集装箱多式联运发展研究
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摘要
交通运输的发展遵循着从低级向高级、从粗放向集约、从慢速向高速、从单一一种运输方式向多种运输方式协调发展的渐进过程。而集装箱多式联运则是交通运输发展的一个高级阶段,它是在发达国家经济发展的后工业化背景下,以及在基础设施较为齐全、综合运输体系不断完善的基础上形成与发展起来的。长期以来,我国的交通运输制约着国民经济的发展。由于我国交通基础设施不完善,部门条块分割,没有一个统一的综合运输统筹部门,形成与发展集装箱多式联运所面临的困难和挑战是非常大的,影响因素也是非常复杂的。
在此背景下,本文通过分析集装箱多式联运的形成机理以及各运输方式的技术经济特性,以期为各运输方式的真正组合优化和集装箱多式联运的发展提供理论依据和发展思路。文章以理论与实际相结合的方法,在回顾和分析国内外集装箱多式联运理论研究现状和实践发展现状的基础上,指出宏观经济和微观经济的共同作用促进了集装箱多式联运的形成,与外界交换大量物质和能量的集装箱多式联运系统具有开放性、非线性、非平衡性和涨落性等明显的耗散结构特征。集装箱多式联运中的各运输方式具有不同的技术经济特性,集装箱多式联运通过将各运输方式有机地组合在一起,使规模化的宏观经济效益得以实现。论文以集装箱多式联运路径的选择以及运输方式的选择作为集装箱多式联运决策的分析对象,用定量的方法对集装箱多式联运的组合优化建立数学模型并运用到具体的案例当中。论文最后通过政府层面和企业层面两个角度阐述了发展我国集装箱多式联运的途径。
Transport development which is a gradual process follows the discipline as below:from the low-level to high-level, from extensive to intensive, from slow speed to high speed, from a single kind of mode of transport to the cooperation of a variety of modes of transport. The container multimodal transport is an advanced stage which was formed and developed in developed countries on the basis of the post-industralization, the relatively complete infrastructure, the perfect integrated transport system. For a long time, the transport of China restricts the national economy. To form and develop container multimodal are facing enormous difficulties and challenges and have complex impact factors because of the inadequate infrastructure, fragmented sectors, no single integrated transport co-ordination department.
In this context, this paper is expected to provide a theoretical basis and development ideas for the truly combinatorial optimization and the container multimodal transport's development, through the deeply analysis of the formation mechanism of container multimodal transport, as well as the technical and economic characteristics of all modes of transportation.The paper reviews and analyzes the theoretical study and practical development of multimodal transport at home and abroad with the combination of theory and practical method, then points out that the common macro-and micro-economic promote the formation of container multimodal transport. The container multimodal transport system which exchanges a large number of materials and energy with outside has such obvious dissipative structure characteristics of open, non-linear, non-equilibrium and fluctuations. All modes of transport in container multimodal transport have different technical and economic characteristics, and large-scale macro-economic benefits can be achieved by way of the organically combination of all modes of transport.
The paper uses the objects of transportation and transportation routes to analyzes the container multimodal transport decision-making, and then establishes a mathematical modal for the combinatorial optimization with a quantitative approach and applies it to a specific case. Finally the dissertation elaborates the way to develop our country's container multimodal transport through the perspectives of government level and enterprise level.
在此背景下,本文通过分析集装箱多式联运的形成机理以及各运输方式的技术经济特性,以期为各运输方式的真正组合优化和集装箱多式联运的发展提供理论依据和发展思路。文章以理论与实际相结合的方法,在回顾和分析国内外集装箱多式联运理论研究现状和实践发展现状的基础上,指出宏观经济和微观经济的共同作用促进了集装箱多式联运的形成,与外界交换大量物质和能量的集装箱多式联运系统具有开放性、非线性、非平衡性和涨落性等明显的耗散结构特征。集装箱多式联运中的各运输方式具有不同的技术经济特性,集装箱多式联运通过将各运输方式有机地组合在一起,使规模化的宏观经济效益得以实现。论文以集装箱多式联运路径的选择以及运输方式的选择作为集装箱多式联运决策的分析对象,用定量的方法对集装箱多式联运的组合优化建立数学模型并运用到具体的案例当中。论文最后通过政府层面和企业层面两个角度阐述了发展我国集装箱多式联运的途径。
Transport development which is a gradual process follows the discipline as below:from the low-level to high-level, from extensive to intensive, from slow speed to high speed, from a single kind of mode of transport to the cooperation of a variety of modes of transport. The container multimodal transport is an advanced stage which was formed and developed in developed countries on the basis of the post-industralization, the relatively complete infrastructure, the perfect integrated transport system. For a long time, the transport of China restricts the national economy. To form and develop container multimodal are facing enormous difficulties and challenges and have complex impact factors because of the inadequate infrastructure, fragmented sectors, no single integrated transport co-ordination department.
