铅粘弹性阻尼器的性能试验和耗能减震结构的设计方法
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摘要
结构振动控制是一种新型的抗震技术，利用耗能器进行结构减震就是一种有效的被动控制方法，能有效的减小建筑结构的风振和地震反应。因此，国内外已有越来越多的专家投入到此方面进行研究，并已取得了一些成果，但在新型阻尼材料和阻尼器的开发研究、阻尼器的性能、阻尼结构的分析和设计等方面仍然存在很多问题，有待进一步解决完善。
本文对新型的铅粘弹性阻尼器进行了性能试验，建立了其的恢复力曲线模型，在此基础上结合耗能减震控制技术的研究成果，建立了耗能减震结构的设计方法，给出了具体算例，并对铅粘弹性阻尼器在一项实际工程中的应用进行了分析说明。全文共分为五章。
第一章回顾总结了耗能减震控制技术的研究现状和存在问题，阐明了本课题的目的、意义以及研究的内容。
第二章对粘弹性阻尼器和铅粘弹性阻尼器进行了性能试验，以考察阻尼器的耗能性能和各影响参数对其性能的影响规律。
第三章研究论述铅粘弹性阻尼器的几种力学模型，给出模型中参数的确定方法，从描述阻尼器耗能准确性和合理性的角度对比两种模型的优缺点。
第四章从能量的角度阐述了耗能减震设计的原理，提出了设计准则，给出了耗能减震结构抗震设计的统一方法，并以两个算例进行说明，最后对铅粘弹性阻尼器在一项实际工程中的应用进行分析论述。
第五章作为全文的结论和展望，指出了文中有待解决的问题和本课题的进一步研究、发展方向。
由于耗能减震结构设计设计的内容较广，加之本文作者的能力有限，文中定会存在一些缺点和错误，敬请各位学者和专家批评指正。
Structure vibration control is a new kind of anti-earthquake technique. Structural damping by energy dampers is one of effective passive control methods and can effectively reduce structure's wind vibration and earthquake response. So at home and abroad more and more experts study on energy dampers, and acquire many achievements, but there are many problems about new damping material and damper's study, the mechanical ability of dampers, damping structure's analysis and design etc., so these problems require to be solved and completed.
In this paper, the properties of new damper -lead viscoelastic damper are experimental studied, and its mechanical model is also founded. Based on the achievements of energy dissipation we establish the analysis design method about energy dissipation structure and give an example. There are 5 chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 reviews the present state and problems about energy dissipation techniques. Meanwhile, the significance and contents of this paper are introduced.
Chapter 2 according to the results of experiment on viscoelastic damper and lead- viscoelastic damper, the effects of the laws concerning different parameters on the behavior of the damper are obtained.
Chapter 3 based on several mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of LVED, two lands of mechanical models which used to analyze the mechanical abilities of LVED are compared.
Chapter 4 explains the principle of energy dissipation in the view of energy, gives the design code and unified method for energy dissipation struture by two examples, finally states a real engineering which uses the LVED.
Chapter 5 the conclusions, problems and future research topics of this item are summarized.
In this thesis, due to writer's poor knowledge, there must be some faults and shortcomings in the paper.
Any Suggestions and Critics are Welcomed
本文对新型的铅粘弹性阻尼器进行了性能试验，建立了其的恢复力曲线模型，在此基础上结合耗能减震控制技术的研究成果，建立了耗能减震结构的设计方法，给出了具体算例，并对铅粘弹性阻尼器在一项实际工程中的应用进行了分析说明。全文共分为五章。
第一章回顾总结了耗能减震控制技术的研究现状和存在问题，阐明了本课题的目的、意义以及研究的内容。
第二章对粘弹性阻尼器和铅粘弹性阻尼器进行了性能试验，以考察阻尼器的耗能性能和各影响参数对其性能的影响规律。
第三章研究论述铅粘弹性阻尼器的几种力学模型，给出模型中参数的确定方法，从描述阻尼器耗能准确性和合理性的角度对比两种模型的优缺点。
第四章从能量的角度阐述了耗能减震设计的原理，提出了设计准则，给出了耗能减震结构抗震设计的统一方法，并以两个算例进行说明，最后对铅粘弹性阻尼器在一项实际工程中的应用进行分析论述。
第五章作为全文的结论和展望，指出了文中有待解决的问题和本课题的进一步研究、发展方向。
由于耗能减震结构设计设计的内容较广，加之本文作者的能力有限，文中定会存在一些缺点和错误，敬请各位学者和专家批评指正。
Structure vibration control is a new kind of anti-earthquake technique. Structural damping by energy dampers is one of effective passive control methods and can effectively reduce structure's wind vibration and earthquake response. So at home and abroad more and more experts study on energy dampers, and acquire many achievements, but there are many problems about new damping material and damper's study, the mechanical ability of dampers, damping structure's analysis and design etc., so these problems require to be solved and completed.
