离网型异步风力发电系统的控制技术研究
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摘要
发展离网型风力发电系统对解决我国远离电网地区的电力供应问题有着极为实际的意义。而异步发电机因其结构简单、价格低廉和经久耐用等诸多优点容易满足风电系统对高可靠性和免维护的要求。本文针对离网型异步风电系统展开了一系列的研究工作。
论文介绍了国内外风电发展的现状及趋势,揭示了离网型异步风电系统的特点和意义；分析了风力发电机组的工作机理,建立了离网型异步风电系统的动态数学模型,依据风力机的运行特性采用爬山搜索法控制策略进行最大风能跟踪,研究了异步电机的坐标变换,处理了磁路饱和效应；讨论了风速和负载随机变化对风电系统的频率和电压的影响,提出采用直流端接有蓄电池的电压源型逆变器,使得能量可以双向流动,方便调节有功功率和无功功率,实现系统电压和频率的稳定控制；应用负序分量补偿法,克服了发电机因负载不平衡而产生的转矩脉动。
最后通过仿真软件MatLab/Simulink对系统进行了建模和仿真,验证了控制策略的正确性和可行性。
Developing off-grid wind power generating system is necessary to solve our country's power supply problems in areas far from power grids. Induction generator has many advantageous features, such as simple structure, low cost, reliable operation and so on, which is easy to meet wind power system's performance requirements, for example, high reliability and free maintenance. In this paper, a series of studies on off-grid wind power generating system are launched.
The development status and trends of the domestic and international wind power has been introduced, the meaning and characteristics of off-grid wind power with induction generators has been revealed; the basic principles of wind turbine have been analyzed, a dynamic mathematical modeling of off-grid wind power system with induction generators has been conducted, the climbing method, based on the operating characteristics of wind turbine, has been used to maximize wind energy tracking, the coordinate transformation of the induction generator has been investigated, and magnetic saturation effects have been treated; effects of randomness of wind speed and volatility of loads on off-grid wind power system's frequency and voltage have been discussed, a strategy that uses a voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link, having the bi-direction flowing ability of energy, convenient to regulate active and reactive power for the stability control of system's voltage and frequency, has been proposed; the torque ripple of the generator caused by load imbalance has been greatly reduced by the application of negative sequence component compensation method.
Finally, simulation model has been created by the simulation software MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the control strategy.
论文介绍了国内外风电发展的现状及趋势,揭示了离网型异步风电系统的特点和意义；分析了风力发电机组的工作机理,建立了离网型异步风电系统的动态数学模型,依据风力机的运行特性采用爬山搜索法控制策略进行最大风能跟踪,研究了异步电机的坐标变换,处理了磁路饱和效应；讨论了风速和负载随机变化对风电系统的频率和电压的影响,提出采用直流端接有蓄电池的电压源型逆变器,使得能量可以双向流动,方便调节有功功率和无功功率,实现系统电压和频率的稳定控制；应用负序分量补偿法,克服了发电机因负载不平衡而产生的转矩脉动。
最后通过仿真软件MatLab/Simulink对系统进行了建模和仿真,验证了控制策略的正确性和可行性。
Developing off-grid wind power generating system is necessary to solve our country's power supply problems in areas far from power grids. Induction generator has many advantageous features, such as simple structure, low cost, reliable operation and so on, which is easy to meet wind power system's performance requirements, for example, high reliability and free maintenance. In this paper, a series of studies on off-grid wind power generating system are launched.
The development status and trends of the domestic and international wind power has been introduced, the meaning and characteristics of off-grid wind power with induction generators has been revealed; the basic principles of wind turbine have been analyzed, a dynamic mathematical modeling of off-grid wind power system with induction generators has been conducted, the climbing method, based on the operating characteristics of wind turbine, has been used to maximize wind energy tracking, the coordinate transformation of the induction generator has been investigated, and magnetic saturation effects have been treated; effects of randomness of wind speed and volatility of loads on off-grid wind power system's frequency and voltage have been discussed, a strategy that uses a voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link, having the bi-direction flowing ability of energy, convenient to regulate active and reactive power for the stability control of system's voltage and frequency, has been proposed; the torque ripple of the generator caused by load imbalance has been greatly reduced by the application of negative sequence component compensation method.
Finally, simulation model has been created by the simulation software MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the control strategy.
引文
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[42]马洪飞,徐殿国.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000,(10)：1-4.
[43]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20).
[44]Eduard Muljadi,C.P.Butterfield. Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation[M].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001.
[45]叶杭冶,刘琦.风力发电机组的变距控制系统[J].机电工程,1999.
[46]Bansal R C. Three-phase self-excited induction generators:An Overview[J]. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2):292-299.
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[2]Hansen, A.D., Iov, F.,Blaabjerg, F, Hansen, L.H. (2004(a)). Review of contemporary wind turbine concepts and their market penetration [J], Wind Engineering, vol.28, no.3, pp:247-263.
[3]都志杰.可再生能源离网独立发电技术与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2009：4-10.
[4]Arthouros Zervos, Steve Sawyer. Global wind 2007 report. Global wind energy council.2007.
[5]赵群,王永泉,李辉.世界风力发展现状与发展趋势[J].机电工程,2006(12)：19-22.
[6]王素霞.国内外风力发电的情况及发展趋势[J].电力技术经济,2007,19(1)：29-31.
[7]Wang Chen, Wang Liming, Shi Libao, Ni Yixin. A Survey on Wind Power Technologies in Power Systems. Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007 IEEE Volume, Issue,24-28 June 2007 Page(s):1-6.