In this context, this paper is expected to provide a theoretical basis and development ideas for the truly combinatorial optimization and the container multimodal transport's development, through the deeply analysis of the formation mechanism of container multimodal transport, as well as the technical and economic characteristics of all modes of transportation.The paper reviews and analyzes the theoretical study and practical development of multimodal transport at home and abroad with the combination of theory and practical method, then points out that the common macro-and micro-economic promote the formation of container multimodal transport. The container multimodal transport system which exchanges a large number of materials and energy with outside has such obvious dissipative structure characteristics of open, non-linear, non-equilibrium and fluctuations. All modes of transport in container multimodal transport have different technical and economic characteristics, and large-scale macro-economic benefits can be achieved by way of the organically combination of all modes of transport.
The paper uses the objects of transportation and transportation routes to analyzes the container multimodal transport decision-making, and then establishes a mathematical modal for the combinatorial optimization with a quantitative approach and applies it to a specific case. Finally the dissertation elaborates the way to develop our country's container multimodal transport through the perspectives of government level and enterprise level.
引文
[1]荣朝和.论运输化[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1993：63-65
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.200 1-2008年公路水路交通运输行业发展统计公报[EB／OL]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/tongj ixinxi/fenxigongbao/tongjigongbao/,2002-01-01/20 09-04-29
[3]王稼琼.联运发展论[M].北京：中国民航出版社,1995：3-4
[4]PIET H.L. BOVY*&SASCHA HOOGENDOORN-LANSER.Modelling route choice behavior in multimodal transport networks.Transportation,2005,32:341-368
[5]DENNIS RONDINELLI, MICHAEL BERRY. Multimodal Transportation, Logistics, and the Environment:Managing Interactions in a Global Economy. European Management Journal Vol.18, No.4,398-410,2000
[6]Bas Groothedde, Cees Ruijgrok,Lo'ri Tavasszy. Towards collaborative, intermodal hub networks-A case study in the fast moving consumer goods market. Transportation Research Part E,2005 (41):567-583
[7]Hong K.Lo*, C.W. Yip,K.H. Wan. Modeling transfer and non-linear fare structure in multi-modal network. Transportation Research Part B,2003 (37):149-170
[8]E.Kozan. Optimising Container Transfers at Multimodal Terminals.Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2000,(31):235-243
[9]许庆斌,荣朝和,马运等.运输经济学导论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995：74-76
[10]泉水.多式联运讲座第一讲：集装箱运输与多式联运[J].集装箱化,2002(12)：36-39
[11]傅占勇.多式联运有关问题的研究及其运作[J].铁道货运,2002(3)：18-21
[12]张孝伟.多式联运承运人若干问题[J].集装箱化,2007(11)：19-20
[13]李芙蓉.多式联运经营人的法律地位.对外经贸实务.2004(8)：5-7
[14]吴克林.无船承运人法律制度浅析[J].中国水运,2003(5)：6-8
[15]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运的协调问题上[J].集装箱化,2000(2)
[16]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运的协调问题下[J].集装箱化,2000(3)
[17]施俊庆.集装箱无缝运输理论与方法的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007
[18]孙巍.基于协同的集装箱多式联运组织协调计划研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[19]叶清、郁振伟.改进最短路经算法在最佳航线选择中的应用[J].中国航海,2003(2)：15-17
[20]武振业,宋天生,赵柯.海运集装箱运输路经选择[N].西南交通大学学报,2006(6),41(3)：29-272
[21]张建勇、郭耀煌.一种多式联运网络的最优分配模式研究[J].铁道学报.2004(4)：8-11
[22]吴文一.航运联盟下的集装箱运输路径选择研究[D].上海：上海海事大学,2004.
[23]王松文.中转路径管理在船公司经营活动中的重要性[J].集装箱化,2002(9)：9-10
[24]王文波.黑龙江省集装箱公水联运优化研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2008.
