牵引供电系统接触网的RAMS评估
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摘要
随着我国电气化铁路的快速发展,国家对高速铁路的建设投入也不断增加。由于列车运行速度的不断提升,对牵引供电系统的要求也越来越高,其可靠性直接关系到铁路系统的正常运行。而接触网系统又是牵引供电系统中最重要的一环,同时也是事故多发的环节。因此对接触网系统的可靠性进行准确的计算评估对于提高整个牵引供电系统的可靠性和经济性有着十分重要的意义。
本文把可靠性分析方法GO法应用到接触网系统的可靠性分析评估中。GO法作为一种以事件成功为导向的系统概率分析技术,是一种非常有效的系统可靠性分析方法。本文首先介绍了GO法的基本原理和建立GO图模型的过程和方法,然后在综合分析了GO法的基本运算规则和方法以及接触网系统机械结构和电气结构的基础上,利用GO法对接触网的六个部分(接触悬挂、支持装置、附属悬挂装置、定位装置、补偿装置、支柱与基础)分别进行了可靠性的分析计算,得到每个部分的可靠度,找到接触网系统的薄弱环节,并与故障树法的计算结果进行比较,结果基本一致。其次分别对接触网在单边、双边及越区三种供电方式下运行时的可靠性进行评估计算,得出在正常供电情况下,双边供电方式的可靠度要高于单边供电,而在非正常越区供电方式下,接触网供电臂正常运行的可靠度最低。最后采用基于可信性理论的模糊算法对接触网系统的各可靠性指标进行模糊评估计算,并与给定的精确计算值进行比较,计算结果的误差较小,验证了该方法的可行性。
其次在前面的基础上,介绍了几种常见的可靠性分配方法以及可靠性分配的基本步骤和准则,在综合考虑影响系统可靠性分配的因素(重要程度、复杂度、成本、维修因素、工作环境、技术水平)的基础上,利用模糊综合评判理论对接触网系统的四个部分进行了可靠性的分配,并计算出在接触网系统总体需要达到一定的可靠度时,每个子部分要达到的可靠度。
最后介绍分析了接触网维修性的概念、分类及基本要求,并再次利用模糊综合评判的方法,在考虑了影响接触网系统维修性的因素(重要程度,可靠性,故障检测手段,可达性,可拆卸性)的基础上对接触网系统的维修性进行了分配分析。
With the rapid development of electric railways, our country continuously put forward the construction investment of the high speed railways. As to the increasing speed of the locomotive, the reliability demand for traction power supply system is more and more important, which is directly relate to the normal operation of the railway system. Catenary system plays an dominant role in traction power supply system, however, it is prone to the accident. Therefore, it is important to do the accurate calculation and evaluation for catenary system reliability, and it has important significance to promote the reliability and lower the cost of entire system.
In allusion to evaluate the reliability of the catenary system, this paper apply the GO method, which is a success-oriented technology for analyzing system probability and performs very efficiently in analyzing reliability of the system. Firstly, the basic principles, the process and method of the GO method is introduced in the first part. Then, based on the comprehensive analysis of basic operational rules and methods, as well as the mechanical and electrical structures of catenary system, this paper analyzes and calculates of the reliability about the six parts catenary system, which includes contact suspension, support devices, suspension subsidiary, positioning devices, compensation devices, the pillar and foundations. According to the reliability of each part, the weak links of the catenary system is analyzed. Then, this paper compares with the calculation results between the GO method and the fault tree method, the results show that the two methods have basically the same result. Secondly, the reliability under three power supply modes, including the unilateral mode, the bilateral mode and the over-section power supply mode, is evaluated and analyzed. The result shows that, in normal condition, the reliability of the catenary system under bilateral supply exceed the unilateral supply mode, in over-section supply mode, the reliability of the system is the lowest. Finally, according to the fuzzy algorithm based on credibility theory, the fuzzy evaluation of the reliability index is done in this paper. Comparing to the given precise value, the results show that the error is small, and it verify the correctness of the proposed method.
Based on the previous theory, some common method, basic procedure and principles to acquire reliability allocation are introduced in this paper. And on the basis of considering the different effects, including the degree of importance, complexity, cost, maintenance factors, working environmental, technical level, reliability distribution of four parts of the catenary system are carried out using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and calculate when the catenary system overall need to achieve a certain reliability, to achieve the reliability of each part.
Finally, the maintenance concept, classification and basic requirements of catenary are analyzed. On the basis of considering the maintenance factors of catenary system, which includes the degree of importance, reliability, fault detection means, up to catenary system maintenance, removable, maintenance allocation of catenary system is analyzed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method again.
