隧道跨度对围岩支护需求的影响分析
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摘要
随着我国高等级多车道公路建设的发展,特大断面大跨度隧道越来越多。但是,我国现行的公路隧道规范只提供了三车道和两车道隧道复合式衬砌的设计参数,目前,四车道公路隧道在设计和施工时一般是借鉴三车道公路隧道的设计理论和施工方法,以及已建相似工程的资料,由此可能造成支护不力等严重问题。本文通过理论研究、经验方法和数值分析等手段研究了隧道跨度对围岩支护需求的影响,主要工作包括以下几个方面的内容:
①分析了隧道围岩受力特征受跨度的影响,通过理论分析及数值模拟重点研究了应力重分布情况随跨度的变化规律。并对支护压力随跨度的变化考虑深埋隧道和浅埋隧道两种情况分别进行了分析。
②在综述国内外锚喷支护参数经验方法的基础上,总结了锚喷支护参数取值与跨度之间的关系,并提出了对现行技术规范的修正意见;在围岩分级的基础上,利用弹塑性有限元法研究了三种级别围岩中不同跨度隧道的锚喷支护效果。
③以白鹤咀城市公路隧道为工程实例,通过监控量测和施工过程的数值模拟分析了隧道支护方案的合理性。验证了本文研究成果在实际工程中的可行性。
④研究了同级围岩不同跨度隧道开挖方法的选择与跨度之间的关系,总结了适合四车道公路隧道的开挖方法。对大跨度隧道的设计与施工提出了合理的建议。
本论文的研究成果对大跨度隧道的优化设计和安全施工提供了理论指导,对保证施工安全以及提高设计针对性方面具有重要的工程实践意义。
With the fast development of highway in our country, more and more large-span tunnels have been constructed. However only the support parameters of three lane and two lane road tunnel are included in Tunnel Standard Graduation Method .The four lane road tunnel just can be designed by analogy of large-span tunnel having been constructed at present. Much problem arises, for example, incorrect design and so on .The paper uses theoretical study, empirical method and numerical analysis to analyze the influence of tunnel span on the support requirement of surrounding rock, the main work of this paper are summed up as follows:
①It analyzed that the stress characteristics of surrounding rock changes with tunnel spans. It is mainly the change of redistribution stress after excavating with different spans. Then it analyzed the change of support pressure with span. Deep-buried and shallow tunnels are analyzed respectively.
②Based on empirical methods of bolt-shotcrete support at home and abroad. The relationships between bolt-shotcrete support parameters and span are summarized. Supplementary formulas to current technical specification are suggested. On the basis of classification of surrounding rock, the bolt-shotcrete support effect is also studied using the finite element analysis method.
③Studying the case of BaiHezui urban highway tunnel, the supporting schemes of two computation cross-sections with different spans are analyzed using analysis of monitoring data and the finite element analysis method .It verified partial research results of this paper.
④New Austrian Tunneling Method is frequently used all over the world recently. The relationship between the selecting of tunnel excavation method in the same rock mass and tunnel span is studied. Tunnel excavation methods of the four lane road tunnel are summarized.
This paper concerns designing and construction of tunnel. It provides a theoretical guidance to optimum design and construction safety. So, the paper has important meaning for engineering practice.
①分析了隧道围岩受力特征受跨度的影响,通过理论分析及数值模拟重点研究了应力重分布情况随跨度的变化规律。并对支护压力随跨度的变化考虑深埋隧道和浅埋隧道两种情况分别进行了分析。
②在综述国内外锚喷支护参数经验方法的基础上,总结了锚喷支护参数取值与跨度之间的关系,并提出了对现行技术规范的修正意见;在围岩分级的基础上,利用弹塑性有限元法研究了三种级别围岩中不同跨度隧道的锚喷支护效果。
③以白鹤咀城市公路隧道为工程实例,通过监控量测和施工过程的数值模拟分析了隧道支护方案的合理性。验证了本文研究成果在实际工程中的可行性。
④研究了同级围岩不同跨度隧道开挖方法的选择与跨度之间的关系,总结了适合四车道公路隧道的开挖方法。对大跨度隧道的设计与施工提出了合理的建议。
本论文的研究成果对大跨度隧道的优化设计和安全施工提供了理论指导,对保证施工安全以及提高设计针对性方面具有重要的工程实践意义。
With the fast development of highway in our country, more and more large-span tunnels have been constructed. However only the support parameters of three lane and two lane road tunnel are included in Tunnel Standard Graduation Method .The four lane road tunnel just can be designed by analogy of large-span tunnel having been constructed at present. Much problem arises, for example, incorrect design and so on .The paper uses theoretical study, empirical method and numerical analysis to analyze the influence of tunnel span on the support requirement of surrounding rock, the main work of this paper are summed up as follows:
①It analyzed that the stress characteristics of surrounding rock changes with tunnel spans. It is mainly the change of redistribution stress after excavating with different spans. Then it analyzed the change of support pressure with span. Deep-buried and shallow tunnels are analyzed respectively.