[25]高媛丽.东北地区集装箱多式联运通道发展分析[D].大连：大连海事大学,2004
[26]王文洁.简论我国国际集装箱多式联运的现状与发展[J].企业家天地下半月刊(理论版),2007(10)：9-10
[27]周刚.浅析发展多式联运[J].物流科技,2007,2：99-100
[28]魏际刚,荣朝和.中国集装箱多式联运发展的宏观经济因素分析[J].中国软科学,2000,8：40-43
[29]张戎,黄科.多式联运发展趋势及我国的对策[J].综合运输,2007(10)：66-69
[30]魏际刚,荣朝和.集装箱多式联运与综合物流系统形成与发展机理的微观经济分析[J].物流技术,1999,5：28-30
[31]钱德勒.战略与结构[M].云南：云南人民出版社,2002：122-124
[32]湛垦华.普里高津与耗散结构理论[M].陕西：陕西人民出版社,1982：55-58
[33]高家驹.综合运输概论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1993.5
[34]董焰.我国综合交通运输的效率、效益及管理体制问题.中国工程院第32场工程科技论坛论文集[C].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2004：25-26
[35]沈志云,杜文.交通运输工程学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002：3-4
[36]周三多,陈传明,鲁明泓.管理学—原理与方法[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2003,11：238-239
[37]马天山.现代物流基础[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004：57-59
[38]Guelat J. A multimode multiproduct network assignment model for strategic planning of freight flows[J]. Transportation Science,1990(1):25-39
[39]马天山,穆毅.新丝绸之路开展国际多式联运的障碍及对策[J].综合运输,2005(4)
[40]马天山.道路快速货运组织方式[J].长安大学学报,2003(3)
[41]朱晓宁.集装箱运输与多式联运[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2005
[42]颜泽贤.耗散结构与系统演进[M].福建：福建人民出版社,1987
[43]邓英淘.动态经济系统的调节与演化[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1985
[44]高更君,黄卫.考虑时间因素的运输方式选择问题[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2001
[45]蒋正雄,刘鼎铭.集装箱运输学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[46]王海平.中国集装箱运输发展[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002
[47]马天山.交通运输与能源和环境战略研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2008(4)
[48]陈贻龙,邵振一主编.运输经济学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[49]吴群琪.交通运输系统价值分析理论研究[D].西安：长安大学,2000
[50]王涛.一种多式联运网络运输方式的组合优化模式[J].中国工程科学,2005(10)
[51]朱晓宁.集装箱多式联运通道规划理论与方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002
[52]罗仁坚.现代综合运输体系的发展思路[J].宏观经济管理.2004.2
[53]Hemohill,Thomas. A"Corporate Governance, Strategic Philanthropy,and Public Policy"Business Horizons[J].1999
[54]H.Igor Ansoff. Strategic Management of Technology [J] Journal of Business Strategy 7, 1997
[55]John T.Mnetzer etc,Defining Supply Chain Management.Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.22,2001
[56]S.M.Bateni,S.M.Borghei,D.-S.Jeng.Neural network and neuro-fuzzy assessments for scour depth around bridge piers [J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2007,20(3)
[2]中华人民共和国交通部.200 1-2008年公路水路交通运输行业发展统计公报[EB／OL]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/tongj ixinxi/fenxigongbao/tongjigongbao/,2002-01-01/20 09-04-29
[3]王稼琼.联运发展论[M].北京：中国民航出版社,1995：3-4
[4]PIET H.L. BOVY*&SASCHA HOOGENDOORN-LANSER.Modelling route choice behavior in multimodal transport networks.Transportation,2005,32:341-368
[5]DENNIS RONDINELLI, MICHAEL BERRY. Multimodal Transportation, Logistics, and the Environment:Managing Interactions in a Global Economy. European Management Journal Vol.18, No.4,398-410,2000
[6]Bas Groothedde, Cees Ruijgrok,Lo'ri Tavasszy. Towards collaborative, intermodal hub networks-A case study in the fast moving consumer goods market. Transportation Research Part E,2005 (41):567-583
[7]Hong K.Lo*, C.W. Yip,K.H. Wan. Modeling transfer and non-linear fare structure in multi-modal network. Transportation Research Part B,2003 (37):149-170
[8]E.Kozan. Optimising Container Transfers at Multimodal Terminals.Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2000,(31):235-243
[9]许庆斌,荣朝和,马运等.运输经济学导论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995：74-76
[10]泉水.多式联运讲座第一讲：集装箱运输与多式联运[J].集装箱化,2002(12)：36-39
[11]傅占勇.多式联运有关问题的研究及其运作[J].铁道货运,2002(3)：18-21
[12]张孝伟.多式联运承运人若干问题[J].集装箱化,2007(11)：19-20
[13]李芙蓉.多式联运经营人的法律地位.对外经贸实务.2004(8)：5-7
[14]吴克林.无船承运人法律制度浅析[J].中国水运,2003(5)：6-8
[15]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运的协调问题上[J].集装箱化,2000(2)
[16]魏际刚,荣朝和.我国集装箱多式联运的协调问题下[J].集装箱化,2000(3)
[17]施俊庆.集装箱无缝运输理论与方法的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007
[18]孙巍.基于协同的集装箱多式联运组织协调计划研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[19]叶清、郁振伟.改进最短路经算法在最佳航线选择中的应用[J].中国航海,2003(2)：15-17
[20]武振业,宋天生,赵柯.海运集装箱运输路经选择[N].西南交通大学学报,2006(6),41(3)：29-272
[21]张建勇、郭耀煌.一种多式联运网络的最优分配模式研究[J].铁道学报.2004(4)：8-11
[22]吴文一.航运联盟下的集装箱运输路径选择研究[D].上海：上海海事大学,2004.