[8]G.M. Joselin Herbert, S. Iniyan, E. Sreevalsan and S. Rajapandian. A review of wind energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 11, Issue 6, August 2007, Pages 1117-1145.
[9]耿华,杨耕,崔扬等.并网型风力发电系统的现状与发展[J].东方电气评论,2006,20(2).
[10]Marques da Silva, F.; Marques, C.; Saraiva, J.G.. Transient electromechanical characteristics of a CSCF WEC[J]. Proceedings of an International Conference (EUR 13251), p 379-83,1990.
[11]白廷玉.变速恒频双馈风力发电机矢量控制研究[D].保定：华北电力大学,2008.
[12]Pena R, Clare J, Asher G.M. Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation[C]. Electric Power Application, IEE Proceedings,231-241
[13]Grzegorz, DFIG-Based Power Generation System with UPS Function for Variable Speed Applications [J]. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol.55, no.8,2008,8
[14]黄凯,王斌.风力发电系统中双馈异步发电机的仿真研究[J].计算机仿真, 2006,23(7)：231-236.
[15]刘其辉,贺益康,张建华.交流励磁变速风力发电机的运行控制及建模仿真[J].2006,26(5)：43-50.
[16]齐发.离网型风力发电机组的控制技术研究[D].合肥工业大学,2005.
[17]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20).
[18]郑雪梅,李琳,徐殿国.双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪滑模变结构控制[J].控制理论与应用,2010(7).
[19]Ling Yu, Zhang Tongzhuang, Qiu Xuefeng. Study on Maximum Power Extraction Control for directly drived Wind Power Generating System[J].Power Electronics,2007,41(7):3-5.
[20]Liu Qihui, He Yikang, Zhao Rende. The Maximumal Wind-energy Tracking Control of Available Speed Constant Frequency Wind Power Generation System[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2003, (20):62-67.
[21]车新生.智能蓄电池充/放电测控系统[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学.2005：5-10.
[22]张家友.串联蓄电池充电均衡系统的研究[D].安微：合肥工业大学.2006：5-19.
[23]林勇刚,李伟等.大型风力发电机组独立桨叶控制系统.太阳能学报,2005,6.
[24]Eduard Muljadi, Butterfield C P. Pitch-controlled variable speed wind turbine generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,37(1): 240-246.
[25]Bossanyi.E.A..Individual blade pitch control for load reduction.Win energy, 2003,6.
[26]盛福厚,仲崇申,白玉明.55kW风力异步发电机的设计与试验[J].山东工业大学学报,1991,21(3)：74-77.
[27]李俊峰,高虎等.2007中国风电发展报告[M].中国环境科学出版社,2007.
[28]孙川永,陶树旺,罗勇,王式功,宋丽莉.海陆风及沿海风速廓线在风电场风速预报中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3)：630-636.
[29]杨为.分布式电源的优化调度[D].安微：合肥工业大学,2010.
[30]耿莉霞,姜学东.集散式智能控制蓄电池充放电系统[J].电子产品世界,2005(17)：68-70.
[31]庄哲民,殷国华,李芬兰,江钟伟.基于小波神经网络的风力发电机故障诊断[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(4)：225-228.
[32]林飞,刘玉田,邱夕照.基于模糊神经网络的电力系统暂态稳定控制决策[J].电工技术学报,2001,16(2)：83-87.
[33]潘峰,康丽霞,董军.基于模糊控制的风力发电机出力控制[J].自动化与仪表,2002(4)：30-33.
[34]王得利,李杰,陈国景.一种新型永磁同步风力发电系统的研究[J].电气传动自动化,2008,30(2)：11-15.
[35]刘荣林.永磁电动机失磁分析[J].中国民航学院学报,2004,22(增刊)：18-20.
[36]齐凤春.永磁材料的磁稳定性[J].磁性材料及器件,1998,29(5)：26-31.
[37]G.M. Joselin Herbert, S. Iniyan, E. Sreevalsan and S. Rajapandian. A review of wind energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 11, Issue 6, August 2007, Pages 1117-1145.
[38]都志杰.可再生能源离网独立发电技术与应用[M].化学工业出版社,2009.
[39]S. Heier, Grid Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems.New York: Wiley,1998.
[40]Lennart Soder, Thomas Ackermann. Wind energy technology and current status. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review,2004,4:315-374.
[41]王建生.基于MATLAB的风力恒速恒频发电机动态模型[J].电力学报,2005,20(3)：237-239.
[42]马洪飞,徐殿国.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000,(10)：1-4.
[43]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20).
[44]Eduard Muljadi,C.P.Butterfield. Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation[M].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001.
[45]叶杭冶,刘琦.风力发电机组的变距控制系统[J].机电工程,1999.
[46]Bansal R C. Three-phase self-excited induction generators:An Overview[J]. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2):292-299.
[47]Simoes M G, Farret F A. Renewable energy systems-design and analysis with induction generators[M]. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2004:300-358.
[48]Singh G K. Self-excited induction generator research-a survey [J]. Electric Power System Research,2004,69(2-3):107-114.
[49]Elder, J. M., Boys, J.T., and Woodward, J.L.,'The process of self-excitation in induction generators", IEEE Proceedings, Pt. B, vol.130, pp.103-108, No.2, March 1983.
[50]李发海,朱东起.电机学(第三版).北京：科学出版社,2001.
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