②Based on empirical methods of bolt-shotcrete support at home and abroad. The relationships between bolt-shotcrete support parameters and span are summarized. Supplementary formulas to current technical specification are suggested. On the basis of classification of surrounding rock, the bolt-shotcrete support effect is also studied using the finite element analysis method.
③Studying the case of BaiHezui urban highway tunnel, the supporting schemes of two computation cross-sections with different spans are analyzed using analysis of monitoring data and the finite element analysis method .It verified partial research results of this paper.
④New Austrian Tunneling Method is frequently used all over the world recently. The relationship between the selecting of tunnel excavation method in the same rock mass and tunnel span is studied. Tunnel excavation methods of the four lane road tunnel are summarized.
This paper concerns designing and construction of tunnel. It provides a theoretical guidance to optimum design and construction safety. So, the paper has important meaning for engineering practice.
引文
[1]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[2]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道建设技术的现状及展望[J].交通世界,2003,Z1:22-27.
[3]谢东武.特大断面大跨隧道断面形式和支护参数优化[D].上海:同济大学申请硕士学位论文, 2007.
[4]刘新荣,孙翔,蒋树屏,张永兴.四车道公路隧道特点及其所需解决的几个问题[J].地下空间,2003,23(4):437-439.
[5]李文江,大跨度隧道研究[M].西南交通大学硕士论文.2002.7.
[6]奚春雷,朱浮声,王述红,杜轩.韩家岭大跨度浅埋隧道开挖方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2461-2463.
[7]王明年,何川等.三车道隧道模型试验研究及有限元分析[J].公路,1995(9).
[8]王明年,关宝树等.三车道公路隧道在不同构造应力作用下的力学行为研究[J].岩土工程学报,1998(1).
[9]黄伦海,刘伟,刘新荣.单洞四车道公路隧道开挖的模型试验[J].地下空间,2004 (4)
[10]蒋树屏,黄伦海,胡学兵.超大断面公路隧道的设计与研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1):54-61.
[11] E.Hoek, E.T.Brown. Underground Excavation in Rock [M].Published by the institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980.
[12] Terzaghi K. Rock defects and load on tunnel supports. introduction to Rock Tunnelling with Steel Supports[J], R.V. Proctor and T.C.White, Youngstown,Ohio,U.S.A., Commercial Shearing and Stamping (1946) .
[13] Barton,N.,Lien,R.,Lunde,J.,1974.Analysis of Rock Mass Quality and Support Practice in Tunnelling, and a Guide for Estimating Support Reqirements[J], Report by NGI, June.
[14] Singh, Bhawani, Jethwa,J.L.,Dube,A.K.,Singh,B.,1992.Correlation between observed pressure and rock mass quality[J].Tunnelling Underground Space Technol.7(1),59-74.
[15] Goel,R.K.,Jethwa,J.L.,Paithankar,A.G.,1995.Indian experiences with Q and RMR systems[J]. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol.10(1),97-109.
[16] Bhasin.R.,Grimstad,E.,1996.The Use of Stress-Strength Relationship in the Assessment of Tunnel Stability[J]. Proc. Recent Advances in Tunnelling Technology, New Delhi, India.
[17]公路隧道设计规范[S]. JTG D70-2004.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[18]周建民,金丰年等.洞室跨度对围岩分类影响探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增):303- 305.
[19]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[20] R.施查克等著.张卫国,吴红译.[挪威]锚杆支护实用手册[M].煤炭工业出版社,1990.
[21]锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范[S].GB 50086-2001.北京:中国计划出版社,2001.
