高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理与评价研究
|
摘要
当今世界,激烈而动态的全球竞争环境和不断提升的技术发展速度与复杂性程度,导致研发风险的不断上升,使得任何企业都难以独揽全部前沿技术,从而促进了高科技产业技术创新的网络化和系统化,推动了高科技企业之间的竞争由“单个企业之争”演变成为“供应链之争”,进而升级为各个企业赖以生存的“创新生态系统”之争。所谓创新生态系统是指在一定的空间范围内技术创新复合主体与技术创新复合环境,通过创新物质、能量和信息流动而相互作用、相互依存形成的系统,在一个协作有序不断完善的创新生态系统中所有成员共同创造与获得的利益都将不断增加。但是目前国内外创新生态系统发展过程中出现的停滞、演替、衰退等问题,导致了创新资源浪费以及高科技企业经营风险加剧,保持高科技企业创新生态系统的可持续发展已成为最近几年兴起的学术热点。因此研究创新生态系统可持续发展对于促进高科技企业整合创新资源,分散创新风险,提高创新效率具有重要的现实意义。
本文从生态学和复杂系统视角切入,以高科技企业创新生态系统为研究对象,引入生态学中研究生物体之间及与环境关系的基本理论与方法,探讨了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理；构建可持续性综合生态位适宜度评价模型,评价了创新生态系统可持续性,论证了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的三个主要构成维度与机理,以期为高科技企业创新资源有效保护和持续利用提供理论与定量分析依据。全文共分七章,主要内容如下：
首先分析了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展研究的背景和意义,科学界定了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的内涵并分析了系统构成、发展动力及权变因素等。在此基础上提出了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展三个主要维度及系统可持续发展基本原理,并进一步阐述了三个维度的作用,指出了为达到系统可持续发展目标,需要对这三维度的提升机理进行深入研究。
然后围绕高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展三个主要维度,系统研究了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理。(1)高科技企业创新生态系统资源与可持续发展。主要从知识资源的角度研究系统的资源,在分析系统资源知识本质属性的基础上,构建了知识存量增长函数和知识供应链价值增值模型,利用Matlab进行模拟仿真,研究了知识增长机理和核心企业知识增值的原理。最后从产品供应链、技术供应链和服务供应链的角度分析并指出持续不断的知识资源供给是实现系统的可持续发展的重要基础因素。(2)研究高科技企业创新生态系统主体关系与可持续发展。分析了主体间基于知识资源竞合的本质、内容、特征及目的,研究了系统内外协同进化的新型关系,并运用生态学中的种群动力模型对主体竞合关系演化进行了分析,最后指出系统主体在环境变化情况下的反应变化,体现了系统主体和系统本身的自适应发展能力,这也正是系统可持续发展的重要因素之一。(3)研究高科技企业创新生态系统结构与可持续发展。分析高科技企业创新生态系统的不同系统结构类型并指出了结构在系统可持续发展过程中的功能,构建了知识网络动态演化模型对系统可持续发展的结构适应性调整与演化进行了推理,研究了基于超循环理论的系统结构演进发展原理,指出了系统结构随系统内外部环境变化的这种自组织机制正是系统可持续发展的重要因素,结构决定功能,功能决定系统能否最终实现市场需求,从而优胜劣汰,实现可持续发展。
最后,构建了评价高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展指标体系。在述评高科技企业创新生态系统评价指标体系与评价方法及生态位适宜度评价方法的基础上,指出生态位适宜度法适用于高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的评价。以我国湖南高科技企业创新生态系统为研究对象,评价了湖南高科技企业创新生态系统,从知识资源、主体关系、系统结构三个方面对高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的机制体系进行深入探讨,揭示了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理,检验和论证前文的理论观点和评价指标的合理性与有效性,并在进一步总结案例研究的结论与启示基础上,提出了相关政策建议。
In recent years, due to the intense and dynamic global competitive environment and the growing technical complexity of high-tech enterprises, any business is difficult to monopolize all the cutting-edge technology, which greatly promote technological innovation and systematic network, and bring the high-tech enterprises competition from "a single enterprise of the dispute" to become "the supply chain of the dispute", and then upgrade to the survival of various enterprises'innovation ecosystem'dispute. The so-called innovation ecosystem is an interdependent system take shape by interactions through innovative material, energy and information flows between the compound technological innovation subjects and environment in a certain space, and in a collaborative and orderly eco-innovation and continuous improvement,all members work together to create the system and access to benefits will continue to increase.But the innovation ecosystem development at home and abroad is suffering from the stagnation, succession, recession and other problems, leading to the waste of innovation resources and increased risk of high-tech business, so how to maintain the high-tech innovation ecosystem for sustainable development in recent years become to the rise of academic focus. So there is important practical significance on research of innovation ecosystem sustainable development,which promote high-tech enterprise integrate innovative resources and spread risk, increase innovation and efficiency.
From the perspective of ecology and complex systems, the study introduced the basic ecology theoretical approach and explored sustainable development mechanism and evaluation methods of high-tech innovation ecosystem. Constructed high-tech innovation system sustainability synthetic niche-fitness model established the suitability niche-fitness index system of innovation ecosystem. The evaluation results demonstrated the high-tech innovation ecosystem of the three main components of sustainable development and the mechanism and evaluation dimensions of the rationality and effectiveness. This paper is divided into seven chapters, include the research topics background, literature review, development of power, the main dimensions of the theoretical discussion and empirical research.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the research background and significance for the research of sustainable development of high-tech innovation ecosystem.Then definited the content of the sustainable development of high-tech innovation ecosystem and analysised the system structure, development of power and contingency factors. Based on these we proposed three main dimensions and mechanism of sustainable development of the high-tech enterprise innovation ecosystem. In this paper, these three dimensions play a important role of sustainable development and stability, so need this three-dimensional mechanism to enhance the degree of in-depth study.
Second, we did in-depth and systematic study of high-tech innovation ecosystem for sustainable development mechanism which focus on three main dimensions.(1) hi-tech innovation ecosystem resources and sustainable development. this paper from the perspective of knowledge resources system resources, therefore, first analyzed the essential nature of the system resources of knowledge, focusing on the knowledge and core business growth mechanism of the principle of value-added knowledge to build the knowledge stored volume growth function, use of Matlab for the simulation to study the high-tech innovation ecosystem knowledge stock growth mechanism, is incremental in terms of sustainable resource supply analysis;based on Porter's value chain model to build the knowledge supply value added chain model, in terms of resources from the sustainable supply of value-added analysis. Finally, from the aspect of product supply chain, technology, supply chain and service supply chain, we proposed this ongoing supply of knowledge resources for the system has laid an important foundation for sustainable development.(2)relationship between the subjects in high-tech innovation ecosystem and sustainable development. Firstly we analysis the nature, content,characteristics and purpose of the relationship of inter-subjective's competition and corporation which based on the knowledge resources, then, we introduced the ecology population dynamics model into the research of the system co-evolution inside and outside, finally we analysis the system response to environmental changes, reflecting the adaptive capacity of the system itself, which is an important factor for sustainable development.(3) the ecosystem structure of high-tech innovation and sustainable development. From the League of unilateral and bilateral contracts were analyzed the different types structure in details of high-tech innovation ecosystem, and pointed out its functions in the process of sustainable development. Build the dynamic evolution of knowledge networks and sustainable development model according to complex network theory to searching the reason for the system adaptation and evolution. Then based on the super-cycle theory we discussed the evolution and development of system architecture principles,which to study the system structure changes in the external environment with the system self-organization mechanism of this system is an important factor in the sustainable development, structure determines function, function of the system can ultimately determine the market demand, and withstand the market selection, survival of the fittest in order to achieve sustainable development.
Finally, we build the evaluation indicators system of high-tech innovation ecosystem of sustainable development. Based on the review of evaluation index system and evaluation methods we proposed that the eco-fitness method is fit for the evaluation of sustainable development of high-tech enterprises innovation ecosystem. Then evaluated Hunan high-tech enterprises innovation ecosystem according to this indicators system, and semiarid sustainable innovation ecosystem development mechanism in depth from the dimension of knowledge resources, subjects' relationship, system architecture. Revealing the high-tech enterprises in Hunan innovation ecosystem specific initiatives for sustainable development, testing and demonstration earlier theoretical perspectives and evaluation of the rationality and effectiveness,summarized the conclusions of case studies and inspiration, and make relevant policy recommendations.
本文从生态学和复杂系统视角切入,以高科技企业创新生态系统为研究对象,引入生态学中研究生物体之间及与环境关系的基本理论与方法,探讨了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理；构建可持续性综合生态位适宜度评价模型,评价了创新生态系统可持续性,论证了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的三个主要构成维度与机理,以期为高科技企业创新资源有效保护和持续利用提供理论与定量分析依据。全文共分七章,主要内容如下：
首先分析了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展研究的背景和意义,科学界定了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的内涵并分析了系统构成、发展动力及权变因素等。在此基础上提出了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展三个主要维度及系统可持续发展基本原理,并进一步阐述了三个维度的作用,指出了为达到系统可持续发展目标,需要对这三维度的提升机理进行深入研究。
然后围绕高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展三个主要维度,系统研究了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理。(1)高科技企业创新生态系统资源与可持续发展。主要从知识资源的角度研究系统的资源,在分析系统资源知识本质属性的基础上,构建了知识存量增长函数和知识供应链价值增值模型,利用Matlab进行模拟仿真,研究了知识增长机理和核心企业知识增值的原理。最后从产品供应链、技术供应链和服务供应链的角度分析并指出持续不断的知识资源供给是实现系统的可持续发展的重要基础因素。(2)研究高科技企业创新生态系统主体关系与可持续发展。分析了主体间基于知识资源竞合的本质、内容、特征及目的,研究了系统内外协同进化的新型关系,并运用生态学中的种群动力模型对主体竞合关系演化进行了分析,最后指出系统主体在环境变化情况下的反应变化,体现了系统主体和系统本身的自适应发展能力,这也正是系统可持续发展的重要因素之一。(3)研究高科技企业创新生态系统结构与可持续发展。分析高科技企业创新生态系统的不同系统结构类型并指出了结构在系统可持续发展过程中的功能,构建了知识网络动态演化模型对系统可持续发展的结构适应性调整与演化进行了推理,研究了基于超循环理论的系统结构演进发展原理,指出了系统结构随系统内外部环境变化的这种自组织机制正是系统可持续发展的重要因素,结构决定功能,功能决定系统能否最终实现市场需求,从而优胜劣汰,实现可持续发展。
最后,构建了评价高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展指标体系。在述评高科技企业创新生态系统评价指标体系与评价方法及生态位适宜度评价方法的基础上,指出生态位适宜度法适用于高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的评价。以我国湖南高科技企业创新生态系统为研究对象,评价了湖南高科技企业创新生态系统,从知识资源、主体关系、系统结构三个方面对高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展的机制体系进行深入探讨,揭示了高科技企业创新生态系统可持续发展机理,检验和论证前文的理论观点和评价指标的合理性与有效性,并在进一步总结案例研究的结论与启示基础上,提出了相关政策建议。
In recent years, due to the intense and dynamic global competitive environment and the growing technical complexity of high-tech enterprises, any business is difficult to monopolize all the cutting-edge technology, which greatly promote technological innovation and systematic network, and bring the high-tech enterprises competition from "a single enterprise of the dispute" to become "the supply chain of the dispute", and then upgrade to the survival of various enterprises'innovation ecosystem'dispute. The so-called innovation ecosystem is an interdependent system take shape by interactions through innovative material, energy and information flows between the compound technological innovation subjects and environment in a certain space, and in a collaborative and orderly eco-innovation and continuous improvement,all members work together to create the system and access to benefits will continue to increase.But the innovation ecosystem development at home and abroad is suffering from the stagnation, succession, recession and other problems, leading to the waste of innovation resources and increased risk of high-tech business, so how to maintain the high-tech innovation ecosystem for sustainable development in recent years become to the rise of academic focus. So there is important practical significance on research of innovation ecosystem sustainable development,which promote high-tech enterprise integrate innovative resources and spread risk, increase innovation and efficiency.
