家用综合业务终端的技术研究
摘要
随着计算机、宽带网络技术和集成电路技术的飞速发展，多媒体通信成为世界信息网络发展中的热点。同时，数字电视的普及在我国也是一项紧迫的任务。如何利用HFC网络独特的带宽优势和雄厚的网络基础来实现家庭用户的宽带多媒体综合业务正得到了越来越多的关注和研究。
本论文首先对数字电视机顶盒的类型、体系结构和国内外研究现状进行了仔细的研究，在对DOCSIS协议和DVB-C协议细致分析的基础上，断定目前市场上的STB因利用电话线进行回传交互，上行带宽小，不能实现宽带多媒体综合业务，不适应未来发展的需要。因此，需要研制使用内嵌CM技术的家用综合业务终端，来完成高速多媒体业务的交互。家用综合业务终端采用了双调谐器加内嵌CM的方法来构建终端系统的DVB前端交互模块，可以同时完成DVB数字电视节目的接收和宽带多媒体业务的交互，其丰富的接口类型便于综合业务的扩展。论文重点研究了家用综合业务终端的软硬件体系结构、高速交互通道的设计和多媒体综合业务的实现技术，并解决了其中主要的技术难题，例如：家用综合业务终端与头端设备的通信机制、DVB-C数字电视节目的接收、多媒体数据业务的分类处理等。其硬件结构大体可分为DVB前端交互模块、音视频数据处理模块、输出呈现模块、外围设备数据接口模块和存储器管理模块这五个主要单元。在具体软件实现上采用了OS20实时系统的多进程编程思想，制定了整个终端系统软件的总体流程。最后论文还对综合业务终端的家庭网络连接网关功能和VOIP实现进行了探索。
本文所研究的家用综合业务终端符合DVB-C和Euro DOCSIS协议规范，能充分利用HFC网络的优势，使用户坐在家中就能享受到数字电视、视频点播、网上浏览、IP可视电话、数据传输和交互游戏等多媒体综合业务。如果能尽快研制生产并积极投入市场，将使电视产业及相关的专用集成电路和芯片制造、嵌入式应用软件产业迅速成为我国新的经济增长点。
With the rapid development of computer, wideband network and IC technologies, multimedia communications become the development focus of world information network technology. Meanwhile, the popularization of digital TV has become urgent in china.HFC network is characteristic with broad bandwidth and rich network resources. Presently how to fully exploit its features has gained more and more attentions and studies.
This paper firstly investigates STB's variety, architecture and its study status domestic and abroad. Then, On the basis of particular analysis about the DOCSIS and DVB-C protocols, the author lists the disadvantages of the STBs which are popular in the market now.These STBs utilize the telephone line to transmit upstream messages, which leads to the feature of narrow upstream bandwidth. This feature restricts the realization of wide-band multimedia integrated services and future development. Therefore it is required to develop a kind of Home Integrated Service Terminal with embedded cable modem, to realize high speed interaction of multimedia services. In this terminal ,the DVB-based front-end interactive module comprises a double-tuner and embedded cable modem.It can simultaneously receive DVB digital TV programs and the interaction of broadband multimedia services.Meanwhile the home terminal has variable interfaces,easy for expansion. This paper mainly focuses on the design of software and hardware architecture , high speed communication channel，and the research of the implementation technology of the multimedia integrated services. The paper also explains the methods to solve the technical problems, such as: the communication mechanism between Home Integrated Services Terminals and head devices, how to receive and show the DVB-C digital TV programs, how to deal with all kinds of multimedia data stream services,and so on. The hardware achitecture of Home Integrated Services Terminal is mainly composed of the following five parts: DVB-based front-end interactive module , video and audio data processing module, output presentation module, peripheral equipment data interface module, memory management module. As for the software implementation, we used the multiprocessing method in OS20 to
establish the system software procedure. Finally, this paper primary discusses the realization of the connection gateway and VOIP functions of terminal.
