全数字三相SPWM信号产生芯片的测试及其变频调速应用
摘要
针对电力电子领域的需要,我们设计了全数字三相SPWM信号产生芯片。课题组前期阶段完成了芯片的实现。本文主要介绍芯片的测试及其在变频调速系统中的应用。
该芯片为可编程的,只需外接一个时钟源,由MCU发送控制信息到芯片,芯片就可发出要求的SPWM信号。芯片采用DIP40脚的封装。本文首先测试了芯片的全部逻辑功能。所选MCU为AT89S8252,由信号发生器Agilent 33220A提供可变的时钟信号,由示波器TEKTRONIX TDS3034B、逻辑分析仪TEKTRONIX TLA601来观测输出的波形。测试程序由汇编语言编写。测试结果表明逻辑功能正常,芯片达到设计指标。芯片的工作电压测试结果为3.3V~5.5V。
SPWM信号可把直流电压变成电压脉冲序列,控制脉冲的宽度与周期可控制交流电源的电压与频率,其在电力电子领域有着广泛的应用。以该芯片为基础,设计了变频调速系统的硬件和软件。系统包括键盘、显示、EEPROM、A/D、串口通信、过流比较、SPWM信号产生等部分,采用V/F控制方式。软件由C语言编写,在μVision2开发环境下调试。由于SPWM信号产生集成于芯片中,使得控制精度高为16位;系统稳定运行时SPWM信号产生不占用MCU的运算资源,使得MCU效率高;所用元件少,降低了成本。
以一台1.1KW的异步电机为例进行实验,由示波器观测电机上的电压与电流。实验结果显示电压脉冲逐渐增大,电流波形规则呈正弦型,电机运行平稳。在不同SPWM信号频率时对电机的转速进行测量,结果显示转速与频率呈良好的线性关系,通过控制SPWM的频率就可控制电机转速。
由实验结果可知芯片的性能达到实用要求,变频调速系统的设计是成功的。
A full digital SPWM signal generation chip is designed for electric power .The chip is completed during the period stage of the project. This paper is main concern of the test and the application of the chip in VVVF.
The programmable chip can sent out ordered SPWM signal after the control information is written into it by MCU .The clock signal is provide by an oscillating crystal. 40 lead plastic dual-in-line package is selected for the chip. All the function of the chip is tested firstly in the paper. AT89S8252 is selected as the MCU, the output waveform is captured by Phosphor Oscilloscopes: TEKTRONIX TDS3034B and Logic Analyzer: TEKTRONIX TLA601.The test program is written in assemble language. The work voltage range of the chip is 3.3V~5V.The results of test show the function is correct and the chip reaches up to design specification.
SPWM signal can invert DC power supply into pulse power supply. The voltage and frequency of AC power supply can be controlled by adjusting the width and period of SPWM pulse, so the SPWM is used widely in power electric. The hardware and software of a VVVF (Variable Voltage variable Frequency) system based on the chip are designed in the paper. The system includes display, keyboard, EEPROM, A/D, UART, safeguard, SPWM signal and so on. The V/F control method is adopted in the system. The software is written in C language and debugged inμVision2. Because the SPWM signal generation in one chip, the characters of the system is control precise 16 bits, MCU efficient, low cost. An experiment was made upon a 1.1KW induction motor. The voltage and current of the motor were captured by the Phosphor Oscilloscopes. The results of experimentation show the width of pulse increase gradually and the current is sine curve, so the motor run steadily. The motor rotate speeds at different SPWM frequency were measured. It can be seen that rotate speed is linear with SPWM frequency. So the motor rotate speed can be controlled by adjusting SPWM frequency.
It can be seen that the performance of chip reaches up the application specification, and the design of the VVVF system is successful.