本文把可靠性分析方法GO法应用到接触网系统的可靠性分析评估中。GO法作为一种以事件成功为导向的系统概率分析技术,是一种非常有效的系统可靠性分析方法。本文首先介绍了GO法的基本原理和建立GO图模型的过程和方法,然后在综合分析了GO法的基本运算规则和方法以及接触网系统机械结构和电气结构的基础上,利用GO法对接触网的六个部分(接触悬挂、支持装置、附属悬挂装置、定位装置、补偿装置、支柱与基础)分别进行了可靠性的分析计算,得到每个部分的可靠度,找到接触网系统的薄弱环节,并与故障树法的计算结果进行比较,结果基本一致。其次分别对接触网在单边、双边及越区三种供电方式下运行时的可靠性进行评估计算,得出在正常供电情况下,双边供电方式的可靠度要高于单边供电,而在非正常越区供电方式下,接触网供电臂正常运行的可靠度最低。最后采用基于可信性理论的模糊算法对接触网系统的各可靠性指标进行模糊评估计算,并与给定的精确计算值进行比较,计算结果的误差较小,验证了该方法的可行性。
其次在前面的基础上,介绍了几种常见的可靠性分配方法以及可靠性分配的基本步骤和准则,在综合考虑影响系统可靠性分配的因素(重要程度、复杂度、成本、维修因素、工作环境、技术水平)的基础上,利用模糊综合评判理论对接触网系统的四个部分进行了可靠性的分配,并计算出在接触网系统总体需要达到一定的可靠度时,每个子部分要达到的可靠度。
最后介绍分析了接触网维修性的概念、分类及基本要求,并再次利用模糊综合评判的方法,在考虑了影响接触网系统维修性的因素(重要程度,可靠性,故障检测手段,可达性,可拆卸性)的基础上对接触网系统的维修性进行了分配分析。
With the rapid development of electric railways, our country continuously put forward the construction investment of the high speed railways. As to the increasing speed of the locomotive, the reliability demand for traction power supply system is more and more important, which is directly relate to the normal operation of the railway system. Catenary system plays an dominant role in traction power supply system, however, it is prone to the accident. Therefore, it is important to do the accurate calculation and evaluation for catenary system reliability, and it has important significance to promote the reliability and lower the cost of entire system.
In allusion to evaluate the reliability of the catenary system, this paper apply the GO method, which is a success-oriented technology for analyzing system probability and performs very efficiently in analyzing reliability of the system. Firstly, the basic principles, the process and method of the GO method is introduced in the first part. Then, based on the comprehensive analysis of basic operational rules and methods, as well as the mechanical and electrical structures of catenary system, this paper analyzes and calculates of the reliability about the six parts catenary system, which includes contact suspension, support devices, suspension subsidiary, positioning devices, compensation devices, the pillar and foundations. According to the reliability of each part, the weak links of the catenary system is analyzed. Then, this paper compares with the calculation results between the GO method and the fault tree method, the results show that the two methods have basically the same result. Secondly, the reliability under three power supply modes, including the unilateral mode, the bilateral mode and the over-section power supply mode, is evaluated and analyzed. The result shows that, in normal condition, the reliability of the catenary system under bilateral supply exceed the unilateral supply mode, in over-section supply mode, the reliability of the system is the lowest. Finally, according to the fuzzy algorithm based on credibility theory, the fuzzy evaluation of the reliability index is done in this paper. Comparing to the given precise value, the results show that the error is small, and it verify the correctness of the proposed method.
Based on the previous theory, some common method, basic procedure and principles to acquire reliability allocation are introduced in this paper. And on the basis of considering the different effects, including the degree of importance, complexity, cost, maintenance factors, working environmental, technical level, reliability distribution of four parts of the catenary system are carried out using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory and calculate when the catenary system overall need to achieve a certain reliability, to achieve the reliability of each part.
Finally, the maintenance concept, classification and basic requirements of catenary are analyzed. On the basis of considering the maintenance factors of catenary system, which includes the degree of importance, reliability, fault detection means, up to catenary system maintenance, removable, maintenance allocation of catenary system is analyzed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method again.
引文
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[3]GB/T3187.可靠性维修性术语.
[4]林飞.牵引供电系统可靠性指标体系与可靠性分析[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005.
[5]Sergo Sagareli.Traction Power Systems Reliability Concepts.2004 ASME/IEEE Joint Rail Conference,2004.
[6]丁明,张静,李生虎.基于序贯蒙特卡罗仿真的配电网可靠性评估模型[J].电网技术,2004,28(3)：38-41.
[7]杨媛,吴俊勇,吴燕.基于可信性理论的电气化铁路接触网可靠性的模糊评估[J].铁道学报,2008,30(6)：115-119.
[8]杨媛,吴俊勇,吴燕.基于可信性理论的电气化铁路牵引供电系统RAMS的模糊评估[J].北京交通大学学报,2008,32(5)：89-93.
[9]李军智.基于GO法的牵引变电所可靠性研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2009.
[10]陈民武.基于GO法的高速铁路牵引变电所可靠性评估[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(8)：56-61.
[11]丁雪成,胡海涛,何正友,于敏.计及维修因素的牵引变电站电气主接线可靠性分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(10)：117-123.
[12]张小瑜,吴俊勇.高速铁路牵引供电系统的供电可靠性评估方法[J].电网技术.2007,3 1(11)：29-32.
[13]贾晓楠,吴俊勇,刘海军.高速铁路牵引变电所电气主接线的可靠性评估[J].电气化铁道.2007,6：1-5.
[14]陈绍宽,毛保华,何天健,刘建峰等.基于事故树分析的牵引供电系统可靠性评价[J].铁道学报,2006,28(6)：123-128.
[15]宫衍圣,李会杰.接触网系统故障分析及可靠性理论应用探讨[J].电气化铁道.2008,2：34-39.
[16]万毅,邓斌,柯坚,等.基于神经网络RBF的接触网可靠性分析[J].铁道学报,2005,27(6)：39-42.
[17]万毅,邓斌,李会杰,等.铁路接触网系统可靠度的仿真计算[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2005,13(3)：307-312.
[18]万毅,邓斌,李会杰,等.基于FTA的接触网系统可靠性研究[J].铁道工程学报,2005(6)：86-93.
[19]万毅,邓斌等.铁路接触网系统的Markov分析[J].应用科学学报,2006,24(6)：633-636.
[20]万毅.基于RBFNN的接触网可靠性设计方法研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2003.
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