The Home Integrated Services Terminal accords with the DVB-C and DOCSIS protocols, and can make full use of HFC network's advantages. Users can enjoy all the multimedia integrated services at home, such as: digital TV, VOD ,INTERNET, VOIP, data transmission, interactive games, and so on. Its developing, manufacturing and stepping into market will undoubtedly accelerate the growth of domestic tv-related industry , ASIC, chip manufaturing industry, embedded application software industry.
本论文首先对数字电视机顶盒的类型、体系结构和国内外研究现状进行了仔细的研究，在对DOCSIS协议和DVB-C协议细致分析的基础上，断定目前市场上的STB因利用电话线进行回传交互，上行带宽小，不能实现宽带多媒体综合业务，不适应未来发展的需要。因此，需要研制使用内嵌CM技术的家用综合业务终端，来完成高速多媒体业务的交互。家用综合业务终端采用了双调谐器加内嵌CM的方法来构建终端系统的DVB前端交互模块，可以同时完成DVB数字电视节目的接收和宽带多媒体业务的交互，其丰富的接口类型便于综合业务的扩展。论文重点研究了家用综合业务终端的软硬件体系结构、高速交互通道的设计和多媒体综合业务的实现技术，并解决了其中主要的技术难题，例如：家用综合业务终端与头端设备的通信机制、DVB-C数字电视节目的接收、多媒体数据业务的分类处理等。其硬件结构大体可分为DVB前端交互模块、音视频数据处理模块、输出呈现模块、外围设备数据接口模块和存储器管理模块这五个主要单元。在具体软件实现上采用了OS20实时系统的多进程编程思想，制定了整个终端系统软件的总体流程。最后论文还对综合业务终端的家庭网络连接网关功能和VOIP实现进行了探索。
本文所研究的家用综合业务终端符合DVB-C和Euro DOCSIS协议规范，能充分利用HFC网络的优势，使用户坐在家中就能享受到数字电视、视频点播、网上浏览、IP可视电话、数据传输和交互游戏等多媒体综合业务。如果能尽快研制生产并积极投入市场，将使电视产业及相关的专用集成电路和芯片制造、嵌入式应用软件产业迅速成为我国新的经济增长点。
With the rapid development of computer, wideband network and IC technologies, multimedia communications become the development focus of world information network technology. Meanwhile, the popularization of digital TV has become urgent in china.HFC network is characteristic with broad bandwidth and rich network resources. Presently how to fully exploit its features has gained more and more attentions and studies.
This paper firstly investigates STB's variety, architecture and its study status domestic and abroad. Then, On the basis of particular analysis about the DOCSIS and DVB-C protocols, the author lists the disadvantages of the STBs which are popular in the market now.These STBs utilize the telephone line to transmit upstream messages, which leads to the feature of narrow upstream bandwidth. This feature restricts the realization of wide-band multimedia integrated services and future development. Therefore it is required to develop a kind of Home Integrated Service Terminal with embedded cable modem, to realize high speed interaction of multimedia services. In this terminal ,the DVB-based front-end interactive module comprises a double-tuner and embedded cable modem.It can simultaneously receive DVB digital TV programs and the interaction of broadband multimedia services.Meanwhile the home terminal has variable interfaces,easy for expansion. This paper mainly focuses on the design of software and hardware architecture , high speed communication channel，and the research of the implementation technology of the multimedia integrated services. The paper also explains the methods to solve the technical problems, such as: the communication mechanism between Home Integrated Services Terminals and head devices, how to receive and show the DVB-C digital TV programs, how to deal with all kinds of multimedia data stream services,and so on. The hardware achitecture of Home Integrated Services Terminal is mainly composed of the following five parts: DVB-based front-end interactive module , video and audio data processing module, output presentation module, peripheral equipment data interface module, memory management module. As for the software implementation, we used the multiprocessing method in OS20 to
establish the system software procedure. Finally, this paper primary discusses the realization of the connection gateway and VOIP functions of terminal.
The Home Integrated Services Terminal accords with the DVB-C and DOCSIS protocols, and can make full use of HFC network's advantages. Users can enjoy all the multimedia integrated services at home, such as: digital TV, VOD ,INTERNET, VOIP, data transmission, interactive games, and so on. Its developing, manufacturing and stepping into market will undoubtedly accelerate the growth of domestic tv-related industry , ASIC, chip manufaturing industry, embedded application software industry.