该芯片为可编程的,只需外接一个时钟源,由MCU发送控制信息到芯片,芯片就可发出要求的SPWM信号。芯片采用DIP40脚的封装。本文首先测试了芯片的全部逻辑功能。所选MCU为AT89S8252,由信号发生器Agilent 33220A提供可变的时钟信号,由示波器TEKTRONIX TDS3034B、逻辑分析仪TEKTRONIX TLA601来观测输出的波形。测试程序由汇编语言编写。测试结果表明逻辑功能正常,芯片达到设计指标。芯片的工作电压测试结果为3.3V~5.5V。
SPWM信号可把直流电压变成电压脉冲序列,控制脉冲的宽度与周期可控制交流电源的电压与频率,其在电力电子领域有着广泛的应用。以该芯片为基础,设计了变频调速系统的硬件和软件。系统包括键盘、显示、EEPROM、A/D、串口通信、过流比较、SPWM信号产生等部分,采用V/F控制方式。软件由C语言编写,在μVision2开发环境下调试。由于SPWM信号产生集成于芯片中,使得控制精度高为16位;系统稳定运行时SPWM信号产生不占用MCU的运算资源,使得MCU效率高;所用元件少,降低了成本。
以一台1.1KW的异步电机为例进行实验,由示波器观测电机上的电压与电流。实验结果显示电压脉冲逐渐增大,电流波形规则呈正弦型,电机运行平稳。在不同SPWM信号频率时对电机的转速进行测量,结果显示转速与频率呈良好的线性关系,通过控制SPWM的频率就可控制电机转速。
由实验结果可知芯片的性能达到实用要求,变频调速系统的设计是成功的。
A full digital SPWM signal generation chip is designed for electric power .The chip is completed during the period stage of the project. This paper is main concern of the test and the application of the chip in VVVF.
The programmable chip can sent out ordered SPWM signal after the control information is written into it by MCU .The clock signal is provide by an oscillating crystal. 40 lead plastic dual-in-line package is selected for the chip. All the function of the chip is tested firstly in the paper. AT89S8252 is selected as the MCU, the output waveform is captured by Phosphor Oscilloscopes: TEKTRONIX TDS3034B and Logic Analyzer: TEKTRONIX TLA601.The test program is written in assemble language. The work voltage range of the chip is 3.3V~5V.The results of test show the function is correct and the chip reaches up to design specification.
SPWM signal can invert DC power supply into pulse power supply. The voltage and frequency of AC power supply can be controlled by adjusting the width and period of SPWM pulse, so the SPWM is used widely in power electric. The hardware and software of a VVVF (Variable Voltage variable Frequency) system based on the chip are designed in the paper. The system includes display, keyboard, EEPROM, A/D, UART, safeguard, SPWM signal and so on. The V/F control method is adopted in the system. The software is written in C language and debugged inμVision2. Because the SPWM signal generation in one chip, the characters of the system is control precise 16 bits, MCU efficient, low cost. An experiment was made upon a 1.1KW induction motor. The voltage and current of the motor were captured by the Phosphor Oscilloscopes. The results of experimentation show the width of pulse increase gradually and the current is sine curve, so the motor run steadily. The motor rotate speeds at different SPWM frequency were measured. It can be seen that rotate speed is linear with SPWM frequency. So the motor rotate speed can be controlled by adjusting SPWM frequency.
It can be seen that the performance of chip reaches up the application specification, and the design of the VVVF system is successful.
引文
【1】 I Celanovic,et al. A new Distributed Digital Controller for the Next Generation of Power Electronics Building Blocks[C]. IEEE APEC 2000,2:889-894
【2】 Fred C.Lee,et al. Power Electronics Building Block and System Integration[C]. PIEMC 2000,1(1): l-8
【3】 Hongmei LI, Takashi HIKIHARA. Limit Cycle of Induction MOTOR Drive and Its Control [J]. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,2005, E88-A(10): 2521-2526
【4】 R S Kanchan, M R Baiju,K K Mohapatra. Space vector PWM signal generation for multilevel inverters using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages[C]. IEE Proceedings. Part B, Electric Power Applications,2005,152(2): 297-309
【5】 Hag-Wone Kim, Myung-Joong Youn;,Kwan-Youl Cho. New Voltage Distortion Observer of PWM VSI for PMSM [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(4): 1188-1192
【6】 R A Villarreal-Ortiz, M Hernandez-Angeles, C. R. Fuerte-Esquivel. Centroid PWM Technique for Inverter Harmonics Elimination [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2): 1209-1210
【7】 Nachiket Urdhwareshe. New growth for EDA's in-house tools[J]. Electronic Engineering Times,2005,1374:78
【8】 Gabe Morelli. Third-Party IP: a shaky foundation for SOC design. Electrical Design News[J],2005,50(3): 36-38
【9】 V lyengar, A Chandra. Unified SOC test approach based on test data compression and TAM design [J]. IEE proceedings. Part E, Computers and digital techniques,2005,152(1): 82-88
【10】 Hou Ligang, Liu Tongfang,Wu Wuchen. A DFT Evaluation Methodology In Multi Built-in Memory ASIC Design[C]. ISTM2005, Dalian, China. 5495-5498.
