城市旅游化：概念、测量、影响因素及其演进规律
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摘要
摘要：本文是一篇有关城市旅游功能的研究。进入后工业社会,旅游将成为人类的基本生活方式之一。作为主要的旅游目的地,旅游目的地功能将成为世界上大多数城市的共性功能。旅游规模的增长速度将远远高于城市规模的增长,城市旅游接待强度越来越高；同时,旅游经济在城市经济中的地位不断上升。旅游功能的提升是一个缓慢的历史过程,量变引起质变,最终形成了一种新型的城市类型,即以旅游为主导功能的城市—旅游城市。
本文将城市旅游接待功能提升的历史过程称之为“城市旅游化”,认为旅游化水平是衡量城市发展水平的重要标准,也是判断旅游城市的基本依据。
论文采用理论研究与实证研究相结合的方式,坚持定性分析和定量分析的原则,综合运用文献研究法、历史逻辑分析法、统计分析法、比较研究法等,主要研究了四个问题：城市旅游化是什么；城市旅游化如何测量；城市旅游化的影响因素包括哪些；城市旅游化在时间上的演进规律。
论文分为八章。
第一章为绪论。阐述了选题原因、研究主题所面临的时代背景、研究意义、研究方法、主要创新等。
第二章为基础理论和文献综述。全面总结了城市功能理论及地区专业化理论的发展脉络,并对城市功能、城市旅游功能、城市旅游化等研究进行了综述。
第三章为城市旅游化理论研究。对城市旅游化的概念进行了界定,与相关概念进行了辨析；运用历史分析法,回顾了不同社会形态下的城市旅游化；基于比较成本收益理论,分析了城市旅游化的机理；并总结了城市旅游化的五大特征。
第四章和第五章主要讨论城市旅游化的衡量问题。第四章运用AHP方法,建立了城市旅游化衡量指标体系,并以中国27个重点旅游城市为样本进行了实证研究。第五章运用单指标方法,将城市旅游化简化为旅游功能强度和旅游功能地位,虽然一定程度牺牲了精确性,但扩大了样本范围,并且使动态研究成为可能。在此基础上以中国285个地级城市为样本,对城市旅游化水平进行了测算。
第六章讨论城市旅游化的影响因素。主要分析了城市规模和等级、城市区位、城市经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、政府对旅游业的支持、旅游环境等六个因素。
第七章本章以四个典型城市为样本,从时间序列的角度研究城市旅游化的动态演进。四个样本或案例城市为北京、苏州、张家界、长春,分别代表当前阶段中国的不同城市类型。以四个城市为样本,总结了不同类型城市旅游化的演进规律。
第八章对论文形成的主要结论进行总结,并论述了城市旅游化理论对当前城市管理的启示。
ABSTRACT:This article is mainly about the study on urban tourism function. After entering the industrial society, tourism will be one of human beings basic lifestyle. As a major tourist destination, tourist reception function will become common features of most cities in the world. The growth rate of tourism scale will be much higher than the city scale and the city tourism intensity will be higher; at the same time, the position of tourism economy in the city economic is rising. The enhancement of tourism function is a slow historical process, from quantitative change to qualitative change, eventually produce a new city types, namely tourism city—this is the city which tourism as the leading function.
The process of the promotions of urban tourism reception function is called "tourismization" in this article. And it thinks that the level of tourismization is an important standard to measure the level of the urban development, and it is also the basis of judging tourism city.
This paper adopts the combination of theoretical research and empirical research methods, adheres to the principle of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and uses literature research method, historical and logical analysis, statistical analysis, comparative research method. It research four major questions:the concept, measurement, influence and evolution of urban tourismization.
The thesis is divided into eight chapters:
The first chapter is an introduction. It elaborates the reason of selecting this topic, the background of research topic, research significance, research methods and the main innovation.
The second chapter is the basic theory and literature review. It makes a comprehensive summary of the development context of urban function theory and areas specialization theory, and review the research on urban functions, urban tourism functions and urban tourismization.
The third chapter is the theoretical study on urban tourismization. The concept of urban tourismization has been defined, and related concepts are discriminated; using historical analysis, it has reviewed the urban tourismization under different social forms; based on comparative cost-benefit theory, it analysis the mechanism of urban tourismization; and summarizes the five characteristics of urban tourismization.
The fourth chapter and the fifth chapter mainly discuss the measurement of urban tourismization. The fourth chapter uses AHP method, established the indicators system of urban tourismization, and did empirical study with the samples of27major Chinese tourism cities. The fifth chapter uses the single indicator method, the urban tourismization is simplified as the intensity of urban tourism function and tourism functional position, which although to some extent at the expense of accuracy, but expands the range of sample, and makes the dynamic research possible. On the basis of285prefecture level city China as samples, the level of urban tourismization is calculated.
The sixth chapter discusses the influence factors of urban tourismization. It mainly analysis six factors including the city scale and rank, city location, the level of urban economic development, tourism attrictions, government support on tourism and tourism environment.
In the seventh chapter, four typical cities as samples, it studies the dynamic evolution of city tourism from the time series. Four samples include Beijing, Suzhou, Zhangjiajie, Changchun, which represent different city types in the current stage of China. With the four cities as samples, it summarizes the evolution law of different type city tourismization.
In the eighth chapter, the main conclusions of this paper are summarized, and it discusses the inspiration of city tourism theory to the current urban management.