[23]王松文.中转路径管理在船公司经营活动中的重要性[J].集装箱化,2002(9)：9-10
[24]王文波.黑龙江省集装箱公水联运优化研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2008.
[25]高媛丽.东北地区集装箱多式联运通道发展分析[D].大连：大连海事大学,2004
[26]王文洁.简论我国国际集装箱多式联运的现状与发展[J].企业家天地下半月刊(理论版),2007(10)：9-10
[27]周刚.浅析发展多式联运[J].物流科技,2007,2：99-100
[28]魏际刚,荣朝和.中国集装箱多式联运发展的宏观经济因素分析[J].中国软科学,2000,8：40-43
[29]张戎,黄科.多式联运发展趋势及我国的对策[J].综合运输,2007(10)：66-69
[30]魏际刚,荣朝和.集装箱多式联运与综合物流系统形成与发展机理的微观经济分析[J].物流技术,1999,5：28-30
[31]钱德勒.战略与结构[M].云南：云南人民出版社,2002：122-124
[32]湛垦华.普里高津与耗散结构理论[M].陕西：陕西人民出版社,1982：55-58
[33]高家驹.综合运输概论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社.1993.5
[34]董焰.我国综合交通运输的效率、效益及管理体制问题.中国工程院第32场工程科技论坛论文集[C].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2004：25-26
[35]沈志云,杜文.交通运输工程学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002：3-4
[36]周三多,陈传明,鲁明泓.管理学—原理与方法[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2003,11：238-239
[37]马天山.现代物流基础[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004：57-59
[38]Guelat J. A multimode multiproduct network assignment model for strategic planning of freight flows[J]. Transportation Science,1990(1):25-39
[39]马天山,穆毅.新丝绸之路开展国际多式联运的障碍及对策[J].综合运输,2005(4)
[40]马天山.道路快速货运组织方式[J].长安大学学报,2003(3)
[41]朱晓宁.集装箱运输与多式联运[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2005
[42]颜泽贤.耗散结构与系统演进[M].福建：福建人民出版社,1987
[43]邓英淘.动态经济系统的调节与演化[M].成都：四川人民出版社,1985
[44]高更君,黄卫.考虑时间因素的运输方式选择问题[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2001
[45]蒋正雄,刘鼎铭.集装箱运输学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[46]王海平.中国集装箱运输发展[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002
[47]马天山.交通运输与能源和环境战略研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2008(4)
[48]陈贻龙,邵振一主编.运输经济学[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[49]吴群琪.交通运输系统价值分析理论研究[D].西安：长安大学,2000
[50]王涛.一种多式联运网络运输方式的组合优化模式[J].中国工程科学,2005(10)
[51]朱晓宁.集装箱多式联运通道规划理论与方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002
[52]罗仁坚.现代综合运输体系的发展思路[J].宏观经济管理.2004.2
[53]Hemohill,Thomas. A"Corporate Governance, Strategic Philanthropy,and Public Policy"Business Horizons[J].1999
[54]H.Igor Ansoff. Strategic Management of Technology [J] Journal of Business Strategy 7, 1997
[55]John T.Mnetzer etc,Defining Supply Chain Management.Journal of Business Logistics,Vol.22,2001
[56]S.M.Bateni,S.M.Borghei,D.-S.Jeng.Neural network and neuro-fuzzy assessments for scour depth around bridge piers [J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2007,20(3)