WTO框架下两岸四地区域经济一体化的法学路径
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摘要
大陆和台湾相继入世后,连同香港和澳门在内,我国在WTO体系中共占有四席,这种“一国四席”的状况是由中国的特殊国情造成的。在区域经济一体化的新一轮浪潮席卷全球之时,如何发挥“一国四席”中的积极因素、推动两岸四地的区域一体化进程,成为学界讨论的一大热点。中国作为一个政治大国和经济大国,无论从全球战略,还是从地区战略的角度考虑,都需要建立以其自身为核心的区域经济一体化,即以两岸四地为基础,形成中国经济发展的统一体。在WTO的框架之内构建两岸四地的区域一体化制度,是顺应历史潮流提出的“新举措”,也是实现中国经济快速发展和中华民族全面复兴的需要。中国内地与香港和澳门地区CEPA的签订,属于中国“经济一体化”战略的重要实践之一。本文在从经济、政治、法律因素等方面综合考察了两岸四地区域经济一体化的动因之后,认为两岸四地区域一体化具有可操作性。根据两岸四地经济贸易制度的差异性,“新型自由贸易区模式”应是当前两岸四地经济整合法律模式的首选。有效的区域经济一体化必定要有一个较为完善的实施机制,尤其是不能缺少一个结构科学合理、能够有效运行的争端解决机制。在排除了直接适用WTO争端解决机制之后,通过多元途径解决四方的经贸纠纷是一种可行的方式。进而为保证经贸争端及时、有效地解决,可以设置一个专门的事务及争端管理机构——大中华自由贸易区管理委员会。在争端解决制度的具体设计方面本文认为应包括预警机制、协商机制和专家裁判庭程序。
After the Chinese mainland and Taiwan region entered the WTO, together with Hong Kong and Macao, there are altogether four places of China in the WTO. This situation is due to the special history of China. Facing the rapid growth of regional economics worldwide, how to use the good factors of“four places of one country”, and promote the economic integration of the four places, becomes a hot question in the academic field. China, as a huge political and economic power, from the anger of international strategy as well as the regional strategy, must establish a regional economic integration with China’s mainland as the core. Thus, based on the economy of four places crossing straits, form a integrated body of China’s economic development. To set up a institution of regional economic integration under the WTO framework, is a Novel Maneuver that fit the contemporary tide, as well as a need to realize the full renaissance of Chinese as a nation and China’s speedy economic growth. The signing of CEPA among Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau SAR government is an important practice of economic integration strategy of China. In this article, the author analyzes the incentives of economic integration among four places crossing strait comprehensively from economic, political and legal dimension. Based on these analyses, the author points out that the regional integration of the foul places is workable. Furthermore, according to the differences of institution concerning economic and trade system of the four places, the first and foremost choice for legal model of economic integration is“New free trading region model”. And, a workable regional economic integration must have a sound enforcement mechanism, especially a well-structured enforceable Dispute Settlement Mechanism. To resolve economic and trade dispute among the four parties by a multi-channel system might be a workable way. To assure the timely and effective resolution of economic and trade dispute, the author propose a professional dispute administration agency-Regulatory Committee of Great China Free Trade Region. On the specific dispute settlement institution, the author proposes Alert Mechanism, Consultation Mechanism and Expert Tribunal procedure.
After the Chinese mainland and Taiwan region entered the WTO, together with Hong Kong and Macao, there are altogether four places of China in the WTO. This situation is due to the special history of China. Facing the rapid growth of regional economics worldwide, how to use the good factors of“four places of one country”, and promote the economic integration of the four places, becomes a hot question in the academic field. China, as a huge political and economic power, from the anger of international strategy as well as the regional strategy, must establish a regional economic integration with China’s mainland as the core. Thus, based on the economy of four places crossing straits, form a integrated body of China’s economic development. To set up a institution of regional economic integration under the WTO framework, is a Novel Maneuver that fit the contemporary tide, as well as a need to realize the full renaissance of Chinese as a nation and China’s speedy economic growth. The signing of CEPA among Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau SAR government is an important practice of economic integration strategy of China. In this article, the author analyzes the incentives of economic integration among four places crossing strait comprehensively from economic, political and legal dimension. Based on these analyses, the author points out that the regional integration of the foul places is workable. Furthermore, according to the differences of institution concerning economic and trade system of the four places, the first and foremost choice for legal model of economic integration is“New free trading region model”. And, a workable regional economic integration must have a sound enforcement mechanism, especially a well-structured enforceable Dispute Settlement Mechanism. To resolve economic and trade dispute among the four parties by a multi-channel system might be a workable way. To assure the timely and effective resolution of economic and trade dispute, the author propose a professional dispute administration agency-Regulatory Committee of Great China Free Trade Region. On the specific dispute settlement institution, the author proposes Alert Mechanism, Consultation Mechanism and Expert Tribunal procedure.