In this paper, the properties of new damper -lead viscoelastic damper are experimental studied, and its mechanical model is also founded. Based on the achievements of energy dissipation we establish the analysis design method about energy dissipation structure and give an example. There are 5 chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 reviews the present state and problems about energy dissipation techniques. Meanwhile, the significance and contents of this paper are introduced.
Chapter 2 according to the results of experiment on viscoelastic damper and lead- viscoelastic damper, the effects of the laws concerning different parameters on the behavior of the damper are obtained.
Chapter 3 based on several mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of LVED, two lands of mechanical models which used to analyze the mechanical abilities of LVED are compared.
Chapter 4 explains the principle of energy dissipation in the view of energy, gives the design code and unified method for energy dissipation struture by two examples, finally states a real engineering which uses the LVED.
Chapter 5 the conclusions, problems and future research topics of this item are summarized.
In this thesis, due to writer's poor knowledge, there must be some faults and shortcomings in the paper.
Any Suggestions and Critics are Welcomed
引文
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3．周云，徐彤．耗能减震技术的回顾与前瞻．力学与实践，2000，No．3
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6．周云，刘季．耗能减震技术研究与应用进展．世界地震工程，1995，11(1)：20-28
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9. D.Bernardini, F.Brancaleoni and C.Valente: A Finite Element Model for the Simulation of Shape Memory Alloys Based Seismic Protection Devices, Proceedings of The 11th European
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998
10． 王社良，苏三庆，沈亚鹏：形状记忆合金拉索被动控制 结构地震响应分析，土木工程学报，Vol．33，No．1，2000
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15． A.Pall, S.Vezina etal. : Friction Dampers for A Seismic Design of Canadian Space Agency. Tenth of Weec, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992
16． 刘伟庆：低周反复荷载作用下摩擦阻尼支撑框架的实验 研究．土木工程学报,Vol．5，1996
17． Airma, F.Myazki, M., Tanaka, Hand Yamazaki, Y..A study on building with large damping using viscous damping walls, Proc.of 9WCEE, Vol.5, Yokyo-Kyoto, Japan, 1998
18． F.M.Mazzolani and G.Serino, dynamic dampers for seismic protection of a steel frame structures in Naples, International Post-Smirt Conference Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibration of
Structures, Taormina, Italy, August 25-27, 1997
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24．周云，徐龙河．半主动磁流体变阻尼控制方法的比较与分析．地震工程与工程振动，2000，Vol．7，No．1
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2．刘季，周云．结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况(下)．主动控制、混合控制及半主动控制．哈尔滨建筑大学学报，Vol．28，No．5，1995
3．周云，徐彤．耗能减震技术的回顾与前瞻．力学与实践，2000，No．3
4．周云，刘季．新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究．地震工程与工程抗震．Vol．18，No．1，1998
5. G.W. Hounser, L.A.Bergman, T.K. Caughey, A.G.Chassiakos, R.O. claus, S.F. Masri, R.E. Skelton, T.T. Soong, B.F. SpencerJ.T.P. Yao, Structure control: past, present, and future, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, September, 1997: 897-971
6．周云，刘季．耗能减震技术研究与应用进展．世界地震工程，1995，11(1)：20-28
7．周云，周福霖，邓雪松．铅阻尼器的研究与应用．世界地震工程，1999，15(1)