[22] R.E.古德曼著.王鸿儒,王宏硕等译.岩石力学原理及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[23]刘佑荣,唐辉明编著.岩体力学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.
[24] E.Hoek,E.T.Brown著.连志升,田良灿,王维德等译.岩石地下工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986.
[25]高谦等.地下工程系统分析与设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[26]张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[27]张庆贺.地下工程[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[28]王晓形.浅埋洞室围岩压力若干问题研究[D].上海:同济大学申请硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008
[30] BieniawskiZ T.Engineering Rock Mass Classification[M].Znc John Wiley&Sons, 1989.1-105.
[31]沈明荣.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[32]徐干成等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[33]美国土木工程师学会主编.长沙矿山研究院四室情报室译.地层支护中的喷射混凝土(喷射混凝土国际会议文集)(第二集)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1977.
[34]郑颖人.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[35]李晓红.隧道新奥法及其量测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[36]谢圣纲.大跨度隧道施工围岩稳定性及可靠度研究[D].重庆:重庆大学申请硕士学位论文, 2006.
[37]于海龙.四车道公路隧道断面形状和施工方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学申请硕士学位论文,2006.
[38]铁道部工程设计鉴定中心编著.高速铁路隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.
[39]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[40]蒋树屏,刘洪洲,鲜学福.大跨度扁坦隧道动态施工的相似模拟与数值分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):567-572.
[41]铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范[S].TB 10108-2002 J159-2002.北京:中国铁道出版社.2003.
[42]岩石地下建筑结构[M],重庆大学油印教材,2001.
[43]杨桂通.弹塑性力学引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[44]陶振宇,潘别桐.岩石力学原理与方法[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1990.
[45]曲海锋,杨重存,朱合华,王华牢,杨彦民.公路隧道围岩压力研究与发展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):536-543.
[46]毕继红,丛蓉.各种形状洞室的围岩压力分析[J].地下空间,2004,24(1):23-26.
[47]朱汉华,尚岳全等.公路隧道设计和施工新法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[48]林同棪国际（重庆）工程咨询有限公司.金渝大道(中环快速干道经开园段)工程白鹤咀隧道两阶段施工图设计文件.重庆:林同棪国际（重庆）工程咨询有限公司，2004.
[49]重庆市勘测院.重庆中环快速干道经开园段工程地质勘察报告.重庆:重庆市勘测院,2003.
[50] Goel R. K., J.L.Jethwa and B.B.Dhar (1996) Effect of Tunnel Size on Support Pressure. Rock Mechanics[J].vol.33(7), pp. 749-755.
[51] Bhawani Singh, Goel R. K., J.L.Jethwa and A.K.Dube. (1997)Support Pressure Assessment in Arched Underground Openings through Poor Rock Masses[J]. Engineering Geology 48:59-81.
[52] Barton N., Lien R. and Lunde J. (1974) Classification of Rock Masses for the Design of Tunnel Support[J]. Rock Mechanics; Vol. 6, pp. 189-236.
[53] Zulfu Gurocak,Pranshoo Solanki,Musharraf and M.Zaman.(2007)Empirical and Numerical Analyses of Support Requirements for a Diversion Tunnel at the Boztepe Dam Site,Eastern Turkey[J].Engineering Geology91,pp.194-208.
[54] R.K.Bhasin, N.Barton, E.Grimstad, P.Chryssanthakis and F.P.Shende.(1996) Comparison of Predicted and Measured Performance of a Large Cavern in the Himalayas[J]. Rock Mechanics; Vol.33( 6), pp. 607-626.
[2]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道建设技术的现状及展望[J].交通世界,2003,Z1:22-27.
[3]谢东武.特大断面大跨隧道断面形式和支护参数优化[D].上海:同济大学申请硕士学位论文, 2007.
[4]刘新荣,孙翔,蒋树屏,张永兴.四车道公路隧道特点及其所需解决的几个问题[J].地下空间,2003,23(4):437-439.
[5]李文江,大跨度隧道研究[M].西南交通大学硕士论文.2002.7.
[6]奚春雷,朱浮声,王述红,杜轩.韩家岭大跨度浅埋隧道开挖方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增1):2461-2463.
[7]王明年,何川等.三车道隧道模型试验研究及有限元分析[J].公路,1995(9).