【11】 Lan-Da Van,Chih-Chyau Yang. High-Speed Area-Efficient Recursive DFT/IDFT Architectures[C]. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2004,3: 357-360
【12】 Ahn B S, Kim B I, Chang T G. A sliding-DFT based power-line phase measurement algorithm and its FPGA implementation[C]. Developments in Power System Protection, 2004:44-47
【13】 Kundu S, Mak T M, Galivanche R. Trends in manufacturing test methods and their implications[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International. 2004: 679-687
【14】 Xinli Gu, Wang C, Lee A. Realizing high test quality goals with smart test resource usage[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International.2004: 525-533
【15】 Ravikumar C P, Hetherington G. A holistic parallel and hierarchical approach towards design-for-test[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International.2004: 345-354
【16】 Wang X, Ottavi M, Meyer F, Lombardi F. On the yield of compiler-based ESRAMS[C]. Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 2004: 11-19
【17】 C P Ravikumar, G Hetherington. A Holistic Parallel and Hierarchical Approach towards Design-For-Test[C]. 2004 International Test Conference.2004: 345-354
【18】 Popovic DM, Quenneville J, Stuchebrukhov AA. DFT/electrostatic calculations of pK(a) values in cytochrome coxidase[J]. The journal of physical chemistry.2005,109(8): 1520-6106
【19】 James Chien-Mo LI. A Design for Testability Technique for Low Power Delay Fault Testing [J]. IEICE Transactions on Electronics.2004, E87-C(4): 621-628
【20】 S K Goel, E J Marinissen. Optimisation of on-chip design-for-test infrastructure for maximal multi-site test throughput [J]. IEEE proceedings. Part E, Computers and digital techniques,2005,152(3): 442-456
【21】 RICK NELSON. DFT to help ATE tackle high-speed test [J]. Test & Measurement World,2004,23(12):17
【22】 Tang Shanqiang, Gao Yong, Yu Ningmei, “IP Soft Core Design Of Full Digital Three-Phase SPWM Signal Generation System”[C],10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, DEVICES & SYSTEMS Integrated Systems on Silicon 8-10 September 2004 Suntec, Singapore.
【23】 梁毅,余宁梅,高勇,张如亮. DDS 技术在 SPWM 信号产生系统 IP 核设计中的应用[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2004,24(1):77-80.
【24】 GUENGOER BAL, ERDAL BEKIROGLU. A PWM Technique for DSP Controlled Ultrasonic MOTOR Drive System[J].Electric Power Components and Systems,2005,33(1): 21-38
【25】 V T Somasekhar, K Gopakumar,M R. Baiju. A Multilevel Inverter System for an Induction MOTOR With Open-End Windings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(3): 824-836
【26】 Faa-Jeng Lin, Dong-Hai Wang,Po-Kai Huang. RFNN controlled sensorless induction spindle motor drive [J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2004,70(3): 211-222
【27】 AT89C51- 8-BitMicrocontrollerwith 4K Bytes Flash, ATMEL Corporation
【28】 Ron Wilson. Suppliers vary their paths to mixed-signal MCUS. Electronic Engineering Times[J],2003,10(1290):42-44
【29】 MAX7219-Serially Interfaced, 8-digit led display driver, MAXIM Corporation.
