超宽带电磁场传播与衰减特性研究
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摘要
超宽带电磁波在空气中的传播特性前人已作过许多工作，也有比较系统的理论，但其散射特性以及在介质中的衰减特性尚无人问津。本文的研究是国家自然科学基金“城市灾害救助的超宽带电磁探测方法研究”(No．40374027)项目的一部分工作。为了解决生命救护难题，填补我国这一领域的空白，本文开展了一系列关于在介质中的超宽带电磁波的传播特性研究，主要工作是研究分析超宽带电磁波波场特征、衰减特性及散射特性。通过对数学物理方程的计算和计算机模拟，研究了超宽带电磁波的传播特性，分析了超宽带电磁波在不同介质中的衰减及散射特性，完成了超宽带电磁波的时域波场分析、波场衰减特性分析，波场散射特性分析，并将其与普通宽带及窄带电磁波进行对比，得出超宽带电磁脉冲作为该基金项目辐射源是合适和有利的。本文的特色之处是所有模拟均使用的是数学物理方程的解析解而非一般常见的数值解。
本文围绕着超宽带电磁场辐射传播特性研究，从理论与模拟技术探讨了超宽带电磁场辐射理论、能流密度、与辐射器口径的关系以及在不同介质中的衰减特性及特定目标体的散射情况等问题，主要包括以下内容：
1．介绍了超宽带电磁脉冲信号的定义并对该定义进行分析，给定超宽带电磁波的标准激励脉冲信号源，研究了超宽带TEM天线口径辐射场轴线上任意一点的电磁场强度与口径大小及激励脉冲的关系。
2．利用Maxwell方程的位函数解探讨了一般均匀圆电流分布的辐射场及能量流动规律。
3．研究了介质中超宽带电磁波的衰减特性，定义了超宽带电磁波穿透深度的概念，对具有相同主频的宽带、窄带及超宽带电磁波的穿透能力进行了比较。
4．基于应用的要求，分析了介质中及穿墙探测中理想导体对超宽带电磁波的散射特性。
5．本文所有计算结果均为解析解，使用Matlab软件进行模拟，并且将所有结果都与数值模拟进行了对比。模拟结果证明了计算结果的正确性与可靠性，从而证明了该项目的可行性。
There have been many systemic theories on propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field in the air, but nothing about its scattering properties as well as decaying properties in medium. This work was one part of research on UWB electromagnetic exploration methods in the field of urban disaster life rescue, No. 40374027, National Natural Science Fund of China. For solving the problem of living security and filling vacancy in the field in our country, this paper were mainly about the simulation and study about the propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field, which includes: analyzing properties of propagating characteristics, decaying characteristics and scattering properties of UWB electromagnetic field. Through simulation and compute, we analyzed the properties of propagation, decaying and scattering of UWB electromagnetic field in different medium, completed the analysis of time-domain wave field, decaying field and scattering field of UWB electromagnetic field. At last, we compared UWB with the wide band and narrow band electromagnetic wave as the exciting pulse. Specially, all the results were analytical solution of mathematical-physical equation, not the numerical solution.
Study around the propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field involved in this paper, the problems were discussed in different extent using simulation and theories, including: radiation theory of UWB, energy density, the relationship of radiation aperture, the decaying properties and the scattering of ideal target in different medium.
1. The definition of UWB electromagnetic pulse signal was introduced and analysis to this definition was carded on. Then a standard driving pulse of UWB electromagnetic wave was assigned, which is used to study the relations of electromagnetic field intensity with the aperture size and the driving pulse on the axis of UWB TEM aperture antennas.
2. Radiation field and energy flaw of even current distribution was discussed using potential function solution of Maxwell equation.
3. The decaying properties of UWB electromagnetic wave in the medium were studied, and the definition about skin depth of UWB electromagnetic wave was defined. Then the skin depth of wide band, narrow band and UWB electromagnetic wave which have the same basic frequency were compared.
4. Based on the requests of application, the scattering properties of UWB electromagnetic wave in the medium and be put on the ideal conductor in the wall survey were analyzed.
