基于RTDS的高速铁路动车组与牵引网交互动态模型
摘要
近年我国高速铁路发展迅速,建成和在建的高速铁路路网规模庞大。牵引网和动车组是高速铁路的重要组成部分,二者有着紧密的关联,并对高速铁路的安全稳定运行具有决定性作用。利用实时数字仿真进行牵引网和动车组的交互建模对系统运行的研究分析以及实际装置的测试等工作都有着重要的意义与必要性。
文中针对现有牵引网参数计算的不足,借鉴电力系统中的多导体传输线理论,推导符合实际情况的牵引网导纳矩阵及数学模型,并利用卡森公式和复数深度公式推导了地中回路的自阻抗和互阻抗计算公式,并给出可用于计算机编程的数学公式描述。基于RTDS (Real-time Digital Simulator,实时数字仿真装置)的CBuilder(用户自定义环境)平台利用C语言建立了单线和复线情况下的牵引网模型,其可用于牵引供电系统的建模。
对两电平和三电平脉冲整流器的工作模式和控制方法进行研究,通过对比选择瞬态直接电流控制策略进行整流器的控制,在RTDS中实现两电平和三电平的脉冲整流器模型,仿真实验表明瞬态直接电流控制策略具有良好的动态响应和静态稳定性,通过载波移相实现两电平脉冲整流器的双重化设计,通过实验表明双重化对降低网侧电流电压的谐波含量具有显著效果；三电平整流器使用五个电平模拟正弦波形,有利于降低网侧的谐波含量。
采用恒压频比的电压空间矢量控制策略实现两电平和三电平脉冲逆变器的控制,根据CRH1、CRH2、CRH3、CRH5型动车组的不同主电路结构及参数基于RTDS建立不同动车组仿真模型,实现恒转矩启动、恒速、再生制动等工况的模拟,与现场实测的CRH3型动车组网侧电流波形相吻合,所建模型可再现现场运行工况。研究了网压突变时、定功率变网压、定网压变功率等条件下的动车组及牵引网响应,得出网压短时突变时动车组可以平稳运行,网压一定时谐波含量随功率增大而降低,功率一定时谐波含量随网压升高而增大的结论,并对长大坡道线路条件下的动车组运行进行研究。
通过在RTDS模型中增设电压电流互感器及数字量模拟量输入输出模块,经功率放大器后与实际的物理装置闭环连接后实现了牵引网与动车组交互模型与实际物理装置的测试及系统的动态闭环试验,说明建立的模型可用。
China's high-speed railway was developing so fast in recent years that formed a large scale of high-speed railway network. Traction network and EMU were closely related and both of them were important to high-speed railway. They played decisive roles in the high-speed railway to guarantee its safety and stability. Using RTDS (Real-Time Digital Simulator) to model the traction network and the EMU interaction has an important significance to researching and testing. The modeling of traction network and the EMU interaction through Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) was essential to analyze the operation of system and test the actual device.
In this thesis, the traction admittance matrix and mathematical models were derived based on the multi-conductor transmission line theory from power system since for the deficiencies of current traction network computing. And the self-impedance and mutual impedance formula of underground loop were derived and mathematical formulas were described which can be used in computer programming. Based on CBuilder of RTDS, the traction network model for the both single and double track case was established using the C programming language to model the traction power supply system.
Operating mode and control methods of two-level and three-level pulse rectifier were studied in this essay. The transient direct current control strategy was adopted in the appliance as a better choice, and the model of two-level and three-level pulse rectifier are created based on RTDS. The simulation experiment showed that the dynamic and static performance of system was favorable. Dual design of two-level pulse rectifier based on carrier phase shift was proved to have obvious effect to reduce the harmonic content of the current and voltage of the network side.
Constant V/f principle was used to control the two-level and three-level pulse inverter control. The model of CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, CRH5-EMU are created based on RTDS. The wave of current match with the field measurement of CRH3when model of EMU works at tractional, constant and dormancy state.
