城市绿地系统树种规划研究
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摘要
随着城市化的快速发展,城市环境问题日益严重,建设以改善环境为主要目标的城市生态绿地系统是当前城市绿地建设发展的方向。地带性植被对城市生态绿地系统建设具有重要意义。人类关于生态学方面的知识,大部分来源于对自然植被系统的研究。地带性植被作为城市绿地生态系统恢复重建的模板或参照系,在城市绿地生态系统恢复目标的设定、目标种的选择和配比等方面提供了重要依据。树种规划借鉴地带性植被的树种组成和结构特征,借鉴地带性植被所蕴含的生态学规律,建设以地带性植被为主、结构稳定、生态效益高的城市绿地系统是城市生态绿地建设发展的必然。
论文首先对“地带性植被”这一全文研究的基础展开分析。基于地带性植被概念、成因的分析,诠释地带性植被树种组成和群落结构对建立稳定的城市绿地系统的重要性,明确地带性植被所蕴含的生态学理论是城市生态绿地系统建设中的树种规划的理论依据。
其次,从理论分析角度入手,系统论述了基于“地带性植被”的城市生态绿地系统建设树种规划的相关理论。围绕“树种规划与时代发展”这一脉络,揭示在现代城市环境日益恶化的条件下,当前我国城市绿地建设最重要的是考虑改善城市生态环境,在此基础上,再强调环境的美化。据此,树种选择与应用应以突出生态效益为主要目的,特别是在城郊树种选择与规划上更要注重地带性天然植被应用与建设,并进一步提出生态绿地系统建设中树种规划须遵循的原则。基于城市借鉴的目标地带性植被类型及其树种组成和结构特征分析,阐述城市生态绿地系统建设树种选择和配比的方法。基于地带性植被的稳定性和外来树种利弊的分析,提出外来树种选择与规划的原则。
再次,从实证分析角度入手,对当前我国城市绿地树种规划现状进行研究。以地带性植被所蕴含的生态学理论为对照,以长春、青岛、南京、柳州等城市绿地树种规划文本为对象,分析城市生态绿地系统建设中树种选择、配比存在的问题。结果表明,当前我国城市绿地建设树种规划文本中,规划植物区系虽体现了地带性特征,但地带性树种的应用比例仍然很低；树种规划不能真正做到“适地适树”；树种多样性不够丰富,种类少且集中；人工群落的建群种、优势种和伴生种未列入树种规划文本中；树种比例不符合自然植被规律。
最后,从问题探讨入手,对城市生态绿地系统建设中树种规划内容的编制展开研讨。基于基调、骨干树种利弊和树种配比实施技术指导依据缺失的分析表明,生态绿地系统建设中树种选择和配比内容的编制尚须深入研究。
全文研究结果表明,城市生态绿地系统建设要重视地带性植被的作用,树种规划要借鉴地带性植被所蕴含的生态学原理。
With the rapid development of urbanization, urban environment have increasingly worsened. Construction of urban green space ecosystem aimed at improving environment is the development trend of urban green space at present. Zonal vegetation is vital to urban green space ecosystem construction. Ecological knowledge knowed by humankind mostly come form the study to natural vegetation system. Zonal vegetation, as the cyclostyle or frame of reference of urban green space ecosystem restoration, offers important reference to objective enactment and objective species selection and proportion configuration of urban green space ecosystem restoration. It is necessary to construct urban green space ecosystem that has high proportional zonal vegetation and steady structure and high ecology benefit, therefore the tree species composition and structure characteristics of zonal vegetation and ecology theory contained in the zonal vegetation are use for reference to tree species planning.
Firstly, the whole-length study foundation, namely the zonal vegetation, was analyzed in this thesis. Based on the analysis of concept and cause of formation of zonal vegetation, the importance of tree species composition and community structure of zonal vegetation to steady urban green space system construction was explained, and ecology theory contained in the zonal vegetation as the theory base of tree species planning in the urban green space ecosystem construction was put forward.
Secondly, from the theory analysis point of view obtaining, theory correlative with tree species planning in the urban green space ecosystem construction which based on zonal vegetation was by the numbers discussed. Circumfused with the route of tree species planning and times development, it was suggested that the most important in the current urban green space construction should be aimed at improving urban ecology environment under the progressively polluted modern urban circumstance, then environment beautification was only taken into account. Accordingly, tree species selection and application should be give prominence to ecology benefit, especially the tree species selection and planning in the outskirts of a city should be more pay attention to the application and construction of zonal natural vegetation. Moreover, tree species planning principia in the urban green ecosystem construction was put forward to abide by. Based on the analysis of objective zonal vegetation type and tree species composition and structure characteristic, the method of tree species selection and proportion configuration was discussed in the urban green ecosystem construction. Based on the stability of zonal vegetation and advantages and disadvantages of alien tree species, the principia of selection and planning of alien tree species was put forward.
Thirdly, from the demonstration analysis point of view obtaining, actuality of tree species planning in our urban green space was studied. Controlled with ecology theory contained in zonal vegetation and taken tree species planning text of Changchun, Qingdao, Nanjing and Liuzhou as study object, issue about tree species selection and proportion configuration in the urban green space ecosystem was analyzed. The results showed that application of zonal tree species in the administration scale of city accounted for a low proportion in the tree species planning text of urban green space though the planning floristic species showed their zonal characteristic. Planting trees on the suitable sites condition was difficult to realize. The diversity of tree species with less kind was not abundant and the variety was single. There was not constructive species and dominant species and companion species of artificial community in the tree species planning text. The tree species proportion didn't accord with the rule of natural vegetation.