5. The results in this paper were analytical, not numerical. Matlab was used to simulate and the results were compared with numerical simulation. The simulation results established the accuracy and reliability of this paper, so the project is feasibility.
本文围绕着超宽带电磁场辐射传播特性研究，从理论与模拟技术探讨了超宽带电磁场辐射理论、能流密度、与辐射器口径的关系以及在不同介质中的衰减特性及特定目标体的散射情况等问题，主要包括以下内容：
1．介绍了超宽带电磁脉冲信号的定义并对该定义进行分析，给定超宽带电磁波的标准激励脉冲信号源，研究了超宽带TEM天线口径辐射场轴线上任意一点的电磁场强度与口径大小及激励脉冲的关系。
2．利用Maxwell方程的位函数解探讨了一般均匀圆电流分布的辐射场及能量流动规律。
3．研究了介质中超宽带电磁波的衰减特性，定义了超宽带电磁波穿透深度的概念，对具有相同主频的宽带、窄带及超宽带电磁波的穿透能力进行了比较。
4．基于应用的要求，分析了介质中及穿墙探测中理想导体对超宽带电磁波的散射特性。
5．本文所有计算结果均为解析解，使用Matlab软件进行模拟，并且将所有结果都与数值模拟进行了对比。模拟结果证明了计算结果的正确性与可靠性，从而证明了该项目的可行性。
There have been many systemic theories on propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field in the air, but nothing about its scattering properties as well as decaying properties in medium. This work was one part of research on UWB electromagnetic exploration methods in the field of urban disaster life rescue, No. 40374027, National Natural Science Fund of China. For solving the problem of living security and filling vacancy in the field in our country, this paper were mainly about the simulation and study about the propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field, which includes: analyzing properties of propagating characteristics, decaying characteristics and scattering properties of UWB electromagnetic field. Through simulation and compute, we analyzed the properties of propagation, decaying and scattering of UWB electromagnetic field in different medium, completed the analysis of time-domain wave field, decaying field and scattering field of UWB electromagnetic field. At last, we compared UWB with the wide band and narrow band electromagnetic wave as the exciting pulse. Specially, all the results were analytical solution of mathematical-physical equation, not the numerical solution.
Study around the propagating properties of UWB electromagnetic field involved in this paper, the problems were discussed in different extent using simulation and theories, including: radiation theory of UWB, energy density, the relationship of radiation aperture, the decaying properties and the scattering of ideal target in different medium.
1. The definition of UWB electromagnetic pulse signal was introduced and analysis to this definition was carded on. Then a standard driving pulse of UWB electromagnetic wave was assigned, which is used to study the relations of electromagnetic field intensity with the aperture size and the driving pulse on the axis of UWB TEM aperture antennas.
2. Radiation field and energy flaw of even current distribution was discussed using potential function solution of Maxwell equation.
3. The decaying properties of UWB electromagnetic wave in the medium were studied, and the definition about skin depth of UWB electromagnetic wave was defined. Then the skin depth of wide band, narrow band and UWB electromagnetic wave which have the same basic frequency were compared.
4. Based on the requests of application, the scattering properties of UWB electromagnetic wave in the medium and be put on the ideal conductor in the wall survey were analyzed.
5. The results in this paper were analytical, not numerical. Matlab was used to simulate and the results were compared with numerical simulation. The simulation results established the accuracy and reliability of this paper, so the project is feasibility.
引文
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[2] J. N. Brittingham. Comment on focus wave modes in homogeneous maxwell's equations: transverse electric mode[J]. J. App. Phys.,1984, (56)9:2567-2588.
[3] Wu T T. Electromagnetic missiles[J]. J. Appl. phys.,1985,57(7):2370-2373.
