集装箱码头堆场作业设备选型优化研究
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摘要
在经济全球化发展的浪潮中,国际贸易量剧增,集装箱这种运输方式依靠其自身优势也得到了快速发展和完善。集装箱港口为了满足客户的需求,提高码头的运营能力及服务水平,不断地采用现代科技和新型高效的装卸设备,设备的选型及装卸工艺布置迎接新形势的挑战,因此,开展集装箱堆场机械设备选型配置优化研究,具有重要的现实意义。
本文通过研究集装箱码头堆场的作业流程和装卸机械的种类和特点,分析了堆场作业、装卸设备类型、码头装卸工艺形式等对集装箱码头堆场布置的影响,在查阅了大量文献和已有成果的基础上,针对集装箱码头的作业特点,以及设备具体运营的情况,结合目前的堆场设备选型现状,综合考虑机械效率,经济成本以及环境因素等方面,对集装箱码头堆场的设备选型和装卸工艺提出了新的思路。在与以往的选型方案的比较中,不仅涉及了成本、效率这些定量的因素,更是引入了装卸工艺的灵活性、环境影响问题、设备运营维护等定性的分析因素。利用模糊层次分析法,通过专家的经验和定量分析集合,得出最优方案的选择模型。最后,以大连大窑湾北岸即将建设的专业化集装箱码头项目为例,验证了模糊层次分析法和本文提出新型配置方案的可行性和实用性。
In the wave of economic globalization, the international trade has increased sharply. Container transportation with its own advantages has also obtained fast development and improvement. In order to meet the customers' need and improve the operational capacity and services levels of the pier, container ports are constantly seeking the use of modern technology and new and efficient loading and unloading equipments. Therefore, the selection of equipment and loading and unloading process arrangement are facing the challenges of the new situation.
In this research, the working process of the container terminal yard, and the types and characteristics of the loading and unloading machinery are investigated. And the factors, such as container yard working process, loading and unloading machinery type, loading and unloading technology form and so on, that affect the container terminal yard layout are analyzed. After examined a large amount of literature and research findings, this paper puts forward new theories on the container terminals yard equipment type selection and loading and unloading technology. Based on the operating characteristics of the container terminals, as well as the specific operation of the equipments, the new theories combine the current status quo of the container yard equipment selection, comprehensive consideration of the mechanical efficiency, economic cost and environmental factors. In comparison with the previous selection scheme, this paper not only involves the quantitative factors such as cost and efficiency, but also introduces the qualitative factors such as the flexibility of the loading and unloading technology, environmental impacts, equipment operation and maintenance issues. Therefore, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process combing with the expertise experiences and quantitative analysis are used in this paper to identify the optimal solution of the selection model. Finally, the case of the upcoming specialized container terminal project which located at the north shore of Dalian Dayao Bay is studied to testify the feasibility and practicality of the new configuration of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the optimal solution of the selection model.
本文通过研究集装箱码头堆场的作业流程和装卸机械的种类和特点,分析了堆场作业、装卸设备类型、码头装卸工艺形式等对集装箱码头堆场布置的影响,在查阅了大量文献和已有成果的基础上,针对集装箱码头的作业特点,以及设备具体运营的情况,结合目前的堆场设备选型现状,综合考虑机械效率,经济成本以及环境因素等方面,对集装箱码头堆场的设备选型和装卸工艺提出了新的思路。在与以往的选型方案的比较中,不仅涉及了成本、效率这些定量的因素,更是引入了装卸工艺的灵活性、环境影响问题、设备运营维护等定性的分析因素。利用模糊层次分析法,通过专家的经验和定量分析集合,得出最优方案的选择模型。最后,以大连大窑湾北岸即将建设的专业化集装箱码头项目为例,验证了模糊层次分析法和本文提出新型配置方案的可行性和实用性。
In the wave of economic globalization, the international trade has increased sharply. Container transportation with its own advantages has also obtained fast development and improvement. In order to meet the customers' need and improve the operational capacity and services levels of the pier, container ports are constantly seeking the use of modern technology and new and efficient loading and unloading equipments. Therefore, the selection of equipment and loading and unloading process arrangement are facing the challenges of the new situation.