From the perspective of ecology and complex systems, the study introduced the basic ecology theoretical approach and explored sustainable development mechanism and evaluation methods of high-tech innovation ecosystem. Constructed high-tech innovation system sustainability synthetic niche-fitness model established the suitability niche-fitness index system of innovation ecosystem. The evaluation results demonstrated the high-tech innovation ecosystem of the three main components of sustainable development and the mechanism and evaluation dimensions of the rationality and effectiveness. This paper is divided into seven chapters, include the research topics background, literature review, development of power, the main dimensions of the theoretical discussion and empirical research.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the research background and significance for the research of sustainable development of high-tech innovation ecosystem.Then definited the content of the sustainable development of high-tech innovation ecosystem and analysised the system structure, development of power and contingency factors. Based on these we proposed three main dimensions and mechanism of sustainable development of the high-tech enterprise innovation ecosystem. In this paper, these three dimensions play a important role of sustainable development and stability, so need this three-dimensional mechanism to enhance the degree of in-depth study.
Second, we did in-depth and systematic study of high-tech innovation ecosystem for sustainable development mechanism which focus on three main dimensions.(1) hi-tech innovation ecosystem resources and sustainable development. this paper from the perspective of knowledge resources system resources, therefore, first analyzed the essential nature of the system resources of knowledge, focusing on the knowledge and core business growth mechanism of the principle of value-added knowledge to build the knowledge stored volume growth function, use of Matlab for the simulation to study the high-tech innovation ecosystem knowledge stock growth mechanism, is incremental in terms of sustainable resource supply analysis;based on Porter's value chain model to build the knowledge supply value added chain model, in terms of resources from the sustainable supply of value-added analysis. Finally, from the aspect of product supply chain, technology, supply chain and service supply chain, we proposed this ongoing supply of knowledge resources for the system has laid an important foundation for sustainable development.(2)relationship between the subjects in high-tech innovation ecosystem and sustainable development. Firstly we analysis the nature, content,characteristics and purpose of the relationship of inter-subjective's competition and corporation which based on the knowledge resources, then, we introduced the ecology population dynamics model into the research of the system co-evolution inside and outside, finally we analysis the system response to environmental changes, reflecting the adaptive capacity of the system itself, which is an important factor for sustainable development.(3) the ecosystem structure of high-tech innovation and sustainable development. From the League of unilateral and bilateral contracts were analyzed the different types structure in details of high-tech innovation ecosystem, and pointed out its functions in the process of sustainable development. Build the dynamic evolution of knowledge networks and sustainable development model according to complex network theory to searching the reason for the system adaptation and evolution. Then based on the super-cycle theory we discussed the evolution and development of system architecture principles,which to study the system structure changes in the external environment with the system self-organization mechanism of this system is an important factor in the sustainable development, structure determines function, function of the system can ultimately determine the market demand, and withstand the market selection, survival of the fittest in order to achieve sustainable development.
Finally, we build the evaluation indicators system of high-tech innovation ecosystem of sustainable development. Based on the review of evaluation index system and evaluation methods we proposed that the eco-fitness method is fit for the evaluation of sustainable development of high-tech enterprises innovation ecosystem. Then evaluated Hunan high-tech enterprises innovation ecosystem according to this indicators system, and semiarid sustainable innovation ecosystem development mechanism in depth from the dimension of knowledge resources, subjects' relationship, system architecture. Revealing the high-tech enterprises in Hunan innovation ecosystem specific initiatives for sustainable development, testing and demonstration earlier theoretical perspectives and evaluation of the rationality and effectiveness,summarized the conclusions of case studies and inspiration, and make relevant policy recommendations.
引文
[1]江小涓.利用全球科技资源,提高自主创新能力.求是,2006,(7)：38-40
[2]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统管理理论与应用.湖南：湖南大学出版社,2010,28-56
[3]Adner R.Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem. Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107
[4]Johne A.New Style Product Development. Management Decision,1992, 30(1):8-11
[5]Liedtka J M.Strategic Thinking:Can It be Taught?. Long Range Planning,1998, 31(1):120-129
[6]Kanter R M.The Change Masters:Innovation for Productivity in the American Corporation.New York:Simon and Schuster,1983,136-198
[7]贺团涛,曾德明.高科技企业创新生态系统形成机理研究.科技管理研究,2008,(11)：28-31
[8]党兴华,郑登攀.模块化技术创新网络的自组织演化模型研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：54-59
[9]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险识别与控制研究.财经理论与实践,2008,29(3)：113-116；
[10]张利飞.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合理论综评.研究与发展管理,2009,21(3)：70-75
[11]郑小勇.创新集群的形成模式及其政策意义探讨.外国经济与管理,2010,32(2)：58-65
[12]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统边界与结构解析.软科学,2008,22(11)：95-97,102
[13]Lundvall B A,Johnson B.The Learning Economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 1994,1(2):23-42
[14]Allen R H, Sriram R D. The Role of Standards in Innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2000,64(2-3):171-181
[15]潘海波,金雪军.技术标准与技术创新协同发展关系研究.中国软科学,2003,(10)：110-114
[16]胡皓,楼慧心.自组织理论与社会发展研究.上海：上海科技教育出版社.2002,112-168
[17]邱英,干胜道.企业可持续发展的新内涵解析.生态经济,2005,11(5)：67-69
[18]张平,马骁.标准化与知识产权战略.北京：知识产权出版社,2002,152-178
[19]顾力刚,方康.企业生态系统对企业可持续成长的影响分析.统计与决策.2007,(8)：171-173
[20]Hannan M T,Carroll G R. Dynamics of Organizational Populmions:Density, Legitimmion and Competition. Oxford University Press,1992,324-340
[21]Ndson R R, Winter S G.An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1982,182-209
[22]丁海鑫.基于生态学理论的中小企业网络组织演进研究：[西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文].西安：电子科技大学,2010,62-79
[23]黄鲁成.基于生态学的技术创新行为研究.北京：科学出版社,2007,18-111
[24]许芳,李建华.企业生态位原理及模型研究.中国软科学,2005,(5)：130-139
[25]大卫·布林尼.生态学.北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,2003,6-7
[26]马歇尔.经济学原理.北京：北京大学出版社,2001：283-284
[27]徐占忱,卜琳华,何明升.基于生态复杂性的区域集群创新系统优效性研究.系统管理学报,2007,16(5)：558-562
[28]Greiner L E.Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow. Harvard Business Review,1998,76(3):55-60
[29]Winter S G. Schumpeterian Competition in Alternative Technological Regimes. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations,1984,5(3-4):287-320
[30](美)伊查克·爱迪思.企业生命周期.北京：中国社会科学出社,1997,50-100
[31]阿里·德赫斯.长寿公司.北京：经济日报出版社,1998,107-126
[32]庞艳桃.高新技术企业可持续成长机理研究——基于企业生命周期理论的分析：[武汉理工大学博士论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2009,78-96
[33]Jeffrey R.A Theory of Interdependent Demand for a Communications service.The Journal of Economics,1974,5(1):16-37
[34]Katz M L, Shapiro C.Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility. American Economic Review.1985,75(3):424-440
[35]帅旭,陈宏民.网络外部性、转移成本与企业兼容性选择.系统工程理论与实践,2003,(9)：71-75
[36]Cargill C F. Standardization:the Necessary Luxury. Geo World,2004,(3): 143-178
[37]Swann P. The Economics of Standardization. Final Report for Standards and Technical Regulation Directorate, Department of Trade And Industry, UK, 2000,151-167
[38]Leveque F. Standards and Standards-setting Processes in the Field of the Environment. In:Hawkins R, Mansell R, Skea J. Standards, innovation and competitiveness:the politics and economics of standards in natural and technical environments. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,1995,325-342
[39]李保红,吕廷态.技术标准的经济学属性及有效形成模式分析.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(2)：25-28
[40]Knut Blind.The Economics of Standards:Theory, Evidence, Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK,2004,156-178
[41]Oz Shy. The Economics of Network Industries. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,354-366
[42]Miller,R.Games of Innovation:A New Theoretical Perspective. International Journal of Innovation Management,2007,111(1):1-35
[43]葛霆,周华东.国际创新理论的七大进展.中国科学院院刊,2007,22(6)：441-447
[44]刘刚.创新理论最新研究综述.理论前沿,2010,(9)：88-91
[45]崔兆杰,司维,马新刚.生态农业模式构建与应用—以广饶县为例.生态经济(学术版),2007,(1)：214-217
[46]丁宪浩.统筹人与自然和谐发展开拓文明发展道路.中共珠海市委党校珠海市行政学院学报,2004,(6)：25-31
[47]武思标,徐涛.浅谈可持续发展的生态建筑.山西建筑,2009,35(1)：28-29
[48]付昆.循环经济是我国可持续发展的必然选择.商场现代化,2009,(3)：251-252
[49]李斌.基于可持续发展的我国环境经济政策研究：[中国海洋大学博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学,2007,28-56
[50]殷光胜.试论可持续发展财富观.云南社会科学,2001,(1)：120-121
[51]张二勋,秦耀辰.论可持续发展时代的经济观.河南大学学报(社会科学版),2005,42(2)：19-23
[52]张洪慧,张亦学.论可持续发展的生产模式.济南大学学报(社会科学版),2002,12(5)：11-14
[53]刘予胜.基于生态承载力的电力可持续发展研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].保定：华北电力大学,2010,6-21
[54]Richard R Nelson, Sidney G Winter. Evolutionary The organizing in Economics. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2002,16(2):23-46
[55]R A Frosch, N E Gallopoulos. Towards An Industrial Ecology in Treatment and Handling of Wastes. London Chapman and Hall 1992:269-292
[56]Iansiti & Levien.A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly,1983(28):223-244
[57](美)詹姆斯弗穆尔(James F.Moore),梁骏等译.竞争的衰亡.北京出版 社,1990,77-86
[58]Freeman. Value Innovation:the Strategic Logic of High Growth. Harvard Business Review,1997,75(1):102-112
[59]Ander. Turnaround and Recovery: What Strategy Do You Need? Long Range Planning,2001(1):84-96
[60]王大洲.企业经营管理基本规律与模式.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2001,54-67
[61]任锦鸾,顾培亮.基于复杂理论的创新系统研究.科学学研究,2002,(4)：437-440
[62]黄鲁成.区域技术创新系统研究：生态学的思考.科学学研究,2003,(2)：215-219
[63]刘友金.论集成式创新的组织模式.中国软科学,2002,(2)：71-75
[64]罗发友,刘友金.技术创新群落形成与演化的行为生态学研究.科学学研究,2004,22(1)：99-103
[65]黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的调节机制.系统辩证学学报,2004,12(2)：69-71
[66]李湘桔,詹勇飞.西方战略管理理论的发展历程：演进规律及未来趋势.外国经济与管理,2003(2)：7-12
[67]Kayano F, Chihiro W. Japanese and US Perspectives on the National Innovation Ecosystem.Technology in Society,2008,30(1):49-63
[68]Volberda H W, Fuller C B. Mastering Strategic Renewal. Long Range Planning.2001,(34):159-178
[69]石新泓.企业网络组织的演进及类型研究.决策借鉴,2002,(3)：67-69
[70]郭军灵.企业技术联盟的合作动机分析.科技情报开发与经济,2008,(18)：168-170
[71]王晓静.产品创新企业生存之本.锦州医学院学报(社会科学版),2005,3(1)：101-103
[72]Bensen Stanley M.,Farrell Joseph. Choosing how to Compete:Strategies and Tactics in Standardization. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994,8(3):117-310
[73]贺团涛,曾德明.企业集成创新.北京：学林出版社,2001,78-82
[74]李子和,陈省平,郭汝丽.高新区高新技术群落的优化效应.中国软科学,1999,10：69-72
[75]朱斌,王渝.我国高新区产业集群持续创新能力研究.科学学研究,2004,22(5)：529-537
[76]王安宇,赵武阳.国内技术联盟研究新进展.研究与发展管理,2008,(3)：58-64
[77]曾德明,华金科,孙耀吾.基予技术标准的企业协作研发伙伴选择研究.科学学 与科学技术管理,2005,(11)：39-41,51
[78]Romano A, Passiante G., Elia V. New Source of Clustering in the Digital Economy. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development,2001,8(1):19-27
[79]Salomon, R., Byungchae, J. Does Knowledge Spill to Leaders or Laggards? Exploring Industry Heterogeneity in Learning by Exporting. Journal of International Business Studies,2008,39(1):132-150
[80]曾德明,秦吉波,周青等.高新技术企业R&D管理.清华大学出版社,2006,69-78