【30】 AT93C66-3-wire Serial EEPROM,ATMEL Corporation.
【31】 TLC549-8-bit analog-to-digital converters with serial control. Texas Instruments Incorporated.
【32】 S Marabelli, A Fornasari, P Malcovati,F Maloberti. An 80-MHz, 14-bit bandpass mash sigma-DElta/pipeline a/d converter with 5 MHz bandwidth for third generation mobile communication systems[J]. Measurement,2005,37(4): 320-327
【33】 Feng Hui,Lin Zhenghui. The design of adaptive sigma-DElta a/d converter [J]. High Technology Letters,2005,11(4): 367-370
【34】 MAX232-+5V-Powered, Multi-channel RS-232 Drivers/Receivers,MAXIM Corporation
【35】 Liakot Ali, Roslina SiDEk, Ishak Aris. Design of a micro-uart for SOC application [J]. Computers and Electrical Engineering,2004,30(2): 257-268
【36】 Gallo R., DElvai M, Elmenreich W, Steininger A. Revision and verification of an enhanced UART[C]. Factory Communication Systems, 2004. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International Workshop on,2004: 315-318
【37】 Andrzej M Trzynadlowski, Konstantin Borisov,Yuan Li, Ling Qin. A Novel Random PWM Technique With Low Computational Overhead and Constant Sampling Frequency for High-Volume, Low-Cost Applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(1): 116-122
【38】 G. Narayanan, V T Ranganathan. Analytical Evaluation of Harmonic Distortion in PWM AC Drives Using the Notion of Stator Flux Ripple [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(2): 466-474
【39】 Dal Y Ohm, Richard J Oleksuk. Which PWM MOTOR-control IC is best for your application [J]. Motion System Design2005,47(7): 22,24,26,28,30
【40】 张志学,马皓,何湘宁. 新型正弦脉宽调制采样方法的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版),2005,39(4):588
【41】 周开伦,林争辉,韩志刚.一种基于谐波抑制的正弦脉宽调制信号的实现[J].上海交通大学学报,2003,37 (9):1380
【42】 李建林,王立乔,李彩霞,韩冰,张仲超. 基于现场可编程门阵列的多路 PWM 波形发生器[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):55
【43】 陆宏亮,戴国骏,钱照明. 一种新型两相感应电动机变频调 SPWM 控制技术[C]. 电工技术学报,2005,20(9):44
【44】 Bellar M D, Lee B K, Fahimi B. An AC motor drive with power factor control for low cost applications[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2001, 1:601.
【45】 Yao suo Xue, Liu chen Chang. Closed-Loop SPWM Control for Grid-Connected Buck-Boost Inverters[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004,5:3366
【46】 Zhang Xiao mei,Cheng Yao zhong. High performance SPWM frequency converter three-phase cage induction motor's synchronous modulation variable frequency speed regulation system. Intelligent Control and Automation[C].2000. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on,2000.5:3684
【47】 V T Somasekhar, M R, Baiju, K Gopakumar. Dual two-level inverter scheme for an open-end winding induction motor drive with a single DC power supply and improved DC bus utilization [J]. IEEE Proceedings. Part B, Electric Power Applications,2004,151(2): 230-238
【48】 Chih-Yi Huang, Chao-Peng Wei, Jung-Tai Yu, Yeu-Jent Hu. Torque and Current Control of Induction motor Drives for Inverter Switching Frequency Reduction [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5): 1364-1371
【49】 GUENGOER BAL; ERDAL BEKIROGLU. A PWM Technique for DSP Controlled Ultrasonic motor Drive System [J]. Electric Power Components and Systems,2005,33(1): 21-38
【50】 高勇,余宁梅,陈利杰,唐善强. 新型全数字三相 SPWM 信号产生芯片设计与实现[J]. 半导体学报,2006,27(1):99-104.
【51】 陈利杰,高勇,孙向东,刑毓华. 全数字 SPWM 信号产生芯片的设计及变频调速应用[J]. 电子器件,已录用.
