低温毛细抽吸两相流体回路（CCPL）的结构设计和数值模拟
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摘要
本文分析了低温毛细抽吸两相流体回路(CCPL)系统及各部件设计方法，并对其核心部件蒸发器设计进行了详细的阐述，尤其突出了低温与常温毛细抽吸两相流体回路之间的主要不同结构---液体冷却罩(LCS)的设计方法，给出了系统传热极限的计算公式。根据给定设计条件，设计出一个典型的CCPL模型，为数值计算提供参考尺度。
利用热网络法建立了CCPL的数值模型，并以设计出的CCPL为基础，在系统启动、热负荷改变和冷储液器设点温度改变三种不同运行条件下，计算出系统的温度、压力和流量随时间变化曲线，得出比较满意的结果。
本文采用VB6.0编制程序界面，开发出CCPL的设计软件，采用3DS Max绘制系统3D模型，并利用粒子系统开发出CCPL的动画演示系统，直观地演示了CCPL中蒸汽的产生、流动以及汽液界面的变化过程。
This paper describes the development of an advanced cryogenic integration device-the cryogenic capillary pumped loop (CCPL), a miniaturized two-phase fluid circulator for thermally linking cryogenic cooling sources to remote cryogenic components. A CCPL utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid to transfer heat and the surface tension forces forms in fine-pore wicks to circulate the working fluid. Design procedure for different CCPL configurations and its heat transfer limitations are discussed. Especially the design procedure of liquid cooled shield (LCS) is introduced. Furthermore, a CCPL unit is designed; the unit utilizes nitrogen as the working fluid and operates between 80 and 90K.
The CCPL numerical model is established by using the nodal or lumped parameter method. In the three different operation cases: start-up from a supercritical state, heat load increase and cold reservoir set point temperature change, the variation curves of temperature, pressure and mass flux varying with time are given. The results of simulations accord with the principles of CCPL and correctly reflect the dynamic characters of CCPL. It is concluded that the model is reasonable and the computed results are satisfying.
In order to show the dynamic process of CCPL, this paper also designs the program interface of CCPL design software using VB6.0. The 3D model of CCPL is plotted using 3DS Max. Using particle system, the 3D demo animation system is developed; the generation and flow process of vapor in CCPL are displayed.
利用热网络法建立了CCPL的数值模型，并以设计出的CCPL为基础，在系统启动、热负荷改变和冷储液器设点温度改变三种不同运行条件下，计算出系统的温度、压力和流量随时间变化曲线，得出比较满意的结果。
本文采用VB6.0编制程序界面，开发出CCPL的设计软件，采用3DS Max绘制系统3D模型，并利用粒子系统开发出CCPL的动画演示系统，直观地演示了CCPL中蒸汽的产生、流动以及汽液界面的变化过程。
This paper describes the development of an advanced cryogenic integration device-the cryogenic capillary pumped loop (CCPL), a miniaturized two-phase fluid circulator for thermally linking cryogenic cooling sources to remote cryogenic components. A CCPL utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid to transfer heat and the surface tension forces forms in fine-pore wicks to circulate the working fluid. Design procedure for different CCPL configurations and its heat transfer limitations are discussed. Especially the design procedure of liquid cooled shield (LCS) is introduced. Furthermore, a CCPL unit is designed; the unit utilizes nitrogen as the working fluid and operates between 80 and 90K.
The CCPL numerical model is established by using the nodal or lumped parameter method. In the three different operation cases: start-up from a supercritical state, heat load increase and cold reservoir set point temperature change, the variation curves of temperature, pressure and mass flux varying with time are given. The results of simulations accord with the principles of CCPL and correctly reflect the dynamic characters of CCPL. It is concluded that the model is reasonable and the computed results are satisfying.
In order to show the dynamic process of CCPL, this paper also designs the program interface of CCPL design software using VB6.0. The 3D model of CCPL is plotted using 3DS Max. Using particle system, the 3D demo animation system is developed; the generation and flow process of vapor in CCPL are displayed.
