioning tasks to product development teams. Proceedings of Second International Conference on Axiomatic Design, Cambridge, 2002.
[43] Tang D, Zhen G L, Li Z, et al. Reengineering of the design process for concurrent engineering. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2000, 38(4): 479~491.
[44] Parkh H, Cutkosky M R. Framework for modeling dependencies in collaborative engineering process. Re-search in Engineering Design, 1999, 11(2): 84~102.
[45] Aalst W M P,Hee K M.工作流管理模型、方法和系统(王建民,闻立杰译).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[46]祖旭.基于Petri网理论的产品开发过程建模方法研究. [博士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[47] GJB3206.技术状态管理.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会, 1998:1~12.
[48]裘炅,谭建荣,张树有,等.一种高效的企业联盟工程变更集成系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(4):806~813.
[49]朱海平,王忠浩,李培根.基于PDM的工程变更管理研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,9(7):537~541.
[50]杨煜俊,刘清华,万立,等.基于产品结构的工程变更研究.中国机械工程,2004,15(12): 1055~1059.
[51]张捷,赵文耘,倪晓峰.基于工作流的变更管理工具.计算机工程,2005,31(11):50~52.
[52]李涛,钟诗胜.基于着色时间Petri网的工作流模型及其性能分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(6):824~831.
[53]田锋,李人厚,张金成.模糊定时高级Petri网的协同设计活动建模和分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(3):267~274.
[54]陶剑,范玉青.基于构型项的飞机研制建模技术.北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(10): 1241~1245.
[55]刘昕,李清,陈禹六,等.基于过程BOM的经营过程并行化设计方法.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(1):30~36.
[56]王志坚,蔡自兴.基于IDEF0模型的Petri网间接建模方法研究.系统仿真学报,2008,20(15):3915~3919.
[57] Aalst W M P. On the automatic generation of workflow processes based on product structures. Computer in Industry, 1999, 39(2): 97~111.
[58] HB7807.航空产品技术状态(构型)管理要求.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会, 2006:1~26.
[59] DeveloperWorks IBM. Introduction to web services and the WSDK. https://www6. software.ibm.com/developerworks/education/ws-intwsdk51/ws-intwsdk51-2-1.html.
[60] Ed Ort. Web services and the sun one developer platform. http://developers.sun.com/sw/ build ing/tech_articles/webservice.html.
[61] Wolter Roger. XML web services basics. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms99 6507.aspx.
[62] Jeffrey C.Web services description requirements. http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-ws-desc- reqs-20021028/.
[63] Fabio B,Agostino P,Giovanni R.Developing multi-agent systems with a FIPA compliant agent framework. Software Practice and Experience, 2000, 31(2): 103~128.
[64]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[65] CAA V5 Encyclopedia. http://www.caav5.com/.
[66] Fuks H, Raposo A B, Gerosa M A, et al. Applying the 3C model to groupware development, Cooperative Information Systems, 2005, 14(3): 299~328.
[67] Li M, Gao S M, Zhang Y F, et al. A fine granular concurrency control mechanism for a peer-to-peer cooperative design environment. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, Melbourne, 2007: 180~185.
[68]卢刚,惠怀海,佳俊,等.基于预测的图案协同设计中智能锁研究.重庆大学学报,2005,28(5):68~71.
[69]杨友东,高曙明,张书亭,等.面向自顶向下协同装配设计的任务规划研究.计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7):1268~1274.
[70]昂海松,余雄庆.飞行器先进设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[71]童秉枢.现代CAD技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[72]顾诵芬.飞机总体设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[73]马峻,肖田元,范文慧.面向分区协同设计的关联关系信息模型.计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(8):1484~1492.
[74]苏铁明,欧宗瑛,杨鑫华,等.协同CAD系统结构及关键技术.大连理工大学学报,2003,43(2):196~201.
[75]孔建寿,张友良,江惠芬,等.基于Web的同步协同设计实现技术.南京理工大学学报,2002,26(3):251~255.
[76]李安纪,尹建伟,陈刚.基于Web的分布式协同工作环境的研究与实现.计算机应用研究,2006,23(2):22~24.
[77]张平,何波,吴磊,等.模具协同设计制造的工作流管理研究.计算机应用研究,2007,24(2):46~47.