【52】 CHEN Li- Jie, GAO Yong, Yang Yuan. Application of A Programmable SPWM Signal Generation Chip[C] .IPEMC2006.
【2】 Fred C.Lee,et al. Power Electronics Building Block and System Integration[C]. PIEMC 2000,1(1): l-8
【3】 Hongmei LI, Takashi HIKIHARA. Limit Cycle of Induction MOTOR Drive and Its Control [J]. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,2005, E88-A(10): 2521-2526
【4】 R S Kanchan, M R Baiju,K K Mohapatra. Space vector PWM signal generation for multilevel inverters using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages[C]. IEE Proceedings. Part B, Electric Power Applications,2005,152(2): 297-309
【5】 Hag-Wone Kim, Myung-Joong Youn;,Kwan-Youl Cho. New Voltage Distortion Observer of PWM VSI for PMSM [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(4): 1188-1192
【6】 R A Villarreal-Ortiz, M Hernandez-Angeles, C. R. Fuerte-Esquivel. Centroid PWM Technique for Inverter Harmonics Elimination [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2): 1209-1210
【7】 Nachiket Urdhwareshe. New growth for EDA's in-house tools[J]. Electronic Engineering Times,2005,1374:78
【8】 Gabe Morelli. Third-Party IP: a shaky foundation for SOC design. Electrical Design News[J],2005,50(3): 36-38
【9】 V lyengar, A Chandra. Unified SOC test approach based on test data compression and TAM design [J]. IEE proceedings. Part E, Computers and digital techniques,2005,152(1): 82-88
【10】 Hou Ligang, Liu Tongfang,Wu Wuchen. A DFT Evaluation Methodology In Multi Built-in Memory ASIC Design[C]. ISTM2005, Dalian, China. 5495-5498.
【11】 Lan-Da Van,Chih-Chyau Yang. High-Speed Area-Efficient Recursive DFT/IDFT Architectures[C]. 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2004,3: 357-360
【12】 Ahn B S, Kim B I, Chang T G. A sliding-DFT based power-line phase measurement algorithm and its FPGA implementation[C]. Developments in Power System Protection, 2004:44-47
【13】 Kundu S, Mak T M, Galivanche R. Trends in manufacturing test methods and their implications[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International. 2004: 679-687
【14】 Xinli Gu, Wang C, Lee A. Realizing high test quality goals with smart test resource usage[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International.2004: 525-533
【15】 Ravikumar C P, Hetherington G. A holistic parallel and hierarchical approach towards design-for-test[C]. Test Conference, 2004. Proceedings. International.2004: 345-354
【16】 Wang X, Ottavi M, Meyer F, Lombardi F. On the yield of compiler-based ESRAMS[C]. Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 2004: 11-19
【17】 C P Ravikumar, G Hetherington. A Holistic Parallel and Hierarchical Approach towards Design-For-Test[C]. 2004 International Test Conference.2004: 345-354
【18】 Popovic DM, Quenneville J, Stuchebrukhov AA. DFT/electrostatic calculations of pK(a) values in cytochrome coxidase[J]. The journal of physical chemistry.2005,109(8): 1520-6106
【19】 James Chien-Mo LI. A Design for Testability Technique for Low Power Delay Fault Testing [J]. IEICE Transactions on Electronics.2004, E87-C(4): 621-628
【20】 S K Goel, E J Marinissen. Optimisation of on-chip design-for-test infrastructure for maximal multi-site test throughput [J]. IEEE proceedings. Part E, Computers and digital techniques,2005,152(3): 442-456
【21】 RICK NELSON. DFT to help ATE tackle high-speed test [J]. Test & Measurement World,2004,23(12):17
【22】 Tang Shanqiang, Gao Yong, Yu Ningmei, “IP Soft Core Design Of Full Digital Three-Phase SPWM Signal Generation System”[C],10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, DEVICES & SYSTEMS Integrated Systems on Silicon 8-10 September 2004 Suntec, Singapore.
