气体渗氮炉温控系统的仿真技术研究
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摘要
这篇论文以作者本人在原工作单位的技术改造实践中(即渗氮炉的技术改造)所遗留下来的技术问题为背景，根据气体渗氮工艺的具体需要，首先提出了用UML对渗氮炉温控系统进行总体的需求分析和系统实物建模以明确温控系统的功能需求及各对象间的交互，在此基础上分析得出温控系统实现的关键所在即PID控制器的分析设计和实现，由气体渗氮炉存在较大的温度滞后这一特性，初步提出用带纯滞后补偿的PID控制器来实现温控系统的温度控制，随后借助于MATLAB6.5平台对带纯滞后补偿的PID控制器和常规的PID控制器进行参数的设计与整定，进而在MATLAB6.5的Simulink仿真环境中对基于两种不同PID控制器的渗氮炉的两种温控系统的设计方案进行了仿真实现及仿真结果比较，结果表明，采用带纯滞后补偿的PID控制系统的鲁棒性较常规的PID控制系统好。为了进一步降低渗氮炉到温前的温度超调量及过渡时间，又提出用一个模式控制器来进行多种升温方式的选择并在Simulink环境中对带有模式控制器的温控系统进行了仿真实现，仿真结果表明带模式控制器的渗氮炉温控系统的控温效果又要优于带纯滞后补偿的PID控制系统。这一仿真研究结果对于传统的位式控温的工业电阻炉的温控系统的技术改造有一定的借鉴、参考作用。最后作为一种尝试，针对小型企业的实际情况用Delphi6.0开发工具构建一个小型渗氮工艺数据库系统以方便从事渗氮工艺的技术人员参考和使用。
This paper is based on the problem of technique improvement of gas-nitriding furnace. According to the demand of the technology of gas nitriding, the author firstly put forward total demand analysis and systematic model-making for gas-nitriding furnace's temperature control system with UML in order to definite the temperature control system's functional requirement and the interaction of each object in this system on the basis of this idea. It's thought that the key step for realizing the temperature control system is the analysis and the design of the PID controller. Considering that the gas-nitriding furnace has significant temperature lag, the author initially pointed out the opinion of realizing the system of temperature control by PID controller with pure lag compensation and then designed the parameter of PID controller with pure lag compensation and ordinary PID controller by MATLAB6.5. Furthermore , the two temperature control system formed by two different PID controller are simulated and compared b
ased on the MATLAB6.5's Simulink circumstances. The result suggests that the robust of the PID control system with pure lag compensation is better than that of the ordinary PID control system. In order to decrease the over-adjusting in temperature and transaction time, a multi-model selector was provided to different scenarios of ascending temperature to make this system be simulated under Simulink's circumstances. The result of simulation demonstrated that the effect of the system temperature control with model selector is superior to that of the system with PID controller or with pure lag compensation. The research works in this simulation holds an active reference and can be used to improve the technology in the temperature control system of the traditional industrial electric-furnace in which The only method of temperature control is on and off. Finally, as an attempt, an tiny database on nitrogen technology is developed for small industry as the technician's reference.
This paper is based on the problem of technique improvement of gas-nitriding furnace. According to the demand of the technology of gas nitriding, the author firstly put forward total demand analysis and systematic model-making for gas-nitriding furnace's temperature control system with UML in order to definite the temperature control system's functional requirement and the interaction of each object in this system on the basis of this idea. It's thought that the key step for realizing the temperature control system is the analysis and the design of the PID controller. Considering that the gas-nitriding furnace has significant temperature lag, the author initially pointed out the opinion of realizing the system of temperature control by PID controller with pure lag compensation and then designed the parameter of PID controller with pure lag compensation and ordinary PID controller by MATLAB6.5. Furthermore , the two temperature control system formed by two different PID controller are simulated and compared b
ased on the MATLAB6.5's Simulink circumstances. The result suggests that the robust of the PID control system with pure lag compensation is better than that of the ordinary PID control system. In order to decrease the over-adjusting in temperature and transaction time, a multi-model selector was provided to different scenarios of ascending temperature to make this system be simulated under Simulink's circumstances. The result of simulation demonstrated that the effect of the system temperature control with model selector is superior to that of the system with PID controller or with pure lag compensation. The research works in this simulation holds an active reference and can be used to improve the technology in the temperature control system of the traditional industrial electric-furnace in which The only method of temperature control is on and off. Finally, as an attempt, an tiny database on nitrogen technology is developed for small industry as the technician's reference.
