BES Ⅲ上a_0~0（980）-f_0（980）混合强度的测量及J/ψ→ωηπ~0的研究
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摘要
量子色动力学(QCD)是标准模型框架下描述强相互作用的基本理论。它预言了胶球,混杂态及多夸克态等新型强子态的存在。而目前已发现的强子均由两个或者三个价夸克组成。实验上对新型强子态的观测成为对QCD理论的直接验证。另外,对轻强子态的产生和衰变性质的系统研究将为我们理解强耦合非微扰机制下的强相互作用提供很好的信息,对低能区QCD的发展起到重要推动作用。BES Ⅲ的工作能区在2～4.6GeV,此能区一直被公认为是寻找和研究新型强子的理想场所。目前BES Ⅲ拥有世界上最大统计量的J/ψ和ψ'数据。本文的主要研究内容是利用BES Ⅲ上的大统计量数据对强子谱进行的研究。
实验上发现了很多0-+、0++、2++粒子,它们成为这些新型强子态的候选者。量子数为0++的粒子a00(980)和f0(980)自被发现至今已有几十年的历史,但关于其性质的讨论一直是轻强子谱研究的重要话题。这两个粒子有近似的质量,但不同的衰变模式。它们曾被描述为KK分子态、四夸克态、混杂态、qq介子等。理论方面和实验方面都为探究这两个粒子的本质展开了大量的工作。理论学家在上世纪70年代就提出由于a0(980)和f0(980)都可以耦合到KK,a00(980)和f0(980)之间可以通过KK的圈图而产生混合,因此a00(980)-f0(980)的混合强度将为理解它们的性质提供重要的实验信息。
基于BES Ⅲ上2.25×108的J/ψ和1.06×108的ψ'数据,本文从J/ψ→φf0(980)→φa00(980)→φηπ0过程和ψ'→γχc1,xc1→a00(980)π0→f0(980)π0→π+π-π0过程中对a00(980)-f0(980)混合强度进行了测量,得到a00(980)→f0(980)的混合强度和f0(980)→a00(980)的混合强度分别为：我们还将这些结果与利用理论参数或者一些实验得到的参数进行计算的混合强度结果进行了比较。这次测量是世界上首次直接测量,这些结果会为a00(980)、f0(980)理论模型的发展提供必要的限制,进而为其本质的确定提供重要信息。
同时,我们也对类似的J/ψ→ωηπ0过程进行了研究。我们在ηπ0的不变质量谱上看到在1.0GeV处有很明显的结构,与J/ψ→φηπ0不同,J/ψ→ωηπ0过程中ηπ0的不变质量谱上的结构很宽,用f0(980)→a00(980)的混合机制不能解释。对这个结构的分析得出,J/ψ→ωa00(980)的分支比为：Br=(1.31±0.10(stat.)±0.43(syst.))×10-4。此外,我们在ωη和ωπ0的不变质量谱上,分别观测到有明显的ω的激发态和b1(1235)信号。
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the elementary theory of the strong interactions. It predicts the existence of new forms of hadrons, such as glueballs, hybrids and multi-quark states. However, all the hadrons established so far consist of two or three valence quarks. Searching for new forms of hadrons in experiment is a direct test for QCD. In addition, the systematic study on the production and decay properties of new form of hadrons will provide us useful information for understanding the strong interaction. Also, it will promote the low-energy QCD greatly. The BES Ⅲ works in an energy region of2～4.6GeV, and it provides the ideal laboratory for hunting and investigating the new forms of hadrons. At present, BES Ⅲ has the largest J/ψ and ψ' data samples in the world. The main content of this thesis is to study the light hadron spectroscopy with the high statistic data sample collected by BES Ⅲ.
Some0-+,0++and2++particles are found experimentally to be candidates of new forms of hadrons. For the scalars, the a00(980) and f0(980) have been found for several decades, however their nature is still controversy. These two states, with similar masses but different isospin and decay modes, have been described as KK molecular, tetra-quark, qqg hybrid, qq meson, and so on. Tremendous efforts in both experiment and theory have been made to understand their nature. In the late1970s, theorists promoted an idea that the mixing between a00(980) and f0(980) could happen via the KK loop due to their coupling to KK. Thus, the mixing intensity might provide important information in identifying their nature.
Based on2.25×108J/ψ and1.06×108ψ' data at BES Ⅲ, the mixing inten-sities of a00(980)-f0(980) are measured from the decays of J/ψ→φf0(980)→φa00(980)→φηπ0and ψ'→γχc1,χc1→a00(980)π0→f0(980)π0→π+π-π0are introduced. The two mixing intensities f0(980)→a00(980) and a00(980)→f0(980) are defined and calculated to be:
The comparison between our results and some calculations with theoretical pa-rameters or parameters from experiment results is shown. These results are the first direct measurement of a00(980)-f0(980) mixing intensity in the world. All of them will provide essential constraint to the model development and important information in understanding the nature of a00(980) and f0(980).