【23】 梁毅,余宁梅,高勇,张如亮. DDS 技术在 SPWM 信号产生系统 IP 核设计中的应用[J].固体电子学研究与进展,2004,24(1):77-80.
【24】 GUENGOER BAL, ERDAL BEKIROGLU. A PWM Technique for DSP Controlled Ultrasonic MOTOR Drive System[J].Electric Power Components and Systems,2005,33(1): 21-38
【25】 V T Somasekhar, K Gopakumar,M R. Baiju. A Multilevel Inverter System for an Induction MOTOR With Open-End Windings [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(3): 824-836
【26】 Faa-Jeng Lin, Dong-Hai Wang,Po-Kai Huang. RFNN controlled sensorless induction spindle motor drive [J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2004,70(3): 211-222
【27】 AT89C51- 8-BitMicrocontrollerwith 4K Bytes Flash, ATMEL Corporation
【28】 Ron Wilson. Suppliers vary their paths to mixed-signal MCUS. Electronic Engineering Times[J],2003,10(1290):42-44
【29】 MAX7219-Serially Interfaced, 8-digit led display driver, MAXIM Corporation.
【30】 AT93C66-3-wire Serial EEPROM,ATMEL Corporation.
【31】 TLC549-8-bit analog-to-digital converters with serial control. Texas Instruments Incorporated.
【32】 S Marabelli, A Fornasari, P Malcovati,F Maloberti. An 80-MHz, 14-bit bandpass mash sigma-DElta/pipeline a/d converter with 5 MHz bandwidth for third generation mobile communication systems[J]. Measurement,2005,37(4): 320-327
【33】 Feng Hui,Lin Zhenghui. The design of adaptive sigma-DElta a/d converter [J]. High Technology Letters,2005,11(4): 367-370
【34】 MAX232-+5V-Powered, Multi-channel RS-232 Drivers/Receivers,MAXIM Corporation
【35】 Liakot Ali, Roslina SiDEk, Ishak Aris. Design of a micro-uart for SOC application [J]. Computers and Electrical Engineering,2004,30(2): 257-268
【36】 Gallo R., DElvai M, Elmenreich W, Steininger A. Revision and verification of an enhanced UART[C]. Factory Communication Systems, 2004. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International Workshop on,2004: 315-318
【37】 Andrzej M Trzynadlowski, Konstantin Borisov,Yuan Li, Ling Qin. A Novel Random PWM Technique With Low Computational Overhead and Constant Sampling Frequency for High-Volume, Low-Cost Applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(1): 116-122
【38】 G. Narayanan, V T Ranganathan. Analytical Evaluation of Harmonic Distortion in PWM AC Drives Using the Notion of Stator Flux Ripple [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(2): 466-474
【39】 Dal Y Ohm, Richard J Oleksuk. Which PWM MOTOR-control IC is best for your application [J]. Motion System Design2005,47(7): 22,24,26,28,30
【40】 张志学,马皓,何湘宁. 新型正弦脉宽调制采样方法的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版),2005,39(4):588
【41】 周开伦,林争辉,韩志刚.一种基于谐波抑制的正弦脉宽调制信号的实现[J].上海交通大学学报,2003,37 (9):1380
【42】 李建林,王立乔,李彩霞,韩冰,张仲超. 基于现场可编程门阵列的多路 PWM 波形发生器[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2005,25(10):55
【43】 陆宏亮,戴国骏,钱照明. 一种新型两相感应电动机变频调 SPWM 控制技术[C]. 电工技术学报,2005,20(9):44
【44】 Bellar M D, Lee B K, Fahimi B. An AC motor drive with power factor control for low cost applications[C]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2001, 1:601.
【45】 Yao suo Xue, Liu chen Chang. Closed-Loop SPWM Control for Grid-Connected Buck-Boost Inverters[C]. IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004,5:3366
【46】 Zhang Xiao mei,Cheng Yao zhong. High performance SPWM frequency converter three-phase cage induction motor's synchronous modulation variable frequency speed regulation system. Intelligent Control and Automation[C].2000. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on,2000.5:3684
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