[81]Somchai Numprasertchai, Barbara Igel. Managing Knowledge Through Collaboration:Multiple Case Studies of Managing Research in University Laboratories in Thailand. Technovation,2005,25(10):1173-1182
[82]Van Berkel R, Bossilkov A. Sustainable Development Reporting in the Australian Minerals Processing Industry. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series,2004,(4):185-195
[83]Brodhag Christian, Taliere Sophie. Sustainable Development Strategies:Tools for Policy Coherence. Natural Resources Forum,2006,30(2):136-145
[84]Herkert J R.Sustainable Development and Engineering:Ethical and Public Policy Implications. International Symposium on Technology and Society, 1997,(5):175-180
[85]Harding R. Ecologically Sustainable Development:Origins, Implementation and Challenges. Desalination,2006,187(1):229-239
[86]Carter Kate, Fortune Chris. Sustainable Development Policy Perceptions and Practice in the UK Social Housing Sector. Construction Management and Economics,2007,25(4):399-408
[87]Mert Aysem.Partnerships for Sustainable Development as Discursive Practice: Shifts in Discourses of Environment and Democracy. Forest Policy and Economics,2009,11(2):109-122
[88]王忠武.科学技术可持续发展的系统学思考.系统辩证学学报,2005,12(1)：52-55
[89]杨多贵,陈韵锋,王海燕,等.中国区域可持续发展能力差距的系统学研究.系统辩证学学报,2002,10(2)：15-30
[90]杨多贵,牛文元,陈韵锋等.中国区域可持续发展综合优势能力评价.科学管理研究,2000,18(6)：70-78
[91]杨多贵,牛文元,陈韵锋.北京市与上海市可持续发展能力对比研究.上海经济研究,2000,(11)：28-33
[92]梁嘉骅,范建平,李常洪等.企业生态与企业发展：企业竞争对策.科学出版社, 2005,78-90
[93]Holsapplea CW, Joshi K.D. An Investigation of Factors that Influence the Management of Knowledge in Organizations. Journal of Strategic Information Systems,2000,(9):577-689
[94]刘刚.企业的异质性假设——对企业本质和行为的演化经济学解释.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005,118-130
[95]尼古莱·福斯等.《企业万能——面向企业能力理论》.沈阳：东北财经大学出版社,1998,120-156
[96]余光胜.企业知识理论.外国经济与管理,2000,22(2)：23-29
[97]Pavitt E,Nelson H J. Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology based Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 1991(22):587-613
[98]Spiex T A. Canopy Gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains Can.J.For.Res.1990, (20):649-658
[99]Odum E P.Fundamentals of Ecology.1959,25(4):399-408
[100]王刚,赵松岭,张鹏云等.关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究.生态学报,1984,4(2)：119-127
[101]曹鉴燎,王旭东,郑奔.可持续发展：我们共同的道路.北京：经济科学出版社2000,245-267
[102]葛振忠,梁嘉骅.企业生态位与现代企业竞争.华东经济管理,2004,(2)：113-116
[103]生延超.技术联盟的产生和发展：一个共生学的解释框架.中国科技论坛,2007,(1)：90-93
[104]梁嘉骅,葛振忠,范建平.企业生态与企业发展.管理科学学报,2002,5(2)：34-40
[105]何继善,戴卫明.产业集群的生态学模型及生态平衡分析.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(1)：126-132
[106]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价方法研究.中国软科学,2004,(1)：73-77
[107]Cequn Lou, Xiaoxi Yang. Network Niche of E-business Enterprises. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2007,251(5):17-25
[108]Craedd T E. Allenby B R. Industrial Ecology.2008,22(5):298-320
[109]张白玉,孙启明.创意企业组织生态关系模型.北京邮电大学学报,2010,33(2)：24-28
[110]Hannan, Michael.T, John Freeman. The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Soicology,1977,82(5):929-964
[111]Hannan, J.T.,Freeman, J. Organizational Ecology, Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press,1989,255-276
[112]Amburgey,T.L, Rao, H. Organizational Ecology:Past, Present, and Future Directions. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(5):1265-1286
[113]Dobrev, S.D, Kim, T.Y. Dynamics of Niches Width and Resource Partitioning. American Journal ofSociology,2001,106(5):1299-1337
[114]Bruderer, E,J.V Singh, Organizational Evolution, Learning and Selection:a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Model. Academy of Management Journal,1996,19(5): 1322-1349
[115]陈兵.创新要素的生态化配置研究.社会科学论坛,2007(4)：18-21
[116]陈辉.高新技术企业生态系统的运行机制研究：[西北大学博士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2006,28-52
[117]夏维力,伍佳妮.复杂产品系统创新信息生态系统的构建及分析.情报杂志,2009,28(5)：204-207
[118]宋敏,许长新.创建高新技术产业可持续发展生态系统的探讨.科技与经济,2003,16(5)：31-33
[119]Brad Allenby.Industrial Ecology,Information and Sustainability. Foresight, 2000,2(2):163-171
[120]王如松,杨建新.产业生态学和生态产业转型.世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5)：24-32
[121]许艳霞,秦书生.产业结构创新与可持续发展.理论界,2001,(3)：57-58
[122]陈宇菲,丁静,刘志峰.产业集群生态系统的结构、演化及运作机制研究.科技管理研究,2009,29(10)：396-399
[123]Auden Schendler. Applying the Principles of Industrial Ecology to the Guest-Service Sector:Connections to a Deeper Industrial Ecology. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2003,7(1):127-138
[124]Rapport D J. What Constitutes Ecosystem Health? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989,33(1):120-132
[125]Ulanowicz, R E. Growth and Development:Ecosystem Phenomenology. New York:springer,1896,203-210
[126]Rapport D.J., Whitford W.G..How Ecosystem Respond to Stress:Common Properties of Arid and Aquatic System Bioscience,1989,(49):193-203
[127]Costanza R. Special Section:Forum On Valuation of Ecosystem Services:The Value of Ecosystem Service.Ecological Economics,1998, (25):1-2
[128]苗红.区域技术创新生态系统协调性评价研究：[北京工业大学博士学位论文].北京：北京工业大学,2007,28-39
[129]Adomavicius G, Bockstedt J C, Gupta A, et al. Technology Roles and Paths of Influence in an Ecosystem Model of Technology Evolution.Information Technology and Management,2007,8(2):185-202
[130]杨志峰,邹珊刚.知识资源、知识存量和知识流量：概念、特征和测度.科研管理理,2000,21(4)：105-111
[131]陈娟,王文平,达庆利等.知识型企业资源配置的多Agent模型及仿真分析.系统仿真学报,2006,18(8)：2280-2284
[132]Shapiro C. Navigating the Patent Thicket:Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting.Innovation Policy and the Economy,2000(1):119-150
[133]Lerner J, Tirole J. Some Simple Economics of Open Source. Journal of Industrial Economics,2002,50(2):197-234
[134]张运生.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合战略研究.中国软科学,2009,(1)：134-143
[135]Knut Blind, Nikolaus Thumm.Interrelation Between Patenting and Standardization Strategies:Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications. Research Policy,2004, (33):1583-1598
[136]张平,马骁.标准化与知识产权战略.北京：知识产权出版社,2002,66-69
[137]Shapiro C., Varian H R. Information Rules:a Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Cambridge:Harvard Business School Press,1998,356-370
[138]李玉剑,宣国良.专利联盟：战略联盟研究的新领域.中国工业经济,2004,(2)：48-54.
[139]周寄中,侯亮,赵远亮.技术标准、技术联盟和创新体系的关联分析.管理评论,2006,18(3)：30-34
[140]Ollner J. The Company and Standardization(3rd edition). Sweden:Swedish Standards Institution press,1988,239-245
[141]Cargill Carl F. A Five-segment Model for Standardization. Cambridge, USA: Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure. MIT Press,1995,79-99
[142]Soderstrom E. Formulating a General Standards Life Cycle. Lecture Notes in Computer Science:,2004,(3084):263-275
[143]Steklove I. Synergetics in Science and Education, Russian Education and Society, 2004,46 (2):82-89
[144]Zucker, Lynne G, Darby M R. Capturing Technological Opportunity Via Japan's Star Scientists:Evidence from Japanese Firms' Biotech Patents and Products Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(1-2):37-58
[145]汤文仙.技术融合趋势及我国的技术融合战略.科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(19)：170-171
[146]Sampson R C.The Cost of Misaligned Governance in R&D Alliances. Journal of Law,Economics and OrgaIlization,2004,20(2):484-526
[147]黄玉杰,万迪畴.高技术企业联盟中的治理匹配及其绩效分析.研究与发展管理,2007,19(4)：8-15
[148]Funk J L. Competition between Regional Standards and the Success and Failure of Firm in World-Wide Mobile Communication Market Telecommunications Policy,1998,22(4-5):419-441
[149]栾永玉.高科技企业跨国创新生态系统：结构、形成、特征.财经理论与实践,2007,28(5)：113-116
[150]傅桦等.生态学原理与应用.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008,15-20
[151]李振基等.生态学,北京：科学出版社,2000,140-141
[152]张运生.兼容性经济学研究进展.经济学动态,2009,(2)：105-110
[153]Klepper S.Firm Survival and the Evolution of Oligopoly. Rand Journal of Economics,2002,33:37-61
[154]Suarez, F. F., Utterback, J. M.Dominant Designs and the Survival of firms. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16:415-430
[155]Nonaka I, Takeuchi H. The Knowledge-creating Company. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995
[156]Nonaka,I.,Toyama,R.,Konno,N.SECI,Ba and Leadership:An Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):5-34
[157]李文博郑文哲：论企业集成创新系统的复杂性：混沌与分形.科学学研究,2006,8(4)：218-223
[158]熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京：商务印书馆,1990,236-244
[159]陈伟.创新管理.北京：科学出版社,1998,59-65
[160]Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing.11th Edition, Perarson Education Inc,2008:468-479
[161]Wiklund, J., Shepherd, D.Knowledge-based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and the Performance of Small and Medium-sized Businesses. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1260-1314
[162]Rosenkranz, S. Simultaneous Choice of Process and Product Innovation when Consumers Have a Preference for Product Variety. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2003(50):183-201
[163]胡树华.面向产品创新的管理集成.中国软科学,2000(4)：87-89
[164]胡树华.产品创新管理：产品开发设计的功能成本分析.科学出版社,2000,76-80
[165]Henry W. Chesbrough. Open Innovation:the New Imperative for Creating and Profiting Technology. Harvard Business School Press,2003,145-187
[166]李岩.纵向与横向思维下的产品创新模式比较分析与21世纪中国企业产品创新.现代企业教育,2006(7)：170-171
[167]Jin-Jeng Huang. The Evolutionary Perspective of Knowledge Creation-A Mathematical Representation. Knowledge-Based Systems,2009,22(6):430-438
[168]和金生,罗正清.企业技术创新能力发展的知识增长模型研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(6)：56-60
[169]杜静,魏江.知识存量的增长机理分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(1)：24-27
[170]李顺才,常荔,邹珊刚.企业知识存量的多层次灰关联评价.科研管理,2001,22(3)：73-78
[171]李顺才,邹珊刚,苏子仪.一种基于永续盘存的知识存量测度改进模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2003(9)：13-15
[172]曹兴,徐焕均,刘芳.企业内部知识流动行为及其影响因素研究.财经理论与实践,2009,30(160)：69-74
[173]Jianfeng Wu, Mark T. Shanley. Knowledge Stock, Exploration, and Innovation: Research on the United States Electrometrical Device Industry. Journal of Business Research,2009,62(4):474-483
[174]Lynne G. Zucker, Michael R. Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C. Liu, Hongyan Ma. Minerva Unbound: Knowledge Stocks, Knowledge Flows and New Knowledge Production. Research Policy,2007,36(6):850-863
[175]F.X. Molina-Morales. European Industrial Districts:Influence of Geographic Concentration on Performance of the Firm. Journal of International Management, 2001,(7):455-470
[176]Barney, J.Firm Resources and Sustained Completive Advantage. Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120
[177]Teece D J, Pisano G.The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:An Introduction. Industrial corporate Change,1994,3(3):537-556
[178]Capron L,Dusauge P,Mitchell W.Resource Redeployment Following Horizontal Acquisitions in Europe and North America. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(7):631-661
[179]Das T K,Teng B Resource and Risk Management in the Strategic Alliance Making Process. Journal of Management,1998,24:21-42
[180]Demirbag M, Weir David. Resources and Equity Ownership in IJVs in Turkey. Thunderbird International Business Review,2006,48(1):55-76
[181]Miller D,Shamsie J.The Resource. Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936 to 1965.Academy of Management Journal,1996,39:519-543
[182]Leonard-Barton,D.Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities:A Paradox in Managing New Product Development.Strategic Management Journal,1992,6(2): 175-185
[183]杨亚平.基于隐性知识转化的企业技术能力演进分析.工业技术经济,2006,(8)：22-25
[184]Nonaka I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge Creating Company.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995,189-201
[185]李莉,党兴华,张首魁.基于知识位势的技术创新合作中的知识扩散研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(4)：107-112
[186]尹美群.价值链的价值剖析及其解构.科研管理,2006,(1)：152-155
[187]张玉蓉,张旭梅.供应链中核心企业与供应商知识共享的分析与启示—丰田公司案例研究.科学管理研究,2006,24(2)：117-120
[188]Avneet S, Wadhwa S. Flexible Configuration for Seamless Supply Chains: Directions towards Decision Knowledge Sharing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2009,25(4-5):839-852
[189]Alan Harrison, Remko Van Iloek.Logistics Management and Strategy Competing Through The Supply Chain. Prentice Hall press,2002,58-79
[190]曹丽莉.多元供应链的构建融合推进产业集群创新升级.软科学,2009,23(1)：75-79.