[78]张林鍹,肖田元,梁策,等.网络化制造下面向ASP的异地协同设计系统及其应用.系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):547~550.
[79] Dridi F, Muschall B, Pernul G. Administration of an RBAC system. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, 2004: 5~8.
[80]马峻,肖田元,范文慧.面向分区协同设计的关联关系表达与管理.计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(5):884~899.
[81] Yao P,Durant D. .NET精简框架程序设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[82] Li W D, Ong S K, Jerry Y H F, et al. Feature based design in a distributed and collaborative environment. Compute Aided Design, 2004, 36(9): 775~793.
[83]张少彤,熊光楞,李涛.基于参数协调模型的多学科协同设计方法.计算机学报,2004,27(1):115~120.
[84] Sun C, Chen D. Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2002, 9(1): l~41.
[85] Tang M, Chou S C, Dong J X. Collaborative virtual environment for feature based modeling. Proceedings of International Conference on Virtual Reality and its Applications in Industry, Singapore, 2004: 120~126.
[86] Chen J Y, Ma Y S, Wang C L, et al. Collaborative design environment with multiple CADsystems. Computer- Aided Design and Applications, 2005, 2(4): 367~376.
[87]何发智,高曙明.半透明半明确协作框架下远程指针协同感知研究.计算机研究与发展, 2002,39(9):1099~1105.
[88]郭航,高济,胡斌,等. RPACTI Agent支持的开放式环境下协同设计系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2009,21(5):694~699.
[89] Pratt M J, Anderson B D, Ranger T. Towards the standardized exchange of parameterized feature-based CAD models. Computer Aided Design, 2005, 37(12): 1251~1265.
[90]史美林.CSCW计算机支持的协同工作系统.通信学报,1995,16(1):55~61.
[91]王钰,杨国为.一种含设计意图的3D模型数据实时交换格式.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2007,19(11):1429~1435.
[92] Park H, Cutkosky M R. Framework for modeling dependencies in collaborative engineering process. Research in Engineering Design, 1999, 11(2): 84-102.
[93]史昊.基于Web Services的协同设计平台的研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2009.
[94] ISO 10303. Standard for the exchange of product model data. 1994.
[95] Poggi A, Rimassa G. Adding extensible synchronization capabilities to the agent model of a FIPA-compliant agent Platform. Proceedings of the First International Workshop AOSE-2000, Berlin, 2001: 307~322.
[96] Minsky M. The society of mind. New York: Simon and Scbuster, 1985.
[97]于志国.基于CORBA的工作流管理系统的设计与实现,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2003.
[98] Wooldridge M J, Jennings N R. Intelligent agent: theory and practice. Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995, 5(2): 123~130.
[99] Alan H B, Richard J R. Cooperation in aircraft design. Research in Engineering Design, 1992, 4(2): 115~130.
[100]崔卫华,李刚炎,杨波,等.产品多领域协同设计过程建模及仿真.系统仿真学报,2009,22(7):2041~2045.
[101]宋李俊,杨育,杨洁,等.产品协同设计中的任务排序研究.中国机械工程,2008,19(7):798~803.
[102]田永利,颜云辉.多领域系统可视化建模仿真平台集成开发.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2008,22(4):526~531.
[103]刘晓康.工作流技术在可靠性信息管理中的应用研究, [硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学, 2005.
[104]梁培志,李畅,李建军.基于XML的模具协同设计知识的表示及应用.中国机械工程,2007,18(14):1694~1696
[105]杨友东,高曙明,张书亭,等.面向自顶向下协同装配设计的任务规划研究.计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7):1268~1274.
[106] Wang B, Bu J, Chen C.A novel coordination mechanism in cooperative pattern design systems. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on CSCW in Design, Xi'an, 2008: 87~92.
[107]张方舟,王东安,李生,等.采用J2EE安全机制支持RBAC模型的研究和实现.计算机工程,2006,32(13):125~127.
[2]《飞机设计手册》总编委会.飞机设计手册5.北京:航空工业出版社, 2005.
[3] Palmer J D, Fields N A. Computer supported cooperative work. IEEE Computer. 1994, 27(5): 15~17.
[4] Grudin J. Computersupported cooperative work: history and focus. IEEE Computer, 1994, 27(5): 19~26.