引文
[1] 杜百川等. 数字视频广播（DVB）标准及系统设备. 广电总局标准化规划研究所.1997.67-68
[2] ETSI ES 200 800 V1.3.1 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);DVB interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV) . 2001-10 .13-44
[3] 练益群. DVB-C的信道编码与调制. 中国有线电视.2002.(12):18-20.
[4] 刘修文.数字有线电视技术系列讲座 第六讲:DVB-C标准. 中国有线电视. 1999. 45-48
[5] ETSI TS 102 812 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Multimedia Home Platform (MHP)Specification 1.1 . 2001-11. 34-35, 71-286
[6] ISO/IEC 13818-6. Information technology generic coding of Moving Pictures and Association Audio Information-extension for digital storage media command and control . 1994.1-18
[7] ISO/IEC 13818-1. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 1: Systems. 1994. 11,65,141-143
[8] Ｃ-ＣＵＢＥ Microsystems inc. Compression Technology: an MPEG Overview.1999-09 .1-12
[9] ISO/IEC 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 2: Video. 1994. 82
[10] ISO/IEC 13818-3. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 3: Audio. 1994. 60-66
[11] 钟玉琢、王琪、赵黎、杨小勤. 运动图像及其伴音通用压缩编码国际标准MPEG-2和MPEG标准的新进展.清华大学出版社.2002. 第四章302-315
[12] Albert Azzam著. 赵慧玲 梁勇 蒋大林 段世惠等译. 梁勇审校. 《高速电缆调制解调器》. 电子工业出版社 1999.7. 282-305
[13] ETSI EN 300 429. digital video broadcasting(DVB);framing structure,channel coding and modulation for cable systems V1.2.1. 1998. 9-13
[14] Microtune,inc. MICRO TUNER 2040 DataSheet; Cable modem and STB Application.2001-10. 1-12
[15] ST.SGS-THOMSON.STV0396 DOCSIS and EuroDOCSIS 1.1 Cable Modem Integrated
Circuit.2001. 1-4
[16] ST.SGS-THOMSON. STI5518 Single-chip SET-TOP BOX decoder with MP3 and hard disk drive support . DATA SHEET.2001. 1-301
[17] 易鹏，解炜. DVB-C在线电视数字综合解码接收机.广播与电视技术. 2000. (5):112-116
[18] 孙亚楠，郑南宁等. 基于DVB-C的数字机顶盒系统及其软件. 中国有线电视.2002.(17):9-12.
[19] 林伟. 微机串行口与I2C总线的连接. 微计算机信息.2001.(17):36-37.
[20] 田逢春，吴资玉，龚波. 电缆数据传输业务接口规范DOCSIS射频接口规范.中国物资出版社.2001. 28-29, 97, 137-149
[21] 陈成，刘小卫，刘卫忠，徐重阳. DVB-C数字机顶盒的设计与实现. 电视技术. 2001-5.33-34
[22] ST.SGS-THOMSON. ST20 Embeded Toolset R1.6.2. User Manual.1998. 4-21
[23] Julia wilsion . ST.SGS-THOMSON APPLICATION NOTE . REAL-TIME KERNELS ON THE ST20.1998 .1-29
[24] 杨勇，饶群. 数字电视机顶盒的嵌入式操作系统内核分析. 电视技术.2002.(3): 25-28.
[25] 于治楼,王永军,张娴静. DVB系统传输多媒体数据的实现方法. 电视技术.2001.(11):32-33.
[26] 王江. DVB-C机顶盒中的视频信号处理. 电子技术应用.2000.(12):50-53.
[27] C.Tryfonas and A.Varma, "Timestamping Schemes for MPEG-2 Systems Layer and Their Effect on Receiver Clock Recovery",IEEE Trans.Multimedia,Sept.1999.1-2,14-16
[28]ETSI TR 101 211 v1.4.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI) . 2000-07.10-49
[29] TR 101 202 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for Data Broadcasting v1.1.1 . 1999-02 .9-60
[30]ST.SGS-THOMSON. STLC1502 datasheet. VOICE OVER IP PROCESSOR.2002-01.1-4
[2] ETSI ES 200 800 V1.3.1 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);DVB interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV) . 2001-10 .13-44
[3] 练益群. DVB-C的信道编码与调制. 中国有线电视.2002.(12):18-20.