[191]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2003,98-106
[192]Demarest M. Understanding Knowledge Management. Journal of Long Range Planning,1997,30(3):374-384
[193]Edward Truch.Journal of General Management.2001,26(3):26-39
[194]Chen Y L.A Study on the Modeling of Knowledge Value Chain. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,2004,(7):56-73
[195]迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述.外国经济与管理,2000,22(1)：25-29
[196]熊学兵.基于价值链的企业知识管理系统模型研究.中国科技论坛,2009,(1)：68-70
[197]Bhatt G D.Organizing Knowledge in the Knowledge Development Cycle. Journal of Knowledge Management,2000,4(1):15-26
[198]Choi B, Lee H. Knowledge Management Strategy and Its Link to Knowledge Creation Process. Expert Systems with Applications,2002,23(3):173-187
[199]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2003,98-106
[200]Weggeman M.C.D.P.Kennis management Inriching en besturing van intensive organisaties. Schiedam,1997,21-53
[201]Federica S, Antonello Z. Multinational Firms, Global Value Chains and the Organization of Knowledge Transfer. Research Policy,2009,38(2):369-381
[202]刘洪伟,和金生,马丽丽.知识发酵—知识管理的仿生学理论初探.科学学研究,2003,(5)：514-518
[203]Ferrary M,Granovetter M.The Role of Venture Capital Firms in Silicon Valley's Complex Innovation Network. Economy and Society,2009,38(2):326-359
[204]赵杨.国家创新系统中的信息资源协同配置研究：[武汉大学博士学位论文].武汉：武汉大学,2010,23-42
[205]Hanafizadeh P., Sherkat M. H. Designing Fuzzy-genetic Learner Model Based on Multi-agent Systems in Supply Chain Management. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,(36):186-205
[206]陈志祥,陈荣秋,马士华.论知识链与知识管理.科研管理,2000,(1)：44-49
[207]Prahalad C K, Haml G.Competing for the Future. Harvard Business School Press, 1994,72(4):122-128
[208]康荣平,柯银斌.核心能力论在中国的应用.科研管理,1999,(5)：1-4
[209]Fine C H.Clock Speed:Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Sloan School of Management,M.I.T,1998,11-16
[210]Ritter T,Wilkinson L F, Johnston W J.Measuring Network Competence:Some International Evidence. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,2002,17 (2-3):119-138
[211]Michel Callon, Jean-Pierre Courtial, P. Crance, et al. Tools for the Evaluation of Technological Programmes:An Account of Work Done at the Centre for the Sociology of Innovation[J].Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,1991,3(1):3-43
[212]Galaskiewicz J,Zaheer A. Networks of Competitive Advantage. In S Andrews, and D Knoke (Eds-).Research in the Sociology of Organization. Greenwich, Connecticut:JAI Press,1999,237-261
[213]Cote R.Designing Eco-industrial Parks:a Synthesis of Some Experiencs. Journal of Cleaner Production,1998,6(3):181-188
[214]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京：清华大学出版社,1998,77-78
[215]Reinganum J.Innovation and Industry Evolution. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1985,100(1):81-89
[216]Hall B H,Link A N,Scott J T.Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with Universities:Evidence from the Advanced Technology Program. Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(12):87-98
[217]Goller G.Competing, Complementary and Blocking Patent:Their Role in Determing.Antitrust Violation in the Area of Cross-Licensing, Patent Pooling and Package Licensing. Journal of Patent & Trademark Office Society,1968,22 (11):723-723
[218]李大平.高技术企业技术标准联盟知识产权战略研究：[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2007,51-55
[219]吴文华,曾德明.基于交易成本的技术标准联盟形成机理研究.财经理论与实践,2006,27(4)：88-91
[220]孙耀吾,贺石中,曾德明.知识产权、基本要素与技术标准化合作.中国工业经济,2006,(4)：81-87
[221]Loury G C.Market Structure and Innovation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1979,93(3):395-410
[222]Lee T,Wilde L.Mraket Structure and Innovation:A Reformulation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1980,94(2):429-436
[223]Reinganum J F.On the Diffusion of New Technology:a Game Theoretic Approach. Review of Economic Studies,1981,48(3):395-405
[224]Reinganum J F. A Dynamic Game of R&D:Patent Protection and Competitive Behavior Econometric. Journal of the Econometric Society,1982,50(3):671-687
[225]Reinganum J F.Uncertain Innovation and the Persistence of Monopoly. The American Economic Review,1983,73(4):741-748
[226]Fudenberg D,Gilbert R,Stiglitz J,etal. Preemption, Leapfrogging, and Competition in Patent Races. European Economic Review,1983,22(1):3-31
[227]Judd K L.Closed-Loop Equilibrium in a Multi-Stage Innovation Race. Economic Theory,2003,21(2):673-695
[228]Huang G Q,Mak K L.Modelling the Customer-supplier Interface over the World-wide Web to Facilitate Early Supplier Involvement in the New Product Development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,2000,214(9):759-766
[229]RINGO T.IBM Explores New Frontiers in Collaborative Innovation. Research Technology Management,2007,50(5):6-7
[230]王斌.基于知识转移的战略联盟伙伴关系动态演化机理研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：84-90
[231]Rosen C,et al. New Methods for Competitive Co-evolution.Evolutionary Computation,1997,5(1):1-29
[232]Moore J F. Predator and Prey:A New Ecology Competition. Harvard Business Review,1993,71(3):75-86
[233]蓝盛芳.试论达尔文进化论与协同进化论.生态科学,1995,(2)：167-170
[234]王立志,韩福荣.企业间的协同进化分析.科技管理研究,2003,(2)：89-93
[235]Enkel E,Gassman O.Driving Open Innovation in the Frontend:The IBM case. The EURAM Conference. Paris:2008,230-246
[236]常杰,葛滢.生物多样性的自组织、起源和演化.生态学报,2001,(7)：1180-1186
[237]张铁男,程广仁,才华.战略视角下的企业进化能力研究.管理世界,2006,(10)：28.32
[238]李松龄,生延超.技术联盟的共生演化分析.经济数学,2007,24(2)：192-198
[239]Dosi G,Fabiani S,Aversi R,etal.The Dynamics of International Differentiation:a Multi-country Evolutionary Model. Industrial & Corporate Change,1994, 3(1):225-242
[240]吴晓,聂品.技术系统演化与相应的知识演化理论综述.科研管理,2008,29(2)：103-114
[241]孙延臣.技术跨越论.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005,123-168
[242]解学梅,曾赛星.科技产业集群持续创新系统运作机理：一个协同创新观.科学学研究,2008,26(4)：838-845
[243]Cohen W M,Levinthal D A. Absorptive Capacity:A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152
[244]Kogut B,Zander U.Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology. Organization Science,1992,3(3):383-397
[245]Fossa J N.Network,Capabilities and Competitive Advantage. Scandinavian Journal of Management,1999,15(1):1-15
[246]Jean T. Procurement and Renegotiation. Journal of Political Economy,1986,94 (2):235-259
[247]曾德明,陈立勇.利益相关者与企业绩效的理论与实证研究综述.经济学动态,2003,(3)：25-28
[248]Khanna T. The Scope of Alliances. Organization Science,1998,9(3):340-355
[249]孙国强.西方网络组织治理研究评介.外国经济与管理,2006,26(8)：8-12
[250]Jap S D. Pie Sharing in Complex Collaboration Contexts. Journal of Marketing Research,2001,38(1):86-99
[251]Robinson D T,Stuart T E. Network Effects in The Governance of Strategic Alliances in Biotechnology. The Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, 2007,23(1):242-273
[252]张运生,邹思明.高科技企业创新生态系统治理机制研究.科学学研究,2010,(5)：37-40
[253]Jason Gorss. GLOBALFOUNDRIES成立全球合作伙伴生态系统,推动行业协作http://www.zikoo.com/news/4iw3s276p.html,2010
[254]黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的特征.中国科技论坛,2003,(1)：23-26
[255]Davila T, Epstein M J,Shelton R创新之道：持续创新力造就持久成长力.刘勃.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007,68-73
[256]钱春海,肖英奎.网络外部性、市场“锁定”与标准选择——联通CDMA与移动GPRS市场竞争的经济学分析.中国工业经济,2003,(3)：14-20
[257]于全辉.网络外部性下企业创新行为的进化分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(9)：51-55
[258]吴晓波,郑健壮.企业集群技术创新环境与主要模式的研究.研究与发展管理,2003,15(2)：1-5
[259]杭雪花,施琴芬,闻曙明.产业集群与区域创新环境互动关系分析——以苏州为例.研究与发展管理,2005,17(12)：101-106
[260]张华胜,薛澜.技术创新管理新范式：集成创新.中国软科学,2002,(12)：6-22
[261]刘志峰.区域创新生态系统的结构模式与功能机制研究.科技管理研究,201 0,30(21)：9-13
[262]康胜.企业集群可持续发展问题的思考.未来与发展,2004,(2)：5-10
[263]Schifrin M.Is Your Company Magnetic.Forbes,2001,6(21):12-16
[264]Mowery D C,Oxley J E,Silverman B S.Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer.Strategic Management Journal,1996,17:77-91
[265]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险生成机理探究.科学学研究,2009,27(6)：925-931
[266]Chiesa V,Manzini R. Organization for Technological Collaborations:A Managerial Perspective. R&D Management,1998,28(3):199-212
[267]伍蓓,陈劲,吴增源.企业研发外包的模式、特征及流程探讨——基于X集团汽车制造案例研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(2)：56-63
[268]Gilley K M,Rasheed A. Making More by Doing less:An Analysis of Outsourcing and its Effects on Firm Performance. Journal of Management,2000,26(4): 763-790
[269]Arnold U. New Dimensions of Outsourcing:A Combination of Transaction Cost Economics and the Core Competencies Concept. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,2000,6(1):23-29
[270]Balaehandra R,Friar H J.Factors for Success in R&D Projects and New Product Innovation:A Contextual Framework. Engineering Management,1997,44(3): 276-287
[271]琳达·科恩,阿莉·扬.资源整合：超越外包新模式.虞海侠.北京：商务印书馆,2007,58-96
[272]魏龙,张娟.跨国公司在华R&D投资的演进与动因分析.世界经济研究,2006,(2)：65-70
[273]Veugelers R. Collaboration in R&D:an Assessment of Theoretical and Empirical Findings. De Economist,1998,146(3):419-443
[274]Kendall W A. Asset Specificity, Uncertainty and Relational Norms: an Examination of Coordination Costs in Collaborative Strategic Alliances.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2000,(4):337-362
[275]Harrigan K R. Strategic Alliances and Partner Asymmetries. Management International Review,1988,(4):205-226
[276]Kogut B.Joint Ventures:Theoretical and empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal,1988,(4):319-332.