[5] Wilson P. CSCW: origins, concepts and research initiatives. Computer Network and ISDN System, 1991, 23(2): 91~95
[6]史美林,向勇,杨光信,等.计算机支持的协同工作理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2000.
[7] McQuay W K. Distributed collaborative dnvironments for the 21st century engineer. Proceedings of Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, Dayton, 2000: 407~414.
[8] Cutkosky M R, Engelmore R S, Fikes R E, et al. PACP: an experiment in integrating concurrent engineering systems. IEEE Computer, 1993, 26(1): 28~31.
[9] Enterprise Integration Technologies.SHARE: a methodology and environment for collaborative product development. http://www.eit.com/pmjects/share/share/share-home.html.
[10] Rose D K, Nada M. Knowledge management and organizational memories. Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002:193~202.
[11]史元春,徐光佑.计算机支持下的协同设计研究.计算机研究与发展, 1998, 35(7): 648~651.
[12] Robertson T. Embodies actions in time and place: the cooperative design of a multimedia, educational computer game. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 1996, 5(4): 341~367.
[13] Kim C Y, Kim N, Kim Y, et al. Internet-based concurrent engineering: an interactive 3d system with markup. Proceedings of the ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, Atlanta, 1998.
[14] Ahn S H, Sundararajan V, Smith C E, et al. CyberCut: an internet-based CAD/CAM system. Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2001, 1(1): 52~59.
[15] Bidarra R, Berg E, Bronsvoort W F. Collaborative modeling with features. Proceedings of the 2001 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, 2001: 1~11.
[16] Barbosa C A M, Feijo B, Dreux M, et al. Distributed object model for collaborative CAD environments based on design history. Advances in Engineering Software, 2003, 34(10):621~631.
[17] Tay F E H, Roy A. 3D solid modeling techniques using CyberCAD for web-based CAD application. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Singapore, 2000: 1072~1083.
[18] CollabCADTM. National Informatics Center. India, 2004.
[19] Chen L, Feng L. Internet-enabled real-time collaborative assembly modeling via an e-assembly system: status and promise. Computer Aided Design, 2004, 36(9): 835~847.
[20] CoCreate Software OneSpace. OneSpace collaboration design. CoCreate Inc., 2003.
[21] Engineous Software Corporation. Fiper technology. http://www.engineous.com/FIPER.cfm.
[22]王钢林,武哲.基于虚拟样机的飞机总体设计环境的体系研究.航空学报, 2005, 26(2): 162~167
[23]樊江,陈志英,王荣桥.航空发动机外部管路多Agent协同设计系统框架.航空动力学报,2006,21(1):186~189
[24] Qiang L, ZhangY F, Nee A Y C. A distributive and collaborative concurrent product design system through the www/internet. Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2001, 17: 315~322.
[25]张友良,汪惠芬.异地协同设计制造关键技术及系统实现.工程设计,2002,9(2):53~59.
[26]胡晓兵,殷国富,王经卓.基于Multi-agent技术的机械产品协同设计原理与应用.西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5): 510~514.
[27]何发智,高曙明,王少梅,等.基于CSCW的CAD系统协作支持技术与支持工具的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(2):163~167.
[28]何发智,王少梅,孙国正,等.协同集成设计环境的计算机辅助工具.机械工程学报,2002, 38(6):16~20.
[29] Xie Y L, Salvendy G. Awareness support for asynchronous engineering collaboration. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, 2003, 13(2): 97~113.
[30]彭维,莫蓉,张铁昌.以网络为中心的协同特征造型.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,13(7):647~654.
[31]胡庆军,邱晓刚,黄柯椂，等.航天器协同设计平台总体框架设计.计算机工程与科学,2007,29(2):129~131.
[32]行开新,田凌.支持异地协同设计的异构CAD虚拟装配系统.清华大学学报,2009,49(2): 226~231.
[33]陆薇,孙家广.CAD支撑系统构件软总线模型.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(1):1~7.
[34]周勋,李洁,何发智,等.基于Internet的协同实体建模系统的设计与实现.第12届全国计算机辅助设计与图形学学术会议论文集,贵阳,2002:720~725.
[35]林守勋,林宗楷,郭玉钗,等.多Agent协同工作环境MACE.计算机学报,1998,21(2):188~193.
[36]苏财茂,柯映林.基于多组件Agent的协同设计系统.中国机械工程,2006,17(7):724~729.