Finally, from the question discussion point of view obtaining, the content compilation of tree species planning was studied in the urban green space ecosystem construction. Based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of predominant and backbone tree species and the absent direction basis of tree species proportion configuration application, the content compilation of tree species selection and proportion configuration should be farther studied in the urban green space ecosystem construction.
In this paper the results showed that the function of zonal vegetation should be noticed in the urban green space ecosystem construction and the ecological theory contained in the zonal vegetation should be consulted in the tree species planning.
论文首先对“地带性植被”这一全文研究的基础展开分析。基于地带性植被概念、成因的分析,诠释地带性植被树种组成和群落结构对建立稳定的城市绿地系统的重要性,明确地带性植被所蕴含的生态学理论是城市生态绿地系统建设中的树种规划的理论依据。
其次,从理论分析角度入手,系统论述了基于“地带性植被”的城市生态绿地系统建设树种规划的相关理论。围绕“树种规划与时代发展”这一脉络,揭示在现代城市环境日益恶化的条件下,当前我国城市绿地建设最重要的是考虑改善城市生态环境,在此基础上,再强调环境的美化。据此,树种选择与应用应以突出生态效益为主要目的,特别是在城郊树种选择与规划上更要注重地带性天然植被应用与建设,并进一步提出生态绿地系统建设中树种规划须遵循的原则。基于城市借鉴的目标地带性植被类型及其树种组成和结构特征分析,阐述城市生态绿地系统建设树种选择和配比的方法。基于地带性植被的稳定性和外来树种利弊的分析,提出外来树种选择与规划的原则。
再次,从实证分析角度入手,对当前我国城市绿地树种规划现状进行研究。以地带性植被所蕴含的生态学理论为对照,以长春、青岛、南京、柳州等城市绿地树种规划文本为对象,分析城市生态绿地系统建设中树种选择、配比存在的问题。结果表明,当前我国城市绿地建设树种规划文本中,规划植物区系虽体现了地带性特征,但地带性树种的应用比例仍然很低；树种规划不能真正做到“适地适树”；树种多样性不够丰富,种类少且集中；人工群落的建群种、优势种和伴生种未列入树种规划文本中；树种比例不符合自然植被规律。
最后,从问题探讨入手,对城市生态绿地系统建设中树种规划内容的编制展开研讨。基于基调、骨干树种利弊和树种配比实施技术指导依据缺失的分析表明,生态绿地系统建设中树种选择和配比内容的编制尚须深入研究。
全文研究结果表明,城市生态绿地系统建设要重视地带性植被的作用,树种规划要借鉴地带性植被所蕴含的生态学原理。
With the rapid development of urbanization, urban environment have increasingly worsened. Construction of urban green space ecosystem aimed at improving environment is the development trend of urban green space at present. Zonal vegetation is vital to urban green space ecosystem construction. Ecological knowledge knowed by humankind mostly come form the study to natural vegetation system. Zonal vegetation, as the cyclostyle or frame of reference of urban green space ecosystem restoration, offers important reference to objective enactment and objective species selection and proportion configuration of urban green space ecosystem restoration. It is necessary to construct urban green space ecosystem that has high proportional zonal vegetation and steady structure and high ecology benefit, therefore the tree species composition and structure characteristics of zonal vegetation and ecology theory contained in the zonal vegetation are use for reference to tree species planning.
Firstly, the whole-length study foundation, namely the zonal vegetation, was analyzed in this thesis. Based on the analysis of concept and cause of formation of zonal vegetation, the importance of tree species composition and community structure of zonal vegetation to steady urban green space system construction was explained, and ecology theory contained in the zonal vegetation as the theory base of tree species planning in the urban green space ecosystem construction was put forward.
Secondly, from the theory analysis point of view obtaining, theory correlative with tree species planning in the urban green space ecosystem construction which based on zonal vegetation was by the numbers discussed. Circumfused with the route of tree species planning and times development, it was suggested that the most important in the current urban green space construction should be aimed at improving urban ecology environment under the progressively polluted modern urban circumstance, then environment beautification was only taken into account. Accordingly, tree species selection and application should be give prominence to ecology benefit, especially the tree species selection and planning in the outskirts of a city should be more pay attention to the application and construction of zonal natural vegetation. Moreover, tree species planning principia in the urban green ecosystem construction was put forward to abide by. Based on the analysis of objective zonal vegetation type and tree species composition and structure characteristic, the method of tree species selection and proportion configuration was discussed in the urban green ecosystem construction. Based on the stability of zonal vegetation and advantages and disadvantages of alien tree species, the principia of selection and planning of alien tree species was put forward.
Thirdly, from the demonstration analysis point of view obtaining, actuality of tree species planning in our urban green space was studied. Controlled with ecology theory contained in zonal vegetation and taken tree species planning text of Changchun, Qingdao, Nanjing and Liuzhou as study object, issue about tree species selection and proportion configuration in the urban green space ecosystem was analyzed. The results showed that application of zonal tree species in the administration scale of city accounted for a low proportion in the tree species planning text of urban green space though the planning floristic species showed their zonal characteristic. Planting trees on the suitable sites condition was difficult to realize. The diversity of tree species with less kind was not abundant and the variety was single. There was not constructive species and dominant species and companion species of artificial community in the tree species planning text. The tree species proportion didn't accord with the rule of natural vegetation.
Finally, from the question discussion point of view obtaining, the content compilation of tree species planning was studied in the urban green space ecosystem construction. Based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of predominant and backbone tree species and the absent direction basis of tree species proportion configuration application, the content compilation of tree species selection and proportion configuration should be farther studied in the urban green space ecosystem construction.
In this paper the results showed that the function of zonal vegetation should be noticed in the urban green space ecosystem construction and the ecological theory contained in the zonal vegetation should be consulted in the tree species planning.
引文
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