[8]王明年,关宝树等.三车道公路隧道在不同构造应力作用下的力学行为研究[J].岩土工程学报,1998(1).
[9]黄伦海,刘伟,刘新荣.单洞四车道公路隧道开挖的模型试验[J].地下空间,2004 (4)
[10]蒋树屏,黄伦海,胡学兵.超大断面公路隧道的设计与研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1):54-61.
[11] E.Hoek, E.T.Brown. Underground Excavation in Rock [M].Published by the institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980.
[12] Terzaghi K. Rock defects and load on tunnel supports. introduction to Rock Tunnelling with Steel Supports[J], R.V. Proctor and T.C.White, Youngstown,Ohio,U.S.A., Commercial Shearing and Stamping (1946) .
[13] Barton,N.,Lien,R.,Lunde,J.,1974.Analysis of Rock Mass Quality and Support Practice in Tunnelling, and a Guide for Estimating Support Reqirements[J], Report by NGI, June.
[14] Singh, Bhawani, Jethwa,J.L.,Dube,A.K.,Singh,B.,1992.Correlation between observed pressure and rock mass quality[J].Tunnelling Underground Space Technol.7(1),59-74.
[15] Goel,R.K.,Jethwa,J.L.,Paithankar,A.G.,1995.Indian experiences with Q and RMR systems[J]. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol.10(1),97-109.
[16] Bhasin.R.,Grimstad,E.,1996.The Use of Stress-Strength Relationship in the Assessment of Tunnel Stability[J]. Proc. Recent Advances in Tunnelling Technology, New Delhi, India.
[17]公路隧道设计规范[S]. JTG D70-2004.北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[18]周建民,金丰年等.洞室跨度对围岩分类影响探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增):303- 305.
[19]关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[20] R.施查克等著.张卫国,吴红译.[挪威]锚杆支护实用手册[M].煤炭工业出版社,1990.
[21]锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范[S].GB 50086-2001.北京:中国计划出版社,2001.
[22] R.E.古德曼著.王鸿儒,王宏硕等译.岩石力学原理及其应用[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.
[23]刘佑荣,唐辉明编著.岩体力学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999.
[24] E.Hoek,E.T.Brown著.连志升,田良灿,王维德等译.岩石地下工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986.
[25]高谦等.地下工程系统分析与设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[26]张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004.
[27]张庆贺.地下工程[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[28]王晓形.浅埋洞室围岩压力若干问题研究[D].上海:同济大学申请硕士学位论文,2006.
[29]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008
[30] BieniawskiZ T.Engineering Rock Mass Classification[M].Znc John Wiley&Sons, 1989.1-105.
[31]沈明荣.岩体力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[32]徐干成等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[33]美国土木工程师学会主编.长沙矿山研究院四室情报室译.地层支护中的喷射混凝土(喷射混凝土国际会议文集)(第二集)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1977.
[34]郑颖人.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[35]李晓红.隧道新奥法及其量测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[36]谢圣纲.大跨度隧道施工围岩稳定性及可靠度研究[D].重庆:重庆大学申请硕士学位论文, 2006.
[37]于海龙.四车道公路隧道断面形状和施工方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学申请硕士学位论文,2006.
[38]铁道部工程设计鉴定中心编著.高速铁路隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.
[39]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[40]蒋树屏,刘洪洲,鲜学福.大跨度扁坦隧道动态施工的相似模拟与数值分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):567-572.
[41]铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范[S].TB 10108-2002 J159-2002.北京:中国铁道出版社.2003.
[42]岩石地下建筑结构[M],重庆大学油印教材,2001.
[43]杨桂通.弹塑性力学引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[44]陶振宇,潘别桐.岩石力学原理与方法[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1990.
[45]曲海锋,杨重存,朱合华,王华牢,杨彦民.公路隧道围岩压力研究与发展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):536-543.
[46]毕继红,丛蓉.各种形状洞室的围岩压力分析[J].地下空间,2004,24(1):23-26.
[47]朱汉华,尚岳全等.公路隧道设计和施工新法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[48]林同棪国际（重庆）工程咨询有限公司.金渝大道(中环快速干道经开园段)工程白鹤咀隧道两阶段施工图设计文件.重庆:林同棪国际（重庆）工程咨询有限公司，2004.
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