[37] GJB2116.武器装备研制项目工作分解结构.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1994:1~70.
[38] HB7758.飞机系统工作分解结构及代码.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,2004:1~29.
[39]陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[40]吴澄.现代集成制造系统导论一概念、方法、技术和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,施普林格出版社,2001.
[41]袁崇义.Petri网原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[42] Dan B. Partitioning tasks to product development teams. Proceedings of Second International Conference on Axiomatic Design, Cambridge, 2002.
[43] Tang D, Zhen G L, Li Z, et al. Reengineering of the design process for concurrent engineering. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2000, 38(4): 479~491.
[44] Parkh H, Cutkosky M R. Framework for modeling dependencies in collaborative engineering process. Re-search in Engineering Design, 1999, 11(2): 84~102.
[45] Aalst W M P,Hee K M.工作流管理模型、方法和系统(王建民,闻立杰译).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[46]祖旭.基于Petri网理论的产品开发过程建模方法研究. [博士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005.
[47] GJB3206.技术状态管理.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会, 1998:1~12.
[48]裘炅,谭建荣,张树有,等.一种高效的企业联盟工程变更集成系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(4):806~813.
[49]朱海平,王忠浩,李培根.基于PDM的工程变更管理研究.计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2003,9(7):537~541.
[50]杨煜俊,刘清华,万立,等.基于产品结构的工程变更研究.中国机械工程,2004,15(12): 1055~1059.
[51]张捷,赵文耘,倪晓峰.基于工作流的变更管理工具.计算机工程,2005,31(11):50~52.
[52]李涛,钟诗胜.基于着色时间Petri网的工作流模型及其性能分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2006,18(6):824~831.
[53]田锋,李人厚,张金成.模糊定时高级Petri网的协同设计活动建模和分析.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2004,16(3):267~274.
[54]陶剑,范玉青.基于构型项的飞机研制建模技术.北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(10): 1241~1245.
[55]刘昕,李清,陈禹六,等.基于过程BOM的经营过程并行化设计方法.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(1):30~36.
[56]王志坚,蔡自兴.基于IDEF0模型的Petri网间接建模方法研究.系统仿真学报,2008,20(15):3915~3919.
[57] Aalst W M P. On the automatic generation of workflow processes based on product structures. Computer in Industry, 1999, 39(2): 97~111.
[58] HB7807.航空产品技术状态(构型)管理要求.北京:国防科学技术工业委员会, 2006:1~26.
[59] DeveloperWorks IBM. Introduction to web services and the WSDK. https://www6. software.ibm.com/developerworks/education/ws-intwsdk51/ws-intwsdk51-2-1.html.
[60] Ed Ort. Web services and the sun one developer platform. http://developers.sun.com/sw/ build ing/tech_articles/webservice.html.
[61] Wolter Roger. XML web services basics. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms99 6507.aspx.
[62] Jeffrey C.Web services description requirements. http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-ws-desc- reqs-20021028/.
[63] Fabio B,Agostino P,Giovanni R.Developing multi-agent systems with a FIPA compliant agent framework. Software Practice and Experience, 2000, 31(2): 103~128.
[64]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[65] CAA V5 Encyclopedia. http://www.caav5.com/.
[66] Fuks H, Raposo A B, Gerosa M A, et al. Applying the 3C model to groupware development, Cooperative Information Systems, 2005, 14(3): 299~328.
[67] Li M, Gao S M, Zhang Y F, et al. A fine granular concurrency control mechanism for a peer-to-peer cooperative design environment. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, Melbourne, 2007: 180~185.
[68]卢刚,惠怀海,佳俊,等.基于预测的图案协同设计中智能锁研究.重庆大学学报,2005,28(5):68~71.
[69]杨友东,高曙明,张书亭,等.面向自顶向下协同装配设计的任务规划研究.计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7):1268~1274.
[70]昂海松,余雄庆.飞行器先进设计技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[71]童秉枢.现代CAD技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[72]顾诵芬.飞机总体设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[73]马峻,肖田元,范文慧.面向分区协同设计的关联关系信息模型.计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(8):1484~1492.
[74]苏铁明,欧宗瑛,杨鑫华,等.协同CAD系统结构及关键技术.大连理工大学学报,2003,43(2):196~201.
