摘要
发展离网型风力发电系统对解决我国远离电网地区的电力供应问题有着极为实际的意义。而异步发电机因其结构简单、价格低廉和经久耐用等诸多优点容易满足风电系统对高可靠性和免维护的要求。本文针对离网型异步风电系统展开了一系列的研究工作。
论文介绍了国内外风电发展的现状及趋势,揭示了离网型异步风电系统的特点和意义;分析了风力发电机组的工作机理,建立了离网型异步风电系统的动态数学模型,依据风力机的运行特性采用爬山搜索法控制策略进行最大风能跟踪,研究了异步电机的坐标变换,处理了磁路饱和效应;讨论了风速和负载随机变化对风电系统的频率和电压的影响,提出采用直流端接有蓄电池的电压源型逆变器,使得能量可以双向流动,方便调节有功功率和无功功率,实现系统电压和频率的稳定控制;应用负序分量补偿法,克服了发电机因负载不平衡而产生的转矩脉动。
最后通过仿真软件MatLab/Simulink对系统进行了建模和仿真,验证了控制策略的正确性和可行性。
Developing off-grid wind power generating system is necessary to solve our country's power supply problems in areas far from power grids. Induction generator has many advantageous features, such as simple structure, low cost, reliable operation and so on, which is easy to meet wind power system's performance requirements, for example, high reliability and free maintenance. In this paper, a series of studies on off-grid wind power generating system are launched.
The development status and trends of the domestic and international wind power has been introduced, the meaning and characteristics of off-grid wind power with induction generators has been revealed; the basic principles of wind turbine have been analyzed, a dynamic mathematical modeling of off-grid wind power system with induction generators has been conducted, the climbing method, based on the operating characteristics of wind turbine, has been used to maximize wind energy tracking, the coordinate transformation of the induction generator has been investigated, and magnetic saturation effects have been treated; effects of randomness of wind speed and volatility of loads on off-grid wind power system's frequency and voltage have been discussed, a strategy that uses a voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link, having the bi-direction flowing ability of energy, convenient to regulate active and reactive power for the stability control of system's voltage and frequency, has been proposed; the torque ripple of the generator caused by load imbalance has been greatly reduced by the application of negative sequence component compensation method.
Finally, simulation model has been created by the simulation software MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the control strategy.
引文
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