The closed-loop test of traction network and EMU interaction model and the actual physical device was proved successfully with additional voltage-current transformers and analog and digital input-output modules, indicates that the simulation model is correct and valid.
文中针对现有牵引网参数计算的不足,借鉴电力系统中的多导体传输线理论,推导符合实际情况的牵引网导纳矩阵及数学模型,并利用卡森公式和复数深度公式推导了地中回路的自阻抗和互阻抗计算公式,并给出可用于计算机编程的数学公式描述。基于RTDS (Real-time Digital Simulator,实时数字仿真装置)的CBuilder(用户自定义环境)平台利用C语言建立了单线和复线情况下的牵引网模型,其可用于牵引供电系统的建模。
对两电平和三电平脉冲整流器的工作模式和控制方法进行研究,通过对比选择瞬态直接电流控制策略进行整流器的控制,在RTDS中实现两电平和三电平的脉冲整流器模型,仿真实验表明瞬态直接电流控制策略具有良好的动态响应和静态稳定性,通过载波移相实现两电平脉冲整流器的双重化设计,通过实验表明双重化对降低网侧电流电压的谐波含量具有显著效果；三电平整流器使用五个电平模拟正弦波形,有利于降低网侧的谐波含量。
采用恒压频比的电压空间矢量控制策略实现两电平和三电平脉冲逆变器的控制,根据CRH1、CRH2、CRH3、CRH5型动车组的不同主电路结构及参数基于RTDS建立不同动车组仿真模型,实现恒转矩启动、恒速、再生制动等工况的模拟,与现场实测的CRH3型动车组网侧电流波形相吻合,所建模型可再现现场运行工况。研究了网压突变时、定功率变网压、定网压变功率等条件下的动车组及牵引网响应,得出网压短时突变时动车组可以平稳运行,网压一定时谐波含量随功率增大而降低,功率一定时谐波含量随网压升高而增大的结论,并对长大坡道线路条件下的动车组运行进行研究。
通过在RTDS模型中增设电压电流互感器及数字量模拟量输入输出模块,经功率放大器后与实际的物理装置闭环连接后实现了牵引网与动车组交互模型与实际物理装置的测试及系统的动态闭环试验,说明建立的模型可用。
China's high-speed railway was developing so fast in recent years that formed a large scale of high-speed railway network. Traction network and EMU were closely related and both of them were important to high-speed railway. They played decisive roles in the high-speed railway to guarantee its safety and stability. Using RTDS (Real-Time Digital Simulator) to model the traction network and the EMU interaction has an important significance to researching and testing. The modeling of traction network and the EMU interaction through Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) was essential to analyze the operation of system and test the actual device.
In this thesis, the traction admittance matrix and mathematical models were derived based on the multi-conductor transmission line theory from power system since for the deficiencies of current traction network computing. And the self-impedance and mutual impedance formula of underground loop were derived and mathematical formulas were described which can be used in computer programming. Based on CBuilder of RTDS, the traction network model for the both single and double track case was established using the C programming language to model the traction power supply system.
Operating mode and control methods of two-level and three-level pulse rectifier were studied in this essay. The transient direct current control strategy was adopted in the appliance as a better choice, and the model of two-level and three-level pulse rectifier are created based on RTDS. The simulation experiment showed that the dynamic and static performance of system was favorable. Dual design of two-level pulse rectifier based on carrier phase shift was proved to have obvious effect to reduce the harmonic content of the current and voltage of the network side.
Constant V/f principle was used to control the two-level and three-level pulse inverter control. The model of CRH1, CRH2, CRH3, CRH5-EMU are created based on RTDS. The wave of current match with the field measurement of CRH3when model of EMU works at tractional, constant and dormancy state.
The closed-loop test of traction network and EMU interaction model and the actual physical device was proved successfully with additional voltage-current transformers and analog and digital input-output modules, indicates that the simulation model is correct and valid.
引文
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