[75]孔建寿,张友良,江惠芬,等.基于Web的同步协同设计实现技术.南京理工大学学报,2002,26(3):251~255.
[76]李安纪,尹建伟,陈刚.基于Web的分布式协同工作环境的研究与实现.计算机应用研究,2006,23(2):22~24.
[77]张平,何波,吴磊,等.模具协同设计制造的工作流管理研究.计算机应用研究,2007,24(2):46~47.
[78]张林鍹,肖田元,梁策,等.网络化制造下面向ASP的异地协同设计系统及其应用.系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):547~550.
[79] Dridi F, Muschall B, Pernul G. Administration of an RBAC system. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, 2004: 5~8.
[80]马峻,肖田元,范文慧.面向分区协同设计的关联关系表达与管理.计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(5):884~899.
[81] Yao P,Durant D. .NET精简框架程序设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[82] Li W D, Ong S K, Jerry Y H F, et al. Feature based design in a distributed and collaborative environment. Compute Aided Design, 2004, 36(9): 775~793.
[83]张少彤,熊光楞,李涛.基于参数协调模型的多学科协同设计方法.计算机学报,2004,27(1):115~120.
[84] Sun C, Chen D. Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2002, 9(1): l~41.
[85] Tang M, Chou S C, Dong J X. Collaborative virtual environment for feature based modeling. Proceedings of International Conference on Virtual Reality and its Applications in Industry, Singapore, 2004: 120~126.
[86] Chen J Y, Ma Y S, Wang C L, et al. Collaborative design environment with multiple CADsystems. Computer- Aided Design and Applications, 2005, 2(4): 367~376.
[87]何发智,高曙明.半透明半明确协作框架下远程指针协同感知研究.计算机研究与发展, 2002,39(9):1099~1105.
[88]郭航,高济,胡斌,等. RPACTI Agent支持的开放式环境下协同设计系统.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2009,21(5):694~699.
[89] Pratt M J, Anderson B D, Ranger T. Towards the standardized exchange of parameterized feature-based CAD models. Computer Aided Design, 2005, 37(12): 1251~1265.
[90]史美林.CSCW计算机支持的协同工作系统.通信学报,1995,16(1):55~61.
[91]王钰,杨国为.一种含设计意图的3D模型数据实时交换格式.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2007,19(11):1429~1435.
[92] Park H, Cutkosky M R. Framework for modeling dependencies in collaborative engineering process. Research in Engineering Design, 1999, 11(2): 84-102.
[93]史昊.基于Web Services的协同设计平台的研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2009.
[94] ISO 10303. Standard for the exchange of product model data. 1994.
[95] Poggi A, Rimassa G. Adding extensible synchronization capabilities to the agent model of a FIPA-compliant agent Platform. Proceedings of the First International Workshop AOSE-2000, Berlin, 2001: 307~322.
[96] Minsky M. The society of mind. New York: Simon and Scbuster, 1985.
[97]于志国.基于CORBA的工作流管理系统的设计与实现,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2003.
[98] Wooldridge M J, Jennings N R. Intelligent agent: theory and practice. Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995, 5(2): 123~130.
[99] Alan H B, Richard J R. Cooperation in aircraft design. Research in Engineering Design, 1992, 4(2): 115~130.
[100]崔卫华,李刚炎,杨波,等.产品多领域协同设计过程建模及仿真.系统仿真学报,2009,22(7):2041~2045.
[101]宋李俊,杨育,杨洁,等.产品协同设计中的任务排序研究.中国机械工程,2008,19(7):798~803.
[102]田永利,颜云辉.多领域系统可视化建模仿真平台集成开发.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2008,22(4):526~531.
[103]刘晓康.工作流技术在可靠性信息管理中的应用研究, [硕士学位论文].南京,南京航空航天大学, 2005.
[104]梁培志,李畅,李建军.基于XML的模具协同设计知识的表示及应用.中国机械工程,2007,18(14):1694~1696
[105]杨友东,高曙明,张书亭,等.面向自顶向下协同装配设计的任务规划研究.计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7):1268~1274.
[106] Wang B, Bu J, Chen C.A novel coordination mechanism in cooperative pattern design systems. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on CSCW in Design, Xi'an, 2008: 87~92.
[107]张方舟,王东安,李生,等.采用J2EE安全机制支持RBAC模型的研究和实现.计算机工程,2006,32(13):125~127.