In this research, the working process of the container terminal yard, and the types and characteristics of the loading and unloading machinery are investigated. And the factors, such as container yard working process, loading and unloading machinery type, loading and unloading technology form and so on, that affect the container terminal yard layout are analyzed. After examined a large amount of literature and research findings, this paper puts forward new theories on the container terminals yard equipment type selection and loading and unloading technology. Based on the operating characteristics of the container terminals, as well as the specific operation of the equipments, the new theories combine the current status quo of the container yard equipment selection, comprehensive consideration of the mechanical efficiency, economic cost and environmental factors. In comparison with the previous selection scheme, this paper not only involves the quantitative factors such as cost and efficiency, but also introduces the qualitative factors such as the flexibility of the loading and unloading technology, environmental impacts, equipment operation and maintenance issues. Therefore, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process combing with the expertise experiences and quantitative analysis are used in this paper to identify the optimal solution of the selection model. Finally, the case of the upcoming specialized container terminal project which located at the north shore of Dalian Dayao Bay is studied to testify the feasibility and practicality of the new configuration of the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the optimal solution of the selection model.
引文
[1]陶其钧.集装箱堆场机械选型配置研究[J].港口机械,2002(01)：1-6.
[2]李建忠,码头堆场龙门起重机动态配置优化模型[J].大连海事大学学报,2005,(02)：62-69.
[3]韩晓龙,丁以中.集装箱港口龙门吊配置优化研究[J].中国航海,2008(01)：6-8.
[4]赵宏光,陶其钧.模糊评价在大型集装箱码头堆场设备选型中的应用[J].中国工程机械学报,2004(07)：275-278.
[5]苏君利,大型集装箱码头堆场装卸工艺研究[J].水运工程,2006(10)：86-90.
[6]王展,混堆操作下的堆场作业量与堆区分配研究[D].上海交通大学,2011.
[7]符学葳,基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价研究和应用[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[8]王滨.南沙港一期集装箱装卸机械优化配置研究[D].上海海事大学,2005.
[9]王维圳.集装箱堆场分配问题的启发式方法研究[D].天津大学,2008.
[10]梁亮,集装箱码头装卸系统集成调度优化研究[D].上海交通大学,2010.
[11]巍玺杰.基于Agent的后方堆场机械调度模拟建模研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[12]崔华伟.龙门起重机门架结构的参数化设计[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[13]张彦斌.天津港集装箱码头堆场系统通过能力研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[14]邵莉.集装箱堆场管理[J].科技天地,2010(24)：45-47.
[15]张孝伟.天津港东疆保税港区后方堆场发展战略研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[16]张艳,韩晖.降低集装箱码头堆场翻箱率[J],集装箱化,2008,19(4)：8-9.
[17]陶经辉,汪敏.基于混堆模式的集装箱堆场区段分配[J],系统工程理论与实践,2009,(29)8：185-192.
[18]真虹,集装箱运输学[M].大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[19]杨静蕾,丁以中.集装箱码头设备配置的模拟研究[M].系统仿真学报,2003.
[20]刘文毓.穿山集装箱港区堆场设备配置的技术经济分析[D].上海海事大学,2007.
[21]杨忠.T港集装箱码头“油改电”场桥选型研究[D].大连海事大学,2009.
[22]谈超风.集装箱码头堆场资源管理优化研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[23]Saaty, T. L., The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.1980.
[24]Sheng Fu Liang;Shih-Mao Lu;Jyh-Yeong Chang;Chin-Teng Lin;Novel Two-Stage Impulse Noise Removal Technique Based on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Decision. Fuzzy Systems.2008,16,4:863-873.
[25]Zhang Ying,Shen Bi en. Application of AHP in risk assessment for project and countermeasures for risk.Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering.2009.
[26]Ludmil Mikhailov, Joshua Knowles. Priority Elicitation in the AHP by a Pareto Envelope-Based Selection Algorithm.2010,Volume 634, Part3,249-257.