8. P.R.Witting, F.A.Cozzarelli: Shape Memory Structural Damper: Material Properties, Design and Deidmic Testing. Report No. NCEE-92-0013, NCEER, State Univ. Of New York at Buffalo, May, 1992
9. D.Bernardini, F.Brancaleoni and C.Valente: A Finite Element Model for the Simulation of Shape Memory Alloys Based Seismic Protection Devices, Proceedings of The 11th European
Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1998
10． 王社良，苏三庆，沈亚鹏：形状记忆合金拉索被动控制 结构地震响应分析，土木工程学报，Vol．33，No．1，2000
11． I.D.Aiken, D.K.Nims and J.M. Kelly: Comparative Study of Four Passive Energy Dissipation Systems. Bull.N.I,Nay, Soc. for arthquake, Vol.25, No.3, 1992
12． YAdachi: Experimental Study on Seismic Response Control of Bridge by Damper Device Using Shape Memory Alloy. 2WCPC, Japan, 1996
13． G.W. Hounser, L.A.BergmanT.K. Caughey, A.G.Chassiakos, RO. claus, S.F. Masri, RE. Skelton, T.T. Soong, B.F. SpencerJ.T.P.Yao, Structure control: past, present, and future, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, September, 1997: 897-971
14． A.Filiatrault, S.Cherry: Seismic Design Spectra for Friction Damped Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering , Vol.116, No.5, May, 1990
15． A.Pall, S.Vezina etal. : Friction Dampers for A Seismic Design of Canadian Space Agency. Tenth of Weec, Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992
16． 刘伟庆：低周反复荷载作用下摩擦阻尼支撑框架的实验 研究．土木工程学报,Vol．5，1996
17． Airma, F.Myazki, M., Tanaka, Hand Yamazaki, Y..A study on building with large damping using viscous damping walls, Proc.of 9WCEE, Vol.5, Yokyo-Kyoto, Japan, 1998
18． F.M.Mazzolani and G.Serino, dynamic dampers for seismic protection of a steel frame structures in Naples, International Post-Smirt Conference Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibration of
Structures, Taormina, Italy, August 25-27, 1997
19. A.Marioni, A.Silvestri, M.Ubaldini, Development and application of energy dissipation system in the EC countries-Part2: Electro-Inductive Energy Dissipators, International Post-Smirt Conference Seminar on Seismic Isolations, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibration of Structures, Taormina, Italy, August 25-27, 1997
20. A.Marioni, A.Silvestri, M.Ubaldini, Development and Applucation of Innovative Energy Dissipation Systems in the EC Countries-Part2: Electro-Inductive Energy Dissipaters, International Part-Smirt Conference Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibration of Structures, Taormina, Italy, August 25-27, 1997
21. Zhou Yun, Liu Ji, Deng Xuesong: Experimental Study on Mixed Steel Yielding-Friction Energy Dissipaters. The Fifth International Conference on Tali Buildings, Hong Kong, 1998
22．徐彤，周云，周福霖．房屋加固改造新技术的研究及应用．建筑结构(已录用，待发表)
23．周云．新型阻尼器的实验研究与耗能减震结构的设计方法．[博士后研究工作报告]，哈尔滨工业大学，2000
24．周云，徐龙河．半主动磁流体变阻尼控制方法的比较与分析．地震工程与工程振动，2000，Vol．7，No．1
25. Avtar S. Poll., Rashmi Pall. Friction-dampers for seismic control of buildings-A C anadian experience, Proc. of 11WCEE, 1996
26. Skinner, R.I. Robinson, W.H.Mc Verry. G.An Introduction to seismic isolation. Wily, Chrichester, England, 1993
27． A.Marioni, A.Silvestri, M.Ubaldini. Development and application of innova-tive energy dissipation systems in the EC Countries part 1: EC Project Reeds, International Post-SMirt Conference Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control of Seismic Vibration of Structures, Taormina, Italy, August 25-27, 1997
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