Meanwhile, the similar process J/ψ→ωηπ0has been studied and introduced in this document. The obvious structure around1.0GeV on the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0is observed. Unlike the J/ψ→φηπ0process, the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0in J/ψ→ωηπ0decay is very broad that it cannot be explained by the f0(980)→a00(980) mixing mechanism. The branching ratio of J/ψ→ωwa00(980) is measured to be:Br=(1.31±0.10(stat.)±0.43(syst.)) x10-4. Besides the a00(980) on the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0, the excited ω states are also observed in the invariant mass spectrum of ωη.
实验上发现了很多0-+、0++、2++粒子,它们成为这些新型强子态的候选者。量子数为0++的粒子a00(980)和f0(980)自被发现至今已有几十年的历史,但关于其性质的讨论一直是轻强子谱研究的重要话题。这两个粒子有近似的质量,但不同的衰变模式。它们曾被描述为KK分子态、四夸克态、混杂态、qq介子等。理论方面和实验方面都为探究这两个粒子的本质展开了大量的工作。理论学家在上世纪70年代就提出由于a0(980)和f0(980)都可以耦合到KK,a00(980)和f0(980)之间可以通过KK的圈图而产生混合,因此a00(980)-f0(980)的混合强度将为理解它们的性质提供重要的实验信息。
基于BES Ⅲ上2.25×108的J/ψ和1.06×108的ψ'数据,本文从J/ψ→φf0(980)→φa00(980)→φηπ0过程和ψ'→γχc1,xc1→a00(980)π0→f0(980)π0→π+π-π0过程中对a00(980)-f0(980)混合强度进行了测量,得到a00(980)→f0(980)的混合强度和f0(980)→a00(980)的混合强度分别为：我们还将这些结果与利用理论参数或者一些实验得到的参数进行计算的混合强度结果进行了比较。这次测量是世界上首次直接测量,这些结果会为a00(980)、f0(980)理论模型的发展提供必要的限制,进而为其本质的确定提供重要信息。
同时,我们也对类似的J/ψ→ωηπ0过程进行了研究。我们在ηπ0的不变质量谱上看到在1.0GeV处有很明显的结构,与J/ψ→φηπ0不同,J/ψ→ωηπ0过程中ηπ0的不变质量谱上的结构很宽,用f0(980)→a00(980)的混合机制不能解释。对这个结构的分析得出,J/ψ→ωa00(980)的分支比为：Br=(1.31±0.10(stat.)±0.43(syst.))×10-4。此外,我们在ωη和ωπ0的不变质量谱上,分别观测到有明显的ω的激发态和b1(1235)信号。
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the elementary theory of the strong interactions. It predicts the existence of new forms of hadrons, such as glueballs, hybrids and multi-quark states. However, all the hadrons established so far consist of two or three valence quarks. Searching for new forms of hadrons in experiment is a direct test for QCD. In addition, the systematic study on the production and decay properties of new form of hadrons will provide us useful information for understanding the strong interaction. Also, it will promote the low-energy QCD greatly. The BES Ⅲ works in an energy region of2～4.6GeV, and it provides the ideal laboratory for hunting and investigating the new forms of hadrons. At present, BES Ⅲ has the largest J/ψ and ψ' data samples in the world. The main content of this thesis is to study the light hadron spectroscopy with the high statistic data sample collected by BES Ⅲ.
Some0-+,0++and2++particles are found experimentally to be candidates of new forms of hadrons. For the scalars, the a00(980) and f0(980) have been found for several decades, however their nature is still controversy. These two states, with similar masses but different isospin and decay modes, have been described as KK molecular, tetra-quark, qqg hybrid, qq meson, and so on. Tremendous efforts in both experiment and theory have been made to understand their nature. In the late1970s, theorists promoted an idea that the mixing between a00(980) and f0(980) could happen via the KK loop due to their coupling to KK. Thus, the mixing intensity might provide important information in identifying their nature.
Based on2.25×108J/ψ and1.06×108ψ' data at BES Ⅲ, the mixing inten-sities of a00(980)-f0(980) are measured from the decays of J/ψ→φf0(980)→φa00(980)→φηπ0and ψ'→γχc1,χc1→a00(980)π0→f0(980)π0→π+π-π0are introduced. The two mixing intensities f0(980)→a00(980) and a00(980)→f0(980) are defined and calculated to be:
The comparison between our results and some calculations with theoretical pa-rameters or parameters from experiment results is shown. These results are the first direct measurement of a00(980)-f0(980) mixing intensity in the world. All of them will provide essential constraint to the model development and important information in understanding the nature of a00(980) and f0(980).
Meanwhile, the similar process J/ψ→ωηπ0has been studied and introduced in this document. The obvious structure around1.0GeV on the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0is observed. Unlike the J/ψ→φηπ0process, the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0in J/ψ→ωηπ0decay is very broad that it cannot be explained by the f0(980)→a00(980) mixing mechanism. The branching ratio of J/ψ→ωwa00(980) is measured to be:Br=(1.31±0.10(stat.)±0.43(syst.)) x10-4. Besides the a00(980) on the invariant mass spectrum of ηπ0, the excited ω states are also observed in the invariant mass spectrum of ωη.
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