[277]许春.企业学习能力与研发合作契约稳定性.科学学研究,2004,22(3)：312-316
[278]曾忠禄.公司战略联盟组织与运作.北京：中国发展出版社,1999,39-58
[279]Antoine Bureth. The Two Faces of Learning by Cooperating:the Evolution and Stability of Inter-firm Agreements in the European Electronics Industry. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,1997,32(4):519-537
[280]陈剑锋,唐振鹏.国外产业集群研究综述.外国经济与管理,2002,24(8)：22-27
[281]傅荣,裘丽,张喜征等.产业集群参与者交互偏好与知识网络演化模型与仿真.中国管理科学,2006,14(4)：128-133
[282]周晔.产业集群知识系统研究：基于网络演进与企业行为的分析：[东南大学博士学位论文].南京：东南大学经济管理学院,2006,23-37
[283]Schilling M.A,Phelps C.C. Interfirm Collaboration Networks:The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation. Management Science, 2007,53(7):1113-1126
[284]陈得文,陶良虎.产业集群知识网络运行分析.商品储运与养护.2008,30(2)：44-47
[285]王贤梅.产业集群知识系统特性研究.技术与市场.2008,9：36-37
[286]夏兰,周钟山等.基于网络结构视角的产业集群演化和创新.北京：中国市场出版社,2006,55-65
[287]孙锐.基于知识网络扩展学习的知识团队创新研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2006,(10)：130-134
[288]吴永忠.企业创新网络的形成及其演化.自然辩证法研究,2005,21(9)：69-72
[289]Bruge K. The Network as Knowledge:Generative Rules and the Emergence of Structure. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):405-425
[290][Borgatti S P. Centrality and Network Flow. Social Network,2005,27:55-71
[291]Doz Y L,Olk P M, Ring P S. Formation Processes of R&D Consortia:Which Path of Take? Where does it Lead?. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21 (3):239-266
[292]Malipiero A, Munari F,Sobrero M.Focal Firms as Technological Gatekeepers within Industrial Districts:Knowledge Creation and Dissemination in the Italian Ppackaging Machinery Industry. DRUID Working Paper,2005
[293]杨艳萍,孙华.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究,2008,(2)：24-26
[294]Sorenson O,Jan W.Rivkin,Fleming L. Complexity, Networks and Knowledge Flow. Research Police,2006,35(7):994-1017
[295]Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi A-L.Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks. Reviews of Modern Physics,2002,74(1):47-97
[296]工大洲.企业创新网络的进化机制分析.科学学研究,2006,24(5)：780-786
[297]池仁勇.区域中小企业创新网络的结点联结及其效率评价研究.管理世界,2007,(1)：105-121
[298]Elisa Giuliani,Carlo Pietrobelli. Social Network Analysis Methodologies for the Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs, IDB Publications, Inter-American Development Bank,2011,35-40
[299]尹建华,王玉荣.资源外包网络的进化：一个社会网络的分析方法.南开管理评论,2005,8(6)：75-79
[300]初言玲,罗冰.基于”结构-信息-协同”的技术创新生态动力体系的构建.山东纺织经济,2010,(1)：18-20
[301]M·艾根.超循环论.上海：上海译文出版社,1990,98-136
[302]全继业.基于超循环理论的科技型中小企业发展战略研究.经济管理,2005,(14)：65-71
[303]周慧琴.超循环论对生命复杂性与有序性的揭秘.系统辩证学学报1994,(2)：64-67
[304]王大洲.企业技术创新过程中对知识的运用：中西比较与启示.科学管理研究,2001,(4)：1-4
[305]顾志燕,戴伟辉.电子信息产业的可持续创新生态链研究.软科学,2006,(4)： 99-101
[306]吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理,2007,(8)：119-123
[307]Persaud A. Enhancing Synergistic Innovative Capability in Multinational Corporations:An Empirical Investigation. Product Innovation Management, 2005,22(5):412-429
[308]吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理,2007,(8)：119-123
[309]Athreye S S.Competition, Rivalty and Innovative Behavior. Economics of Innovation & New Technology,2001,10(1):1-21
[310]陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,李雷等.评价系统可持续发展能力的能值指标.中国环境科学,2002,22(4)：380-384
[311]曹萍,陈福集.基于ANP理论的企业技术创新能力评价模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2010,(2)：67-71
[312]王灵梅,李政,倪维斗.多联产系统的能值评估.动力工程,2006,26(2)：278-283
[313]陈明炜.企业技术创新能力评价体系：[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连：大连理工大学,2006,28-39
[314]单红梅.企业技术创新绩效的综合模糊评价及其应用册.科研管理,2002,23(6)：120-124
[315]Tang J Z, Zou S G. The Multilevel Grey Evaluation of Technological Innovation Ability of Industries.Science & Technology Progress and Policy,1999,16(5): 46-48
[316]吴永林,高洪深,林晓言.企业技术创新能力的多级模糊综合评价.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,14(3)：19-21
[317]朱祖平,朱彬.基于BP神经网络的企业技术创新效果的模糊综合评价.系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(9)：16-21
[318]Evangelista R. Measuring Innovation in European Industry. International Journal of the Economics and Business,1998,5(3):311-332
[319]李柏洲,朱晓霞.基于耗散与灰关联熵的RIS演化机制研究.科学学研究,2007,(12)：1239-1243
[320]李自珍,赵松龄,张鹏云.生态位适宜度理论及其在作物生长系统中的应用.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1993,29(4)：219-224
[321]马富裕,杨建荣,郑重等.北疆高产棉花密度与打项时许调控的生态位适宜度研究.生态学杂志,2005,24(2)：136-140
[322]胡春雷,肖玲.生态位理论与方法在城市研究中的应用.地域研究与开 发,2004,23(2)：13-16
[323]廖红娟,徐建华,岳文泽.城市生态系统适宜度的时空对比分析.生态科学,2003,22(4)：300-304
[324]Wang H H, Liu Y F. Research on Optimal Allocation Model of Land Resource Based on Niche and CA. China Population, Resources and Environment,2008, 18(2):97-102
[325]Meng D Y, Lu Y Q. A Study on the City Based on the Niche Theory. A Real Research and Development,2008,27(2):56-58
[326]李自珍,韩晓卓,李文龙.具有生态位构建作用的种群进化动力学模型及其应用研究.应用数学和力学,2006,27(3)：293-299
[327]周青,陈畴镛,张定华.浙江区域技术创新适宜度的实证研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(2)：109-113
[328]牛海鹏,赵同谦,张安录等.基于生态位适宜度的耕地可持续利用评价.生态学报,2009,29(10)：5535-5543
[329]邓平.湖南省高技术产业技术创新能力评价研究.http://tongji.hnst.gov.cn/show3.asp?InfoID=11
[330]王立明,刘丽文.外包的起源发展及研究现状综述.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(3)：151-156
[2]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统管理理论与应用.湖南：湖南大学出版社,2010,28-56
[3]Adner R.Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem. Harvard Business Review,2006,84(4):98-107
[4]Johne A.New Style Product Development. Management Decision,1992, 30(1):8-11
[5]Liedtka J M.Strategic Thinking:Can It be Taught?. Long Range Planning,1998, 31(1):120-129
[6]Kanter R M.The Change Masters:Innovation for Productivity in the American Corporation.New York:Simon and Schuster,1983,136-198
[7]贺团涛,曾德明.高科技企业创新生态系统形成机理研究.科技管理研究,2008,(11)：28-31
[8]党兴华,郑登攀.模块化技术创新网络的自组织演化模型研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：54-59
[9]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险识别与控制研究.财经理论与实践,2008,29(3)：113-116；
[10]张利飞.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合理论综评.研究与发展管理,2009,21(3)：70-75
[11]郑小勇.创新集群的形成模式及其政策意义探讨.外国经济与管理,2010,32(2)：58-65
[12]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统边界与结构解析.软科学,2008,22(11)：95-97,102
[13]Lundvall B A,Johnson B.The Learning Economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 1994,1(2):23-42
[14]Allen R H, Sriram R D. The Role of Standards in Innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2000,64(2-3):171-181
[15]潘海波,金雪军.技术标准与技术创新协同发展关系研究.中国软科学,2003,(10)：110-114
[16]胡皓,楼慧心.自组织理论与社会发展研究.上海：上海科技教育出版社.2002,112-168
[17]邱英,干胜道.企业可持续发展的新内涵解析.生态经济,2005,11(5)：67-69
[18]张平,马骁.标准化与知识产权战略.北京：知识产权出版社,2002,152-178
[19]顾力刚,方康.企业生态系统对企业可持续成长的影响分析.统计与决策.2007,(8)：171-173
[20]Hannan M T,Carroll G R. Dynamics of Organizational Populmions:Density, Legitimmion and Competition. Oxford University Press,1992,324-340
[21]Ndson R R, Winter S G.An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1982,182-209
[22]丁海鑫.基于生态学理论的中小企业网络组织演进研究：[西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文].西安：电子科技大学,2010,62-79
[23]黄鲁成.基于生态学的技术创新行为研究.北京：科学出版社,2007,18-111
[24]许芳,李建华.企业生态位原理及模型研究.中国软科学,2005,(5)：130-139
[25]大卫·布林尼.生态学.北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店出版社,2003,6-7
[26]马歇尔.经济学原理.北京：北京大学出版社,2001：283-284
[27]徐占忱,卜琳华,何明升.基于生态复杂性的区域集群创新系统优效性研究.系统管理学报,2007,16(5)：558-562
[28]Greiner L E.Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow. Harvard Business Review,1998,76(3):55-60
[29]Winter S G. Schumpeterian Competition in Alternative Technological Regimes. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations,1984,5(3-4):287-320
[30](美)伊查克·爱迪思.企业生命周期.北京：中国社会科学出社,1997,50-100
[31]阿里·德赫斯.长寿公司.北京：经济日报出版社,1998,107-126
[32]庞艳桃.高新技术企业可持续成长机理研究——基于企业生命周期理论的分析：[武汉理工大学博士论文].武汉：武汉理工大学,2009,78-96
[33]Jeffrey R.A Theory of Interdependent Demand for a Communications service.The Journal of Economics,1974,5(1):16-37
[34]Katz M L, Shapiro C.Network Externalities, Competition and Compatibility. American Economic Review.1985,75(3):424-440
[35]帅旭,陈宏民.网络外部性、转移成本与企业兼容性选择.系统工程理论与实践,2003,(9)：71-75
[36]Cargill C F. Standardization:the Necessary Luxury. Geo World,2004,(3): 143-178
[37]Swann P. The Economics of Standardization. Final Report for Standards and Technical Regulation Directorate, Department of Trade And Industry, UK, 2000,151-167
[38]Leveque F. Standards and Standards-setting Processes in the Field of the Environment. In:Hawkins R, Mansell R, Skea J. Standards, innovation and competitiveness:the politics and economics of standards in natural and technical environments. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,1995,325-342
[39]李保红,吕廷态.技术标准的经济学属性及有效形成模式分析.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2005,7(2)：25-28
[40]Knut Blind.The Economics of Standards:Theory, Evidence, Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK,2004,156-178
[41]Oz Shy. The Economics of Network Industries. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001,354-366
[42]Miller,R.Games of Innovation:A New Theoretical Perspective. International Journal of Innovation Management,2007,111(1):1-35