[4] 刘修文.数字有线电视技术系列讲座 第六讲:DVB-C标准. 中国有线电视. 1999. 45-48
[5] ETSI TS 102 812 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Multimedia Home Platform (MHP)Specification 1.1 . 2001-11. 34-35, 71-286
[6] ISO/IEC 13818-6. Information technology generic coding of Moving Pictures and Association Audio Information-extension for digital storage media command and control . 1994.1-18
[7] ISO/IEC 13818-1. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 1: Systems. 1994. 11,65,141-143
[8] Ｃ-ＣＵＢＥ Microsystems inc. Compression Technology: an MPEG Overview.1999-09 .1-12
[9] ISO/IEC 13818-2. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 2: Video. 1994. 82
[10] ISO/IEC 13818-3. Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio-Part 3: Audio. 1994. 60-66
[11] 钟玉琢、王琪、赵黎、杨小勤. 运动图像及其伴音通用压缩编码国际标准MPEG-2和MPEG标准的新进展.清华大学出版社.2002. 第四章302-315
[12] Albert Azzam著. 赵慧玲 梁勇 蒋大林 段世惠等译. 梁勇审校. 《高速电缆调制解调器》. 电子工业出版社 1999.7. 282-305
[13] ETSI EN 300 429. digital video broadcasting(DVB);framing structure,channel coding and modulation for cable systems V1.2.1. 1998. 9-13
[14] Microtune,inc. MICRO TUNER 2040 DataSheet; Cable modem and STB Application.2001-10. 1-12
[15] ST.SGS-THOMSON.STV0396 DOCSIS and EuroDOCSIS 1.1 Cable Modem Integrated
Circuit.2001. 1-4
[16] ST.SGS-THOMSON. STI5518 Single-chip SET-TOP BOX decoder with MP3 and hard disk drive support . DATA SHEET.2001. 1-301
[17] 易鹏，解炜. DVB-C在线电视数字综合解码接收机.广播与电视技术. 2000. (5):112-116
[18] 孙亚楠，郑南宁等. 基于DVB-C的数字机顶盒系统及其软件. 中国有线电视.2002.(17):9-12.
[19] 林伟. 微机串行口与I2C总线的连接. 微计算机信息.2001.(17):36-37.
[20] 田逢春，吴资玉，龚波. 电缆数据传输业务接口规范DOCSIS射频接口规范.中国物资出版社.2001. 28-29, 97, 137-149
[21] 陈成，刘小卫，刘卫忠，徐重阳. DVB-C数字机顶盒的设计与实现. 电视技术. 2001-5.33-34
[22] ST.SGS-THOMSON. ST20 Embeded Toolset R1.6.2. User Manual.1998. 4-21
[23] Julia wilsion . ST.SGS-THOMSON APPLICATION NOTE . REAL-TIME KERNELS ON THE ST20.1998 .1-29
[24] 杨勇，饶群. 数字电视机顶盒的嵌入式操作系统内核分析. 电视技术.2002.(3): 25-28.
[25] 于治楼,王永军,张娴静. DVB系统传输多媒体数据的实现方法. 电视技术.2001.(11):32-33.
[26] 王江. DVB-C机顶盒中的视频信号处理. 电子技术应用.2000.(12):50-53.
[27] C.Tryfonas and A.Varma, "Timestamping Schemes for MPEG-2 Systems Layer and Their Effect on Receiver Clock Recovery",IEEE Trans.Multimedia,Sept.1999.1-2,14-16
[28]ETSI TR 101 211 v1.4.1. Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI) . 2000-07.10-49
[29] TR 101 202 . Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for Data Broadcasting v1.1.1 . 1999-02 .9-60
[30]ST.SGS-THOMSON. STLC1502 datasheet. VOICE OVER IP PROCESSOR.2002-01.1-4