引文
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[3] 张华.“大中华经济圈”经贸交流发展问题研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005:2.
[4] Maurice Schiff L.Alan Winters.区域一体化与发展[M].郭磊译.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2004:1,53,54,120-121,122.
[5] 杨丽艳.区域经济一体化法律制度研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2004:99-104,320-323,335.
[6] 刘俊.区域贸易安排的法学进路[M].北京:中信出版社,2004:40,250,264.
[7] [美] 罗伯特·吉尔平.全球资本主义的挑战[M].杨宇光、杨炯译.上海:上海世纪出版集团,2001:204.
[8] [美]约翰·H.杰克逊.GATT/WTO 法理与实践[M].张玉卿等译.北京:新华出版社,2002:113.
[9] [美]芭芭拉·斯多林斯主编.论全球化的区域效应[M].王镭等译.重庆:重庆出版社,2002:228.
[10] 孙琬锺主编.中国经贸法律的热点问题[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2004:76-77,214,225-226.
[11] 曾令良.世界贸易组织法[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,1996:72.
[12] 慕亚平主编.WTO 中的“一国四席” [M].北京:法律出版社,2004:4.
[13] 赵维田.世贸组织(WTO)的法律制度[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2000:75~76,82,84,430
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[15] 伍贻康.区域整合体制创新[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003:57.
[16] 刘力、宋少华.发展中国家经济一体化新论[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002:138-165.
[17] 薛波主编.元照英美法词典[M].北京:法律出版社,2003:627.
[18] 陈安主编.国际经济法论丛(第七卷)[M],北京:法律出版社,2003:81.
[19] [美]E.博登海默著,邓正来译.法理学:法律哲学与法律方法[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999:332.
[20] 马进保.CEPA 框架下的经贸争端解决机制与程序[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2005:250,286
[21] 曹建明、贺小勇.世界贸易组织[M].北京:法律出版社,1999:381-393.
[22] 马迪亚斯·赫蒂根.欧洲法[M].张恩民译.北京:法律出版社,2003:52～53,122.
[23] [英]弗兰西斯·斯奈德著.欧洲联盟法概论[M].宋英译.北京:北京大学出版社,1996:397.
[24] 刘世元主编.区域国际经济法研究[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2001:
[25] 劳特派特修订本.奥本海国际法(第一分册下卷)[M].王铁崖、陈体强译.北京:商务印书馆,1972:37.
[26] 伯纳德·霍克曼、麦克尔·考斯太基.世界贸易体制的政治经济学[M].刘平等译.北京:法律出版社,1999.
[27] [英]阿兰·鲁格曼.全球化的终结[M].常志霄等译.上海:生活?读书?新知三联书店,2001.
[28] [美]贾格迪什·巴格沃蒂.今日自由贸易[M].海闻译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[29] 李浩培.条约法概论[M].北京:法律出版社,2003.
[30] 薛荣久、樊瑛等著.WTO 多哈回合与中国[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2004.
[31] 沈木珠.区域贸易优惠与最惠国待遇关系的冲突与法律协调----兼论我国之应对措施[J].国际贸易问题,2005(2):99-103.
[32] 2003 年世界区域性货物贸易增长一览表.世界贸易组织动态与研究,2004 (9):46.
[33] 蔡宏明.NAFTA 贸易投资自由化对 APEC 的影响[J].亚太经济合作评论,2000(6):37-40.
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