[43]葛霆,周华东.国际创新理论的七大进展.中国科学院院刊,2007,22(6)：441-447
[44]刘刚.创新理论最新研究综述.理论前沿,2010,(9)：88-91
[45]崔兆杰,司维,马新刚.生态农业模式构建与应用—以广饶县为例.生态经济(学术版),2007,(1)：214-217
[46]丁宪浩.统筹人与自然和谐发展开拓文明发展道路.中共珠海市委党校珠海市行政学院学报,2004,(6)：25-31
[47]武思标,徐涛.浅谈可持续发展的生态建筑.山西建筑,2009,35(1)：28-29
[48]付昆.循环经济是我国可持续发展的必然选择.商场现代化,2009,(3)：251-252
[49]李斌.基于可持续发展的我国环境经济政策研究：[中国海洋大学博士学位论文].青岛：中国海洋大学,2007,28-56
[50]殷光胜.试论可持续发展财富观.云南社会科学,2001,(1)：120-121
[51]张二勋,秦耀辰.论可持续发展时代的经济观.河南大学学报(社会科学版),2005,42(2)：19-23
[52]张洪慧,张亦学.论可持续发展的生产模式.济南大学学报(社会科学版),2002,12(5)：11-14
[53]刘予胜.基于生态承载力的电力可持续发展研究：[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].保定：华北电力大学,2010,6-21
[54]Richard R Nelson, Sidney G Winter. Evolutionary The organizing in Economics. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2002,16(2):23-46
[55]R A Frosch, N E Gallopoulos. Towards An Industrial Ecology in Treatment and Handling of Wastes. London Chapman and Hall 1992:269-292
[56]Iansiti & Levien.A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly,1983(28):223-244
[57](美)詹姆斯弗穆尔(James F.Moore),梁骏等译.竞争的衰亡.北京出版 社,1990,77-86
[58]Freeman. Value Innovation:the Strategic Logic of High Growth. Harvard Business Review,1997,75(1):102-112
[59]Ander. Turnaround and Recovery: What Strategy Do You Need? Long Range Planning,2001(1):84-96
[60]王大洲.企业经营管理基本规律与模式.杭州：浙江大学出版社,2001,54-67
[61]任锦鸾,顾培亮.基于复杂理论的创新系统研究.科学学研究,2002,(4)：437-440
[62]黄鲁成.区域技术创新系统研究：生态学的思考.科学学研究,2003,(2)：215-219
[63]刘友金.论集成式创新的组织模式.中国软科学,2002,(2)：71-75
[64]罗发友,刘友金.技术创新群落形成与演化的行为生态学研究.科学学研究,2004,22(1)：99-103
[65]黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的调节机制.系统辩证学学报,2004,12(2)：69-71
[66]李湘桔,詹勇飞.西方战略管理理论的发展历程：演进规律及未来趋势.外国经济与管理,2003(2)：7-12
[67]Kayano F, Chihiro W. Japanese and US Perspectives on the National Innovation Ecosystem.Technology in Society,2008,30(1):49-63
[68]Volberda H W, Fuller C B. Mastering Strategic Renewal. Long Range Planning.2001,(34):159-178
[69]石新泓.企业网络组织的演进及类型研究.决策借鉴,2002,(3)：67-69
[70]郭军灵.企业技术联盟的合作动机分析.科技情报开发与经济,2008,(18)：168-170
[71]王晓静.产品创新企业生存之本.锦州医学院学报(社会科学版),2005,3(1)：101-103
[72]Bensen Stanley M.,Farrell Joseph. Choosing how to Compete:Strategies and Tactics in Standardization. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1994,8(3):117-310
[73]贺团涛,曾德明.企业集成创新.北京：学林出版社,2001,78-82
[74]李子和,陈省平,郭汝丽.高新区高新技术群落的优化效应.中国软科学,1999,10：69-72
[75]朱斌,王渝.我国高新区产业集群持续创新能力研究.科学学研究,2004,22(5)：529-537
[76]王安宇,赵武阳.国内技术联盟研究新进展.研究与发展管理,2008,(3)：58-64
[77]曾德明,华金科,孙耀吾.基予技术标准的企业协作研发伙伴选择研究.科学学 与科学技术管理,2005,(11)：39-41,51
[78]Romano A, Passiante G., Elia V. New Source of Clustering in the Digital Economy. Journal of Small Business & Enterprise Development,2001,8(1):19-27
[79]Salomon, R., Byungchae, J. Does Knowledge Spill to Leaders or Laggards? Exploring Industry Heterogeneity in Learning by Exporting. Journal of International Business Studies,2008,39(1):132-150
[80]曾德明,秦吉波,周青等.高新技术企业R&D管理.清华大学出版社,2006,69-78
[81]Somchai Numprasertchai, Barbara Igel. Managing Knowledge Through Collaboration:Multiple Case Studies of Managing Research in University Laboratories in Thailand. Technovation,2005,25(10):1173-1182
[82]Van Berkel R, Bossilkov A. Sustainable Development Reporting in the Australian Minerals Processing Industry. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series,2004,(4):185-195
[83]Brodhag Christian, Taliere Sophie. Sustainable Development Strategies:Tools for Policy Coherence. Natural Resources Forum,2006,30(2):136-145
[84]Herkert J R.Sustainable Development and Engineering:Ethical and Public Policy Implications. International Symposium on Technology and Society, 1997,(5):175-180
[85]Harding R. Ecologically Sustainable Development:Origins, Implementation and Challenges. Desalination,2006,187(1):229-239
[86]Carter Kate, Fortune Chris. Sustainable Development Policy Perceptions and Practice in the UK Social Housing Sector. Construction Management and Economics,2007,25(4):399-408
[87]Mert Aysem.Partnerships for Sustainable Development as Discursive Practice: Shifts in Discourses of Environment and Democracy. Forest Policy and Economics,2009,11(2):109-122
[88]王忠武.科学技术可持续发展的系统学思考.系统辩证学学报,2005,12(1)：52-55
[89]杨多贵,陈韵锋,王海燕,等.中国区域可持续发展能力差距的系统学研究.系统辩证学学报,2002,10(2)：15-30
[90]杨多贵,牛文元,陈韵锋等.中国区域可持续发展综合优势能力评价.科学管理研究,2000,18(6)：70-78
[91]杨多贵,牛文元,陈韵锋.北京市与上海市可持续发展能力对比研究.上海经济研究,2000,(11)：28-33
[92]梁嘉骅,范建平,李常洪等.企业生态与企业发展：企业竞争对策.科学出版社, 2005,78-90
[93]Holsapplea CW, Joshi K.D. An Investigation of Factors that Influence the Management of Knowledge in Organizations. Journal of Strategic Information Systems,2000,(9):577-689
[94]刘刚.企业的异质性假设——对企业本质和行为的演化经济学解释.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005,118-130
[95]尼古莱·福斯等.《企业万能——面向企业能力理论》.沈阳：东北财经大学出版社,1998,120-156
[96]余光胜.企业知识理论.外国经济与管理,2000,22(2)：23-29
[97]Pavitt E,Nelson H J. Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology based Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 1991(22):587-613
[98]Spiex T A. Canopy Gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains Can.J.For.Res.1990, (20):649-658
[99]Odum E P.Fundamentals of Ecology.1959,25(4):399-408
[100]王刚,赵松岭,张鹏云等.关于生态位定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式改进的研究.生态学报,1984,4(2)：119-127
[101]曹鉴燎,王旭东,郑奔.可持续发展：我们共同的道路.北京：经济科学出版社2000,245-267
[102]葛振忠,梁嘉骅.企业生态位与现代企业竞争.华东经济管理,2004,(2)：113-116
[103]生延超.技术联盟的产生和发展：一个共生学的解释框架.中国科技论坛,2007,(1)：90-93
[104]梁嘉骅,葛振忠,范建平.企业生态与企业发展.管理科学学报,2002,5(2)：34-40
[105]何继善,戴卫明.产业集群的生态学模型及生态平衡分析.北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(1)：126-132
[106]万伦来.企业生态位及其评价方法研究.中国软科学,2004,(1)：73-77
[107]Cequn Lou, Xiaoxi Yang. Network Niche of E-business Enterprises. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology,2007,251(5):17-25
[108]Craedd T E. Allenby B R. Industrial Ecology.2008,22(5):298-320
[109]张白玉,孙启明.创意企业组织生态关系模型.北京邮电大学学报,2010,33(2)：24-28
[110]Hannan, Michael.T, John Freeman. The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Soicology,1977,82(5):929-964
[111]Hannan, J.T.,Freeman, J. Organizational Ecology, Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press,1989,255-276
[112]Amburgey,T.L, Rao, H. Organizational Ecology:Past, Present, and Future Directions. Academy of Management Journal,1996,39(5):1265-1286
[113]Dobrev, S.D, Kim, T.Y. Dynamics of Niches Width and Resource Partitioning. American Journal ofSociology,2001,106(5):1299-1337
[114]Bruderer, E,J.V Singh, Organizational Evolution, Learning and Selection:a Genetic-Algorithm-Based Model. Academy of Management Journal,1996,19(5): 1322-1349
[115]陈兵.创新要素的生态化配置研究.社会科学论坛,2007(4)：18-21
[116]陈辉.高新技术企业生态系统的运行机制研究：[西北大学博士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2006,28-52
[117]夏维力,伍佳妮.复杂产品系统创新信息生态系统的构建及分析.情报杂志,2009,28(5)：204-207
[118]宋敏,许长新.创建高新技术产业可持续发展生态系统的探讨.科技与经济,2003,16(5)：31-33
[119]Brad Allenby.Industrial Ecology,Information and Sustainability. Foresight, 2000,2(2):163-171
[120]王如松,杨建新.产业生态学和生态产业转型.世界科技研究与发展,2000,22(5)：24-32
[121]许艳霞,秦书生.产业结构创新与可持续发展.理论界,2001,(3)：57-58
[122]陈宇菲,丁静,刘志峰.产业集群生态系统的结构、演化及运作机制研究.科技管理研究,2009,29(10)：396-399
[123]Auden Schendler. Applying the Principles of Industrial Ecology to the Guest-Service Sector:Connections to a Deeper Industrial Ecology. Journal of Industrial Ecology,2003,7(1):127-138
[124]Rapport D J. What Constitutes Ecosystem Health? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine,1989,33(1):120-132
[125]Ulanowicz, R E. Growth and Development:Ecosystem Phenomenology. New York:springer,1896,203-210
[126]Rapport D.J., Whitford W.G..How Ecosystem Respond to Stress:Common Properties of Arid and Aquatic System Bioscience,1989,(49):193-203
[127]Costanza R. Special Section:Forum On Valuation of Ecosystem Services:The Value of Ecosystem Service.Ecological Economics,1998, (25):1-2
[128]苗红.区域技术创新生态系统协调性评价研究：[北京工业大学博士学位论文].北京：北京工业大学,2007,28-39
[129]Adomavicius G, Bockstedt J C, Gupta A, et al. Technology Roles and Paths of Influence in an Ecosystem Model of Technology Evolution.Information Technology and Management,2007,8(2):185-202
[130]杨志峰,邹珊刚.知识资源、知识存量和知识流量：概念、特征和测度.科研管理理,2000,21(4)：105-111
[131]陈娟,王文平,达庆利等.知识型企业资源配置的多Agent模型及仿真分析.系统仿真学报,2006,18(8)：2280-2284
[132]Shapiro C. Navigating the Patent Thicket:Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting.Innovation Policy and the Economy,2000(1):119-150
[133]Lerner J, Tirole J. Some Simple Economics of Open Source. Journal of Industrial Economics,2002,50(2):197-234
[134]张运生.高科技产业创新生态系统耦合战略研究.中国软科学,2009,(1)：134-143
[135]Knut Blind, Nikolaus Thumm.Interrelation Between Patenting and Standardization Strategies:Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications. Research Policy,2004, (33):1583-1598
[136]张平,马骁.标准化与知识产权战略.北京：知识产权出版社,2002,66-69
[137]Shapiro C., Varian H R. Information Rules:a Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Cambridge:Harvard Business School Press,1998,356-370
[138]李玉剑,宣国良.专利联盟：战略联盟研究的新领域.中国工业经济,2004,(2)：48-54.