[4] 金龙，阮成礼．慢衰减波的频域解释[J]．电子与信息学报，2005，27(4)：642-646．
[5] 祝明波．UWB SAR信号设计与产生技术[D]．北京：国防科技大学搏士学位论文，1999．
[6] 库勃里亚诺夫等著[俄罗斯]，郝宝瑛等译．电子战系统导论[M]．南京：信息产业部南京十四所，1991．
[7] IgorI. Immoreev. Feature Detection in UWB Radar Signals[J]. CRC Press LLC, 2001: 21-46.
[8] James D Taylor, Thomas E. McEwan. The MicroPower Impulse Radar[J]. CRC Press LLC,2001:155-163.
[9] Robert B. James at el..Ultra-Wideband Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. CRC Press LLC, 2001:165-179.
[10] Ram M. Narayanan atel.. Design Performance and Applications of a Coberent UWB Random Noise Radar[J]. CRC Press LLC, 2001:181-203.
[11] Gurnam S. Gill. High-Resolution Step-Frequency Radar[J]. CRC Press LLC, 2001: 303-328.
[12] JamesD. Taylor. Ultra-Wideband Radar Capability Demonstrations[J]. CRC Press LLC,2001:343-377.
[13] James D. Taylor, P.E. Ultral-Wideband Radar Technology[M]. CRC press Boca Raton London New York Washington, 2001.
[14] 黄德双．高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．
[15] Ruan chengli ,Wan changhua. Choice of excitation in electromagnetic missiles[J]. Electron Lett, 1989,25(19):1321-1323.
[16] 阮成礼，万长华．电磁导弹的波形条件[J]．科学通报，1991，34(4)：738-740．
[17] Myers J M, etc. Curved electromagnetic missiles[J]. J Appl Phys, 1989, 65 (7): 2604～2610.
[18] Shen H M. Experimental study of electromagnetic missiles[J]. Proc SPIE, 1988,63(12):5647-5653.
[19] Shen H M, etc. The properties of the electromagnetic missiles[J]. J Appl Phys, 1989,66(9):4025-4034.
[20] Wen Geyi, Ruan chengli, Lin Weigan. Backscattering of the electromagnetic missiles by a perfectly conducting sphere[J].J Appl Phys, 1991,70(8):4053- 4056.
[21] 王向晖，蒋延生，汪文秉．口径天线瞬态辐射特性的研究[J]．西安交通大学学报．2004，(38)2：0170-0174．
[22] 阮成礼．有耗媒质中瞬态电磁波的渐进解[J]．电子学报，1993，21(6)：65-71．
[23] 宋华，李禹．超宽带穿墙探测雷达的运动目标检测技术[J]．电讯技术，2004，(6)：133-137．
[24] 李大心．探地雷达方法与应用[M]．北京：地质出版社，1994年12月．
[25] 张双狮等．超宽带搜救雷达发射信号及径向分辨力研究[J]．现代雷达，2006，28(5)：12-15+67．
[26] 曾黄麟，余成波．信号与系统分析基础[M]．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001．
[27] 王秉中．计算电磁学[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002．
[28] 杜忠复，蔡淑云，魏运才．大学数学—微积分[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2004．
[29] 张锐，魏文博．慢衰减电磁波在电磁法测深中的应用研究[J]．工程地球物理学报，2005，(2)5：335-337．
[30] 袁明德．探地雷达检测中如何计算速度[J]．物探与化探，2003，27(3)：220-222．
[31] 曹伟，徐立勤．电磁场与电磁波理论[M]．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，1999．
[32] McLean, James S., Foltz, Heinrich, Sutton, Robert. Pattern descriptors for UWB antennas[J]. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, 2005,1.
[33] Alomainy, A., Hao,Y., Parini, C.G, Hall, P.S.. Comparison between two different antennas for UWB on-body propagation measurements[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2005,4(1):31-34.
[34] BiDX. Diancichang Lilun (Thetheory of electromagnetic field)[M]. Beijing: Dianzi Gongye Chubanshe (ElectronicIndustrie PublishingHouse),1985:382-390.
[35] 王向晖，蒋延生，汪文秉．超宽带天线口径辐射效应的时域研究[J]．现代雷达．2003，(9)：38-41．
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