引文
[1] 张宪霞，王健，秦霆镐．用S-函数构造多模控制器在温控系统中的应用[J]．北京：计算机仿真，2003，第20卷第7期：116-117．
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[5] 施阳，严卫生等 MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK [M]．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001．
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[22] 孙惠民．UML设计实作宝典[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2003．
[23] 王志伟，黄超．Delphi 企业经验管理系统开发实例导航[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[24] 乔建行，陶川．Delphi 项目案例导航[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002．
[25] 凌维业，芮执元，杨萍．计算机仿真在制造业的应用与发展[EB／OL]．http://www.e-works.net.cn/ewk Articles/Category29/Article8494.htm,2001.
[26] 黎宇．标准建模语言UML在软件开发中的应用[EB/OL]. http://www.chinauml.net/UML/UML YY/20040402/123133.html, 2004.
[27] Katsuhiko Ogata, K. Modern Control Engineering (Third Edition) [M]. Prentice Hall, a simon & Schuster Company, 1998.
[28] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, Addison-Wesley.The Unified Language Reference Manual [M]. 1998.
[2] [美] Joseph Schmuller，李虎，王美英，万里威 译 UML基础、案例与应用[M]．人民邮电出版社，2002．
[3] 周雪琴，安锦文．计算机控制系统[M]．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1998．
[4] [美] wendy Boggs Michael Boggs，邱仲潘 等译 UML与Rational Rose从入门到精通[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[5] 施阳，严卫生等 MATLAB语言精要及动态仿真工具 SIMULINK [M]．西安：西北工业大学出版社，2001．
[6] 范玉顺，曹军威．复杂系统的面向对象建模、分析与设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，1999．
[7] 张裕益．UML理论与实作——个案例讨论与经验分享[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002．
[8] 尤克滨．UML应用建模实践过程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[9] 耿香月，赵乃勤．工程材料学[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，2002．
[10] 谢剑英 贾青．微型计算机控制技术 (第三版) [M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[11] 薛定宇，陈阳泉 基于MATLAB／Simulink 的系统仿真技术与应用 [M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[12] 姚俊，马松辉．Simulink 建模与仿真 [M]．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003．
[13] 樊新民，孔见，孙斐．材料科学与工程中的计算机技术[M]．徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2000．
[14] Jim Arlow，Ila Neustadt，方贵宾，李侃，张罡 译 UML和统一过程 实用面向对象的分析和设计[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[15] Sinan Si Albir，常晓波译 UML技术手册[M]．北京：中国电力出版社，2002．
[16] 董良，高磊．深入浅出 Delphi 6 [M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[17] 邵世煌．计算机控制技术[M]．北京：纺织工业出版社，1991．
[18] 朱麟章．试验参量的检测与控制[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1989．
[19] 韩利竹，王华．MATLAB 电子仿真与应用[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[20] 刘金琨．先进PID控制器及其MATLAB仿真[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[21] 李嗣福．计算机控制基础[M]．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，2001．
[22] 孙惠民．UML设计实作宝典[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2003．
[23] 王志伟，黄超．Delphi 企业经验管理系统开发实例导航[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[24] 乔建行，陶川．Delphi 项目案例导航[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002．
[25] 凌维业，芮执元，杨萍．计算机仿真在制造业的应用与发展[EB／OL]．http://www.e-works.net.cn/ewk Articles/Category29/Article8494.htm,2001.
[26] 黎宇．标准建模语言UML在软件开发中的应用[EB/OL]. http://www.chinauml.net/UML/UML YY/20040402/123133.html, 2004.
[27] Katsuhiko Ogata, K. Modern Control Engineering (Third Edition) [M]. Prentice Hall, a simon & Schuster Company, 1998.
[28] James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, Addison-Wesley.The Unified Language Reference Manual [M]. 1998.