[139]周寄中,侯亮,赵远亮.技术标准、技术联盟和创新体系的关联分析.管理评论,2006,18(3)：30-34
[140]Ollner J. The Company and Standardization(3rd edition). Sweden:Swedish Standards Institution press,1988,239-245
[141]Cargill Carl F. A Five-segment Model for Standardization. Cambridge, USA: Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure. MIT Press,1995,79-99
[142]Soderstrom E. Formulating a General Standards Life Cycle. Lecture Notes in Computer Science:,2004,(3084):263-275
[143]Steklove I. Synergetics in Science and Education, Russian Education and Society, 2004,46 (2):82-89
[144]Zucker, Lynne G, Darby M R. Capturing Technological Opportunity Via Japan's Star Scientists:Evidence from Japanese Firms' Biotech Patents and Products Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(1-2):37-58
[145]汤文仙.技术融合趋势及我国的技术融合战略.科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(19)：170-171
[146]Sampson R C.The Cost of Misaligned Governance in R&D Alliances. Journal of Law,Economics and OrgaIlization,2004,20(2):484-526
[147]黄玉杰,万迪畴.高技术企业联盟中的治理匹配及其绩效分析.研究与发展管理,2007,19(4)：8-15
[148]Funk J L. Competition between Regional Standards and the Success and Failure of Firm in World-Wide Mobile Communication Market Telecommunications Policy,1998,22(4-5):419-441
[149]栾永玉.高科技企业跨国创新生态系统：结构、形成、特征.财经理论与实践,2007,28(5)：113-116
[150]傅桦等.生态学原理与应用.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2008,15-20
[151]李振基等.生态学,北京：科学出版社,2000,140-141
[152]张运生.兼容性经济学研究进展.经济学动态,2009,(2)：105-110
[153]Klepper S.Firm Survival and the Evolution of Oligopoly. Rand Journal of Economics,2002,33:37-61
[154]Suarez, F. F., Utterback, J. M.Dominant Designs and the Survival of firms. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16:415-430
[155]Nonaka I, Takeuchi H. The Knowledge-creating Company. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995
[156]Nonaka,I.,Toyama,R.,Konno,N.SECI,Ba and Leadership:An Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation. Long Range Planning,2000,33(1):5-34
[157]李文博郑文哲：论企业集成创新系统的复杂性：混沌与分形.科学学研究,2006,8(4)：218-223
[158]熊彼特.经济发展理论.北京：商务印书馆,1990,236-244
[159]陈伟.创新管理.北京：科学出版社,1998,59-65
[160]Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing.11th Edition, Perarson Education Inc,2008:468-479
[161]Wiklund, J., Shepherd, D.Knowledge-based Resources, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and the Performance of Small and Medium-sized Businesses. Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1260-1314
[162]Rosenkranz, S. Simultaneous Choice of Process and Product Innovation when Consumers Have a Preference for Product Variety. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2003(50):183-201
[163]胡树华.面向产品创新的管理集成.中国软科学,2000(4)：87-89
[164]胡树华.产品创新管理：产品开发设计的功能成本分析.科学出版社,2000,76-80
[165]Henry W. Chesbrough. Open Innovation:the New Imperative for Creating and Profiting Technology. Harvard Business School Press,2003,145-187
[166]李岩.纵向与横向思维下的产品创新模式比较分析与21世纪中国企业产品创新.现代企业教育,2006(7)：170-171
[167]Jin-Jeng Huang. The Evolutionary Perspective of Knowledge Creation-A Mathematical Representation. Knowledge-Based Systems,2009,22(6):430-438
[168]和金生,罗正清.企业技术创新能力发展的知识增长模型研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007(6)：56-60
[169]杜静,魏江.知识存量的增长机理分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2004(1)：24-27
[170]李顺才,常荔,邹珊刚.企业知识存量的多层次灰关联评价.科研管理,2001,22(3)：73-78
[171]李顺才,邹珊刚,苏子仪.一种基于永续盘存的知识存量测度改进模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2003(9)：13-15
[172]曹兴,徐焕均,刘芳.企业内部知识流动行为及其影响因素研究.财经理论与实践,2009,30(160)：69-74
[173]Jianfeng Wu, Mark T. Shanley. Knowledge Stock, Exploration, and Innovation: Research on the United States Electrometrical Device Industry. Journal of Business Research,2009,62(4):474-483
[174]Lynne G. Zucker, Michael R. Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C. Liu, Hongyan Ma. Minerva Unbound: Knowledge Stocks, Knowledge Flows and New Knowledge Production. Research Policy,2007,36(6):850-863
[175]F.X. Molina-Morales. European Industrial Districts:Influence of Geographic Concentration on Performance of the Firm. Journal of International Management, 2001,(7):455-470
[176]Barney, J.Firm Resources and Sustained Completive Advantage. Journal of Management,1991,17(1):99-120
[177]Teece D J, Pisano G.The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms:An Introduction. Industrial corporate Change,1994,3(3):537-556
[178]Capron L,Dusauge P,Mitchell W.Resource Redeployment Following Horizontal Acquisitions in Europe and North America. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(7):631-661
[179]Das T K,Teng B Resource and Risk Management in the Strategic Alliance Making Process. Journal of Management,1998,24:21-42
[180]Demirbag M, Weir David. Resources and Equity Ownership in IJVs in Turkey. Thunderbird International Business Review,2006,48(1):55-76
[181]Miller D,Shamsie J.The Resource. Based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Film Studios from 1936 to 1965.Academy of Management Journal,1996,39:519-543
[182]Leonard-Barton,D.Core Capabilities and Core Rigidities:A Paradox in Managing New Product Development.Strategic Management Journal,1992,6(2): 175-185
[183]杨亚平.基于隐性知识转化的企业技术能力演进分析.工业技术经济,2006,(8)：22-25
[184]Nonaka I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge Creating Company.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995,189-201
[185]李莉,党兴华,张首魁.基于知识位势的技术创新合作中的知识扩散研究.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(4)：107-112
[186]尹美群.价值链的价值剖析及其解构.科研管理,2006,(1)：152-155
[187]张玉蓉,张旭梅.供应链中核心企业与供应商知识共享的分析与启示—丰田公司案例研究.科学管理研究,2006,24(2)：117-120
[188]Avneet S, Wadhwa S. Flexible Configuration for Seamless Supply Chains: Directions towards Decision Knowledge Sharing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2009,25(4-5):839-852
[189]Alan Harrison, Remko Van Iloek.Logistics Management and Strategy Competing Through The Supply Chain. Prentice Hall press,2002,58-79
[190]曹丽莉.多元供应链的构建融合推进产业集群创新升级.软科学,2009,23(1)：75-79.
[191]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2003,98-106
[192]Demarest M. Understanding Knowledge Management. Journal of Long Range Planning,1997,30(3):374-384
[193]Edward Truch.Journal of General Management.2001,26(3):26-39
[194]Chen Y L.A Study on the Modeling of Knowledge Value Chain. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,2004,(7):56-73
[195]迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述.外国经济与管理,2000,22(1)：25-29
[196]熊学兵.基于价值链的企业知识管理系统模型研究.中国科技论坛,2009,(1)：68-70
[197]Bhatt G D.Organizing Knowledge in the Knowledge Development Cycle. Journal of Knowledge Management,2000,4(1):15-26
[198]Choi B, Lee H. Knowledge Management Strategy and Its Link to Knowledge Creation Process. Expert Systems with Applications,2002,23(3):173-187
[199]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2003,98-106
[200]Weggeman M.C.D.P.Kennis management Inriching en besturing van intensive organisaties. Schiedam,1997,21-53
[201]Federica S, Antonello Z. Multinational Firms, Global Value Chains and the Organization of Knowledge Transfer. Research Policy,2009,38(2):369-381
[202]刘洪伟,和金生,马丽丽.知识发酵—知识管理的仿生学理论初探.科学学研究,2003,(5)：514-518
[203]Ferrary M,Granovetter M.The Role of Venture Capital Firms in Silicon Valley's Complex Innovation Network. Economy and Society,2009,38(2):326-359
[204]赵杨.国家创新系统中的信息资源协同配置研究：[武汉大学博士学位论文].武汉：武汉大学,2010,23-42
[205]Hanafizadeh P., Sherkat M. H. Designing Fuzzy-genetic Learner Model Based on Multi-agent Systems in Supply Chain Management. Expert Systems with Applications,2009,(36):186-205
[206]陈志祥,陈荣秋,马士华.论知识链与知识管理.科研管理,2000,(1)：44-49
[207]Prahalad C K, Haml G.Competing for the Future. Harvard Business School Press, 1994,72(4):122-128
[208]康荣平,柯银斌.核心能力论在中国的应用.科研管理,1999,(5)：1-4
[209]Fine C H.Clock Speed:Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Sloan School of Management,M.I.T,1998,11-16
[210]Ritter T,Wilkinson L F, Johnston W J.Measuring Network Competence:Some International Evidence. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,2002,17 (2-3):119-138
[211]Michel Callon, Jean-Pierre Courtial, P. Crance, et al. Tools for the Evaluation of Technological Programmes:An Account of Work Done at the Centre for the Sociology of Innovation[J].Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,1991,3(1):3-43
[212]Galaskiewicz J,Zaheer A. Networks of Competitive Advantage. In S Andrews, and D Knoke (Eds-).Research in the Sociology of Organization. Greenwich, Connecticut:JAI Press,1999,237-261
[213]Cote R.Designing Eco-industrial Parks:a Synthesis of Some Experiencs. Journal of Cleaner Production,1998,6(3):181-188
[214]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京：清华大学出版社,1998,77-78
[215]Reinganum J.Innovation and Industry Evolution. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1985,100(1):81-89
[216]Hall B H,Link A N,Scott J T.Barriers Inhibiting Industry from Partnering with Universities:Evidence from the Advanced Technology Program. Journal of Technology Transfer,2001,26(12):87-98
[217]Goller G.Competing, Complementary and Blocking Patent:Their Role in Determing.Antitrust Violation in the Area of Cross-Licensing, Patent Pooling and Package Licensing. Journal of Patent & Trademark Office Society,1968,22 (11):723-723
[218]李大平.高技术企业技术标准联盟知识产权战略研究：[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2007,51-55
[219]吴文华,曾德明.基于交易成本的技术标准联盟形成机理研究.财经理论与实践,2006,27(4)：88-91
[220]孙耀吾,贺石中,曾德明.知识产权、基本要素与技术标准化合作.中国工业经济,2006,(4)：81-87
[221]Loury G C.Market Structure and Innovation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1979,93(3):395-410
[222]Lee T,Wilde L.Mraket Structure and Innovation:A Reformulation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1980,94(2):429-436
[223]Reinganum J F.On the Diffusion of New Technology:a Game Theoretic Approach. Review of Economic Studies,1981,48(3):395-405
[224]Reinganum J F. A Dynamic Game of R&D:Patent Protection and Competitive Behavior Econometric. Journal of the Econometric Society,1982,50(3):671-687