[27]Saaty. T. L. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, Int. J. Services Sciences,2008, Vol.1, No.1:83-98.
[28]Valentinas Podvezko. Application of AHP technique Journal of Business Economics and Management. Journal of Business Economics and Management Volume 10, Issue2,2009:181-189.
[29]Michele Bemasconi,Christine Choirat,Raffaello Seri.A reexamination of the algebraic properties of the AHP as a ratio-scaling technique. Jornal of Mathematical Psychology.Volume 55,Issue 2,April 2011,Pages 152-165.
[30]Lawrence C. Leung,Dong Caob.On the efficacy of modeling multi-attribute decision problems using AHP and Sinarchy.European Journal of Operational Reserch.Volume 132,Issue 1,1 July 2001,Pages 39-49.
[31]San jay Sharmaa, Narayan Agrawalb. Selection of a pull production control policy under different demand situations for a manufacturing system by AHP-algorithm. Computers and Operations Research.Volume36, Issue 5, May 2009:1622-1632.
[32]宋剑,模糊层次分析法在国际航运投资决策中的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[33]侯彤璋,集装箱码头堆场系统通过能力研究[D],大连海事大学,2009.
[34]彭少海,集装箱码头出口箱堆存问题研究[D],大连海事大学,2010.
[35]王超峰,集装箱轨道龙门起重机及关键技术研究[D].武汉理工大学.
[36]李艳丽,集装箱码头新型装卸工艺与平面布置关键问题研究[D],武汉理工大学,2010.
[37]李海波,刘晋川,梁熠.空箱堆场起重装卸设备选型探讨[J].水运工程,2010(02)：125-128.
[38]刘善平.港口集装箱装卸工艺系统研究[J].科技资讯.2011(28)：93-96.
[39]Baturkin, Volodymyr.Micro-satellites thermal control-concepts and components. Acta Astronautica.2005,56(2):161-170.
[40]郑全成,运输与包装,[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[41]路建成,李正红.集装箱运输队港口发展趋势的影响,中国港口,2003(3)：24-25.
[42]肖青,港口规划[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[43]王宇,大连港装卸设备合理配置研究[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[44]郭媚,集装箱码头堆场优化管理研究[D].大连海事大学,2006.
[45]彭传圣,汉堡港的自动化集装箱码头,集装箱化,2005(2)：21-23.
[46]罗先渝,集装箱堆场计算机管理系统,集装箱化,2000(9)：24-25.
[47]田德良,常大勇.模糊层次分析法及其在优化建材连锁配送方案中的应用[J].运筹与管理.Sept.,1998.Vol.7,No.3：43-50.
[2]李建忠,码头堆场龙门起重机动态配置优化模型[J].大连海事大学学报,2005,(02)：62-69.
[3]韩晓龙,丁以中.集装箱港口龙门吊配置优化研究[J].中国航海,2008(01)：6-8.
[4]赵宏光,陶其钧.模糊评价在大型集装箱码头堆场设备选型中的应用[J].中国工程机械学报,2004(07)：275-278.
[5]苏君利,大型集装箱码头堆场装卸工艺研究[J].水运工程,2006(10)：86-90.
[6]王展,混堆操作下的堆场作业量与堆区分配研究[D].上海交通大学,2011.
[7]符学葳,基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价研究和应用[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[8]王滨.南沙港一期集装箱装卸机械优化配置研究[D].上海海事大学,2005.
[9]王维圳.集装箱堆场分配问题的启发式方法研究[D].天津大学,2008.
[10]梁亮,集装箱码头装卸系统集成调度优化研究[D].上海交通大学,2010.
[11]巍玺杰.基于Agent的后方堆场机械调度模拟建模研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[12]崔华伟.龙门起重机门架结构的参数化设计[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[13]张彦斌.天津港集装箱码头堆场系统通过能力研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[14]邵莉.集装箱堆场管理[J].科技天地,2010(24)：45-47.
[15]张孝伟.天津港东疆保税港区后方堆场发展战略研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[16]张艳,韩晖.降低集装箱码头堆场翻箱率[J],集装箱化,2008,19(4)：8-9.