本文将城市旅游接待功能提升的历史过程称之为“城市旅游化”,认为旅游化水平是衡量城市发展水平的重要标准,也是判断旅游城市的基本依据。
论文采用理论研究与实证研究相结合的方式,坚持定性分析和定量分析的原则,综合运用文献研究法、历史逻辑分析法、统计分析法、比较研究法等,主要研究了四个问题：城市旅游化是什么；城市旅游化如何测量；城市旅游化的影响因素包括哪些；城市旅游化在时间上的演进规律。
论文分为八章。
第一章为绪论。阐述了选题原因、研究主题所面临的时代背景、研究意义、研究方法、主要创新等。
第二章为基础理论和文献综述。全面总结了城市功能理论及地区专业化理论的发展脉络,并对城市功能、城市旅游功能、城市旅游化等研究进行了综述。
第三章为城市旅游化理论研究。对城市旅游化的概念进行了界定,与相关概念进行了辨析；运用历史分析法,回顾了不同社会形态下的城市旅游化；基于比较成本收益理论,分析了城市旅游化的机理；并总结了城市旅游化的五大特征。
第四章和第五章主要讨论城市旅游化的衡量问题。第四章运用AHP方法,建立了城市旅游化衡量指标体系,并以中国27个重点旅游城市为样本进行了实证研究。第五章运用单指标方法,将城市旅游化简化为旅游功能强度和旅游功能地位,虽然一定程度牺牲了精确性,但扩大了样本范围,并且使动态研究成为可能。在此基础上以中国285个地级城市为样本,对城市旅游化水平进行了测算。
第六章讨论城市旅游化的影响因素。主要分析了城市规模和等级、城市区位、城市经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、政府对旅游业的支持、旅游环境等六个因素。
第七章本章以四个典型城市为样本,从时间序列的角度研究城市旅游化的动态演进。四个样本或案例城市为北京、苏州、张家界、长春,分别代表当前阶段中国的不同城市类型。以四个城市为样本,总结了不同类型城市旅游化的演进规律。
第八章对论文形成的主要结论进行总结,并论述了城市旅游化理论对当前城市管理的启示。
ABSTRACT:This article is mainly about the study on urban tourism function. After entering the industrial society, tourism will be one of human beings basic lifestyle. As a major tourist destination, tourist reception function will become common features of most cities in the world. The growth rate of tourism scale will be much higher than the city scale and the city tourism intensity will be higher; at the same time, the position of tourism economy in the city economic is rising. The enhancement of tourism function is a slow historical process, from quantitative change to qualitative change, eventually produce a new city types, namely tourism city—this is the city which tourism as the leading function.
The process of the promotions of urban tourism reception function is called "tourismization" in this article. And it thinks that the level of tourismization is an important standard to measure the level of the urban development, and it is also the basis of judging tourism city.
This paper adopts the combination of theoretical research and empirical research methods, adheres to the principle of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and uses literature research method, historical and logical analysis, statistical analysis, comparative research method. It research four major questions:the concept, measurement, influence and evolution of urban tourismization.
The thesis is divided into eight chapters:
The first chapter is an introduction. It elaborates the reason of selecting this topic, the background of research topic, research significance, research methods and the main innovation.
The second chapter is the basic theory and literature review. It makes a comprehensive summary of the development context of urban function theory and areas specialization theory, and review the research on urban functions, urban tourism functions and urban tourismization.
The third chapter is the theoretical study on urban tourismization. The concept of urban tourismization has been defined, and related concepts are discriminated; using historical analysis, it has reviewed the urban tourismization under different social forms; based on comparative cost-benefit theory, it analysis the mechanism of urban tourismization; and summarizes the five characteristics of urban tourismization.
The fourth chapter and the fifth chapter mainly discuss the measurement of urban tourismization. The fourth chapter uses AHP method, established the indicators system of urban tourismization, and did empirical study with the samples of27major Chinese tourism cities. The fifth chapter uses the single indicator method, the urban tourismization is simplified as the intensity of urban tourism function and tourism functional position, which although to some extent at the expense of accuracy, but expands the range of sample, and makes the dynamic research possible. On the basis of285prefecture level city China as samples, the level of urban tourismization is calculated.
The sixth chapter discusses the influence factors of urban tourismization. It mainly analysis six factors including the city scale and rank, city location, the level of urban economic development, tourism attrictions, government support on tourism and tourism environment.
In the seventh chapter, four typical cities as samples, it studies the dynamic evolution of city tourism from the time series. Four samples include Beijing, Suzhou, Zhangjiajie, Changchun, which represent different city types in the current stage of China. With the four cities as samples, it summarizes the evolution law of different type city tourismization.
In the eighth chapter, the main conclusions of this paper are summarized, and it discusses the inspiration of city tourism theory to the current urban management.
引文
① 《2012年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报》。
② 《上海城市规划1999-2020》。
③ 《上海市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》。
① 《黄山市城市总体规划(2008-2030)》。
② 《桂林城市总体规划(2010-2020)》。
① 数据来自北京旅游委网站。
① 《北京市国民经济与社会发展统计公报2012》。
① 数据来源十历年《中国旅游统计年鉴》。
① 数据来源于《中国旅游统计年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》。
① 铁道部,中长期铁路网规划(2008年调整),2008.
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② 《上海城市规划1999-2020》。
③ 《上海市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》。
① 《黄山市城市总体规划(2008-2030)》。
② 《桂林城市总体规划(2010-2020)》。
① 数据来自北京旅游委网站。
① 《北京市国民经济与社会发展统计公报2012》。
① 数据来源十历年《中国旅游统计年鉴》。
① 数据来源于《中国旅游统计年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》。
① 铁道部,中长期铁路网规划(2008年调整),2008.
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