[225]Reinganum J F.Uncertain Innovation and the Persistence of Monopoly. The American Economic Review,1983,73(4):741-748
[226]Fudenberg D,Gilbert R,Stiglitz J,etal. Preemption, Leapfrogging, and Competition in Patent Races. European Economic Review,1983,22(1):3-31
[227]Judd K L.Closed-Loop Equilibrium in a Multi-Stage Innovation Race. Economic Theory,2003,21(2):673-695
[228]Huang G Q,Mak K L.Modelling the Customer-supplier Interface over the World-wide Web to Facilitate Early Supplier Involvement in the New Product Development. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,2000,214(9):759-766
[229]RINGO T.IBM Explores New Frontiers in Collaborative Innovation. Research Technology Management,2007,50(5):6-7
[230]王斌.基于知识转移的战略联盟伙伴关系动态演化机理研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(4)：84-90
[231]Rosen C,et al. New Methods for Competitive Co-evolution.Evolutionary Computation,1997,5(1):1-29
[232]Moore J F. Predator and Prey:A New Ecology Competition. Harvard Business Review,1993,71(3):75-86
[233]蓝盛芳.试论达尔文进化论与协同进化论.生态科学,1995,(2)：167-170
[234]王立志,韩福荣.企业间的协同进化分析.科技管理研究,2003,(2)：89-93
[235]Enkel E,Gassman O.Driving Open Innovation in the Frontend:The IBM case. The EURAM Conference. Paris:2008,230-246
[236]常杰,葛滢.生物多样性的自组织、起源和演化.生态学报,2001,(7)：1180-1186
[237]张铁男,程广仁,才华.战略视角下的企业进化能力研究.管理世界,2006,(10)：28.32
[238]李松龄,生延超.技术联盟的共生演化分析.经济数学,2007,24(2)：192-198
[239]Dosi G,Fabiani S,Aversi R,etal.The Dynamics of International Differentiation:a Multi-country Evolutionary Model. Industrial & Corporate Change,1994, 3(1):225-242
[240]吴晓,聂品.技术系统演化与相应的知识演化理论综述.科研管理,2008,29(2)：103-114
[241]孙延臣.技术跨越论.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005,123-168
[242]解学梅,曾赛星.科技产业集群持续创新系统运作机理：一个协同创新观.科学学研究,2008,26(4)：838-845
[243]Cohen W M,Levinthal D A. Absorptive Capacity:A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly,1990,35(1):128-152
[244]Kogut B,Zander U.Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology. Organization Science,1992,3(3):383-397
[245]Fossa J N.Network,Capabilities and Competitive Advantage. Scandinavian Journal of Management,1999,15(1):1-15
[246]Jean T. Procurement and Renegotiation. Journal of Political Economy,1986,94 (2):235-259
[247]曾德明,陈立勇.利益相关者与企业绩效的理论与实证研究综述.经济学动态,2003,(3)：25-28
[248]Khanna T. The Scope of Alliances. Organization Science,1998,9(3):340-355
[249]孙国强.西方网络组织治理研究评介.外国经济与管理,2006,26(8)：8-12
[250]Jap S D. Pie Sharing in Complex Collaboration Contexts. Journal of Marketing Research,2001,38(1):86-99
[251]Robinson D T,Stuart T E. Network Effects in The Governance of Strategic Alliances in Biotechnology. The Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, 2007,23(1):242-273
[252]张运生,邹思明.高科技企业创新生态系统治理机制研究.科学学研究,2010,(5)：37-40
[253]Jason Gorss. GLOBALFOUNDRIES成立全球合作伙伴生态系统,推动行业协作http://www.zikoo.com/news/4iw3s276p.html,2010
[254]黄鲁成.区域技术创新生态系统的特征.中国科技论坛,2003,(1)：23-26
[255]Davila T, Epstein M J,Shelton R创新之道：持续创新力造就持久成长力.刘勃.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2007,68-73
[256]钱春海,肖英奎.网络外部性、市场“锁定”与标准选择——联通CDMA与移动GPRS市场竞争的经济学分析.中国工业经济,2003,(3)：14-20
[257]于全辉.网络外部性下企业创新行为的进化分析.科学学与科学技术管理,2006,27(9)：51-55
[258]吴晓波,郑健壮.企业集群技术创新环境与主要模式的研究.研究与发展管理,2003,15(2)：1-5
[259]杭雪花,施琴芬,闻曙明.产业集群与区域创新环境互动关系分析——以苏州为例.研究与发展管理,2005,17(12)：101-106
[260]张华胜,薛澜.技术创新管理新范式：集成创新.中国软科学,2002,(12)：6-22
[261]刘志峰.区域创新生态系统的结构模式与功能机制研究.科技管理研究,201 0,30(21)：9-13
[262]康胜.企业集群可持续发展问题的思考.未来与发展,2004,(2)：5-10
[263]Schifrin M.Is Your Company Magnetic.Forbes,2001,6(21):12-16
[264]Mowery D C,Oxley J E,Silverman B S.Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer.Strategic Management Journal,1996,17:77-91
[265]张运生.高科技企业创新生态系统风险生成机理探究.科学学研究,2009,27(6)：925-931
[266]Chiesa V,Manzini R. Organization for Technological Collaborations:A Managerial Perspective. R&D Management,1998,28(3):199-212
[267]伍蓓,陈劲,吴增源.企业研发外包的模式、特征及流程探讨——基于X集团汽车制造案例研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(2)：56-63
[268]Gilley K M,Rasheed A. Making More by Doing less:An Analysis of Outsourcing and its Effects on Firm Performance. Journal of Management,2000,26(4): 763-790
[269]Arnold U. New Dimensions of Outsourcing:A Combination of Transaction Cost Economics and the Core Competencies Concept. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,2000,6(1):23-29
[270]Balaehandra R,Friar H J.Factors for Success in R&D Projects and New Product Innovation:A Contextual Framework. Engineering Management,1997,44(3): 276-287
[271]琳达·科恩,阿莉·扬.资源整合：超越外包新模式.虞海侠.北京：商务印书馆,2007,58-96
[272]魏龙,张娟.跨国公司在华R&D投资的演进与动因分析.世界经济研究,2006,(2)：65-70
[273]Veugelers R. Collaboration in R&D:an Assessment of Theoretical and Empirical Findings. De Economist,1998,146(3):419-443
[274]Kendall W A. Asset Specificity, Uncertainty and Relational Norms: an Examination of Coordination Costs in Collaborative Strategic Alliances.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,2000,(4):337-362
[275]Harrigan K R. Strategic Alliances and Partner Asymmetries. Management International Review,1988,(4):205-226
[276]Kogut B.Joint Ventures:Theoretical and empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal,1988,(4):319-332.
[277]许春.企业学习能力与研发合作契约稳定性.科学学研究,2004,22(3)：312-316
[278]曾忠禄.公司战略联盟组织与运作.北京：中国发展出版社,1999,39-58
[279]Antoine Bureth. The Two Faces of Learning by Cooperating:the Evolution and Stability of Inter-firm Agreements in the European Electronics Industry. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization,1997,32(4):519-537
[280]陈剑锋,唐振鹏.国外产业集群研究综述.外国经济与管理,2002,24(8)：22-27
[281]傅荣,裘丽,张喜征等.产业集群参与者交互偏好与知识网络演化模型与仿真.中国管理科学,2006,14(4)：128-133
[282]周晔.产业集群知识系统研究：基于网络演进与企业行为的分析：[东南大学博士学位论文].南京：东南大学经济管理学院,2006,23-37
[283]Schilling M.A,Phelps C.C. Interfirm Collaboration Networks:The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation. Management Science, 2007,53(7):1113-1126
[284]陈得文,陶良虎.产业集群知识网络运行分析.商品储运与养护.2008,30(2)：44-47
[285]王贤梅.产业集群知识系统特性研究.技术与市场.2008,9：36-37
[286]夏兰,周钟山等.基于网络结构视角的产业集群演化和创新.北京：中国市场出版社,2006,55-65
[287]孙锐.基于知识网络扩展学习的知识团队创新研究.科学学与科学技术管理, 2006,(10)：130-134
[288]吴永忠.企业创新网络的形成及其演化.自然辩证法研究,2005,21(9)：69-72
[289]Bruge K. The Network as Knowledge:Generative Rules and the Emergence of Structure. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(3):405-425
[290][Borgatti S P. Centrality and Network Flow. Social Network,2005,27:55-71
[291]Doz Y L,Olk P M, Ring P S. Formation Processes of R&D Consortia:Which Path of Take? Where does it Lead?. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21 (3):239-266
[292]Malipiero A, Munari F,Sobrero M.Focal Firms as Technological Gatekeepers within Industrial Districts:Knowledge Creation and Dissemination in the Italian Ppackaging Machinery Industry. DRUID Working Paper,2005
[293]杨艳萍,孙华.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究,2008,(2)：24-26
[294]Sorenson O,Jan W.Rivkin,Fleming L. Complexity, Networks and Knowledge Flow. Research Police,2006,35(7):994-1017
[295]Albert R, Jeong H, Barabasi A-L.Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks. Reviews of Modern Physics,2002,74(1):47-97
[296]工大洲.企业创新网络的进化机制分析.科学学研究,2006,24(5)：780-786
[297]池仁勇.区域中小企业创新网络的结点联结及其效率评价研究.管理世界,2007,(1)：105-121
[298]Elisa Giuliani,Carlo Pietrobelli. Social Network Analysis Methodologies for the Evaluation of Cluster Development Programs, IDB Publications, Inter-American Development Bank,2011,35-40
[299]尹建华,王玉荣.资源外包网络的进化：一个社会网络的分析方法.南开管理评论,2005,8(6)：75-79
[300]初言玲,罗冰.基于”结构-信息-协同”的技术创新生态动力体系的构建.山东纺织经济,2010,(1)：18-20
[301]M·艾根.超循环论.上海：上海译文出版社,1990,98-136
[302]全继业.基于超循环理论的科技型中小企业发展战略研究.经济管理,2005,(14)：65-71
[303]周慧琴.超循环论对生命复杂性与有序性的揭秘.系统辩证学学报1994,(2)：64-67
[304]王大洲.企业技术创新过程中对知识的运用：中西比较与启示.科学管理研究,2001,(4)：1-4
[305]顾志燕,戴伟辉.电子信息产业的可持续创新生态链研究.软科学,2006,(4)： 99-101
[306]吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理,2007,(8)：119-123
[307]Persaud A. Enhancing Synergistic Innovative Capability in Multinational Corporations:An Empirical Investigation. Product Innovation Management, 2005,22(5):412-429
[308]吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理,2007,(8)：119-123
[309]Athreye S S.Competition, Rivalty and Innovative Behavior. Economics of Innovation & New Technology,2001,10(1):1-21
[310]陆宏芳,蓝盛芳,李雷等.评价系统可持续发展能力的能值指标.中国环境科学,2002,22(4)：380-384
[311]曹萍,陈福集.基于ANP理论的企业技术创新能力评价模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2010,(2)：67-71
[312]王灵梅,李政,倪维斗.多联产系统的能值评估.动力工程,2006,26(2)：278-283
[313]陈明炜.企业技术创新能力评价体系：[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连：大连理工大学,2006,28-39
[314]单红梅.企业技术创新绩效的综合模糊评价及其应用册.科研管理,2002,23(6)：120-124
[315]Tang J Z, Zou S G. The Multilevel Grey Evaluation of Technological Innovation Ability of Industries.Science & Technology Progress and Policy,1999,16(5): 46-48
[316]吴永林,高洪深,林晓言.企业技术创新能力的多级模糊综合评价.数量经济技术经济研究,2003,14(3)：19-21
[317]朱祖平,朱彬.基于BP神经网络的企业技术创新效果的模糊综合评价.系统工程理论与实践,2003,23(9)：16-21
[318]Evangelista R. Measuring Innovation in European Industry. International Journal of the Economics and Business,1998,5(3):311-332
[319]李柏洲,朱晓霞.基于耗散与灰关联熵的RIS演化机制研究.科学学研究,2007,(12)：1239-1243
[320]李自珍,赵松龄,张鹏云.生态位适宜度理论及其在作物生长系统中的应用.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1993,29(4)：219-224
[321]马富裕,杨建荣,郑重等.北疆高产棉花密度与打项时许调控的生态位适宜度研究.生态学杂志,2005,24(2)：136-140
[322]胡春雷,肖玲.生态位理论与方法在城市研究中的应用.地域研究与开 发,2004,23(2)：13-16
[323]廖红娟,徐建华,岳文泽.城市生态系统适宜度的时空对比分析.生态科学,2003,22(4)：300-304
[324]Wang H H, Liu Y F. Research on Optimal Allocation Model of Land Resource Based on Niche and CA. China Population, Resources and Environment,2008, 18(2):97-102
[325]Meng D Y, Lu Y Q. A Study on the City Based on the Niche Theory. A Real Research and Development,2008,27(2):56-58
[326]李自珍,韩晓卓,李文龙.具有生态位构建作用的种群进化动力学模型及其应用研究.应用数学和力学,2006,27(3)：293-299
[327]周青,陈畴镛,张定华.浙江区域技术创新适宜度的实证研究.研究与发展管理,2009,21(2)：109-113
[328]牛海鹏,赵同谦,张安录等.基于生态位适宜度的耕地可持续利用评价.生态学报,2009,29(10)：5535-5543
[329]邓平.湖南省高技术产业技术创新能力评价研究.http://tongji.hnst.gov.cn/show3.asp?InfoID=11
[330]王立明,刘丽文.外包的起源发展及研究现状综述.科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(3)：151-156