引文
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9. Jentung Ku. Recent Advances in Capillary Pumped Loop Technology. Copyright C 1997, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
10. Fredley J, Pelszynske A. Accommodation of the EOS-AM Instrument Set Using Capillary Pumped Heat Transport Technology. SAE Paper No.921404, 1992
11. Clayton S, Martin D, Baumann J. Mars Surveyor Thermal Management Using a Fixed Conductance Capillary Pumped Loop. SAE Paper No.972467, 1997
12．侯增祺，郭舜．毛细抽吸两相流体回路(CPL)的试验研究．航空航天部501设计部，1996
13．张加迅，侯增祺．CPL储液器的温度调控方案．导弹与航天运载技术2002(3)
14．张加迅，侯增棋．CPL技术在空间飞行器上的应用．北京：工程热物理学报，2001 22(3)
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17. Mark Kobel, Jentung Ku. Comprhensive Testing of a Neon Caillary Pumped Loop.
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Thermal Engineering Branch
18. Jentung Ku, Mark Kobel, David Bugby, Edward Kroliczek, Jane Baumann, Brent Cullimore. Flight Testing of a Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop. SAE Technical Paper Series 1999-01-2627
19. David Bugby, Edward Kroliczek, Brent Cullimore, Jane Baumann. Experimental Investigation of a Neon Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop. 97277 1403-1408
20. Cullimore B. Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop Final Report. for Phase Ⅰ. NASA/GSFC Contact NAS5-32415, June 1993
21. Baumann J, Cryogenic Capillary Pumped Loop Final Report for Phase Ⅱ. NASA/GSFC Contact NAS5-32415, June 1997
22. Muraoka I, Ramos F M, Vlassov V V. Theoretical Analysis of Low Frequency Temperature Oscillation in a Capillary Pumped Loop with Porous Element in the condenser. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
23. Muraoka I, Ramos F M, Vlassov V V. Analysis of the operational characteristics and limits of a loop heat pipe with porous element in the condenser. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44(2001)2287-2297
24. Muraoka I, Vlassov V V. Numerical Model of the CPL for Micro Gravity Experiment. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
25. Pouzet E, Joly J L, Platel V, Grandepeix J Y, Butto C. Dynamic response of a capillary pumped loop subjected to various heat load transient. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47(2004)2293-2316
26．侯增祺，郭舜．航天热控新技术——毛细抽吸两相环概述．863课题报告，1990
27．侯增祺．毛细抽吸两相环模型的试验研究．863课题分课题报告，1990
28．张加迅，侯增祺．毛细抽吸两相流体环路的研究．航天器工程，1998，7(1)
29．邓强，马同泽，张正芳，王金亮．两相毛细泵环蒸发器性能的实验研究．工程热物理学报，1998，19(3)
30．王金亮，马同泽，张正芳．两相毛细泵环中蒸发器的工作特性的实验研究．中国空间科学技术，第5期，1996年10月
31．王金亮，马同泽，张正芳．两相毛细泵环中反向式蒸发器传热性能的实验研究．工程热物理学报，1997．18(9)
32．张加迅，侯增祺．反向式毛细芯运行机理的分析．中国空间科学技术，第6期，2000年12月
33．罗志平．毛细抽吸两相液体回流的动态仿真及3D演示．重庆大学硕士学位论文，2001
34．曲伟，张加迅，刘纪福．用一维恒温相界面模型研究毛细芯蒸发器的温度场．中国空间科学技术，第3期，1996年6月
35．王补宣，杜小泽．表面张力对低Re下细竖管的流动凝结的影响．自然科学进展，1999，9(8)
36．王补宣，杜小泽．水平和竖直细圆管内的流动凝结换热特性的对比研究．工程热物理学报，2000，21(1)
37．王补宣，杜小泽．细竖管内的流动凝结的换热特性．上海交通大学学报，1999，33(8)
38．安刚，李俊明，王补宣．微圆管内流动凝结换热的实验研究．工程热物理学报，2003，24(1)
39. Chi S W, Cygnarowicz T A, Theoretical Analyses of Cryogenic Heat Pipes, ASME Paper No.70-HT/Spt-6, 1970
40．美国金属学会．金属手册(第九版，第三卷)性能与选择：不锈钢，工具钢及特殊用途金属材料．北京：机械工业出版社，1991
41．第一汽车制造厂设备修造分厂编写组．机械工程材料手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1979
42．陆世英，张延凯等．不锈钢．原子能出版社，1998年
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