[17]陶经辉,汪敏.基于混堆模式的集装箱堆场区段分配[J],系统工程理论与实践,2009,(29)8：185-192.
[18]真虹,集装箱运输学[M].大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[19]杨静蕾,丁以中.集装箱码头设备配置的模拟研究[M].系统仿真学报,2003.
[20]刘文毓.穿山集装箱港区堆场设备配置的技术经济分析[D].上海海事大学,2007.
[21]杨忠.T港集装箱码头“油改电”场桥选型研究[D].大连海事大学,2009.
[22]谈超风.集装箱码头堆场资源管理优化研究[D].大连海事大学,2010.
[23]Saaty, T. L., The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw-Hill, New York.1980.
[24]Sheng Fu Liang;Shih-Mao Lu;Jyh-Yeong Chang;Chin-Teng Lin;Novel Two-Stage Impulse Noise Removal Technique Based on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Decision. Fuzzy Systems.2008,16,4:863-873.
[25]Zhang Ying,Shen Bi en. Application of AHP in risk assessment for project and countermeasures for risk.Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering.2009.
[26]Ludmil Mikhailov, Joshua Knowles. Priority Elicitation in the AHP by a Pareto Envelope-Based Selection Algorithm.2010,Volume 634, Part3,249-257.
[27]Saaty. T. L. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, Int. J. Services Sciences,2008, Vol.1, No.1:83-98.
[28]Valentinas Podvezko. Application of AHP technique Journal of Business Economics and Management. Journal of Business Economics and Management Volume 10, Issue2,2009:181-189.
[29]Michele Bemasconi,Christine Choirat,Raffaello Seri.A reexamination of the algebraic properties of the AHP as a ratio-scaling technique. Jornal of Mathematical Psychology.Volume 55,Issue 2,April 2011,Pages 152-165.
[30]Lawrence C. Leung,Dong Caob.On the efficacy of modeling multi-attribute decision problems using AHP and Sinarchy.European Journal of Operational Reserch.Volume 132,Issue 1,1 July 2001,Pages 39-49.
[31]San jay Sharmaa, Narayan Agrawalb. Selection of a pull production control policy under different demand situations for a manufacturing system by AHP-algorithm. Computers and Operations Research.Volume36, Issue 5, May 2009:1622-1632.
[32]宋剑,模糊层次分析法在国际航运投资决策中的应用研究[D].大连海事大学,2008.
[33]侯彤璋,集装箱码头堆场系统通过能力研究[D],大连海事大学,2009.
[34]彭少海,集装箱码头出口箱堆存问题研究[D],大连海事大学,2010.
[35]王超峰,集装箱轨道龙门起重机及关键技术研究[D].武汉理工大学.
[36]李艳丽,集装箱码头新型装卸工艺与平面布置关键问题研究[D],武汉理工大学,2010.
[37]李海波,刘晋川,梁熠.空箱堆场起重装卸设备选型探讨[J].水运工程,2010(02)：125-128.
[38]刘善平.港口集装箱装卸工艺系统研究[J].科技资讯.2011(28)：93-96.
[39]Baturkin, Volodymyr.Micro-satellites thermal control-concepts and components. Acta Astronautica.2005,56(2):161-170.
[40]郑全成,运输与包装,[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[41]路建成,李正红.集装箱运输队港口发展趋势的影响,中国港口,2003(3)：24-25.
[42]肖青,港口规划[M].大连：大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[43]王宇,大连港装卸设备合理配置研究[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[44]郭媚,集装箱码头堆场优化管理研究[D].大连海事大学,2006.
[45]彭传圣,汉堡港的自动化集装箱码头,集装箱化,2005(2)：21-23.
[46]罗先渝,集装箱堆场计算机管理系统,集装箱化,2000(9)：24-25.
[47]田德良,常大勇.模糊层次分析法及其在优化建材连锁配送方案中的应用[J].运筹与管理.Sept.,1998.Vol.7,No.3：43-50.