城市环境中建筑爆炸荷载模拟及钢筋混凝土构件抗爆性能分析
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摘要
近年来,由恐怖袭击或意外所引发的爆炸事故不断发生,爆炸事故对建筑物的破坏造成了巨大的生命和财产损失。为了揭示爆炸灾害对于建筑结构的破坏机理,本文采用数值方法模拟了爆炸冲击波在城市复杂环境中的传播规律以及作用在建筑上的爆炸荷载,并对钢筋混凝土构件在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应进行了研究,主要研究工作及创新成果包括以下几个方面:
(1)对于建筑物外部刚性地面上所发生的炸药爆炸,应用显式有限元分析软件AUTODYN,建立了其数值分析模型,模拟了爆炸冲击波在空气中以及遇到建筑物后的传播过程,研究了建筑物的正面、侧面和背面的爆炸超压的分布规律,并分析了门窗洞口的存在对于建筑结构上的爆炸超压时程的影响。
(2)建立了爆炸波在城市复杂环境中传播的数值计算模型,分析了邻近建筑物对爆炸波传播的反射和阻挡作用以及爆炸波在T形街道中的传播规律,研究了邻近建筑物的高度、位置和街道宽度等因素对爆炸冲击波传播的影响,对于各种情况下作用在建筑物外部的爆炸荷载特征进行了描述。
(3)基于非线性有限元技术,应用瞬态动力分析软件LS-DYNA,建立了梁、柱、板等钢筋混凝土构件的数值分析模型,计算了爆炸荷载作用下结构构件的动力响应,探寻了爆炸冲击作用所引起的钢筋混凝土构件的位移和内力变化规律,揭示了钢筋和混凝土材料的应力应变随时间的发展过嘲题与相关试验结果进行了对比分析,从而验证了钢筋混凝土构件数值分析模型的正确性。
(4)应用所建立的数值分析模型,模拟了不同爆肇?骱稍刈饔孟赂纸罨炷凉辜亩ο煊?通过研究构件的应力应变分布情况,分析了结构构件可能发生的破坏模式,从而得出了爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件破坏模式的产生规律。
(5)通过对钢筋混凝土构件承受爆炸荷载作用的参数分析,计算了相同爆炸荷载作用下不同的混凝土强度、截面尺寸、配筋率等参数所引起的钢筋混凝土构件动力响应的变化规律,研究了构件的几何参数和材料参数等因素对其抗爆性能的影响,找出了不同钢筋混凝土构件抗爆性能的主要影响因素,为结构抗爆设计中确定合理的设计参数提供了理论依据和建议。
The damage of buildings due to terrorism or the accidental explosion induced huge economic and life losses in recent years. In order to learn more about the failure mechanism of building structures under blast disaster, the spread of blast waves in urban complex environment and blast loading on buildings are simulated. And the dynamic responses of reinforcement concrete (RC) members under blast loadings are studied. And the primary work and achievements are as follows.
1. The numerical model of explosion on the rigid ground outside the building is established using the explicit finite element analysis software AUTODYN. The process of explosion shock waves spreading in the free air and reacting with the building is simulated. The distribution of blast overpressure on the front, side and back surface of the building are studied. The influence caused by openings of doors and windows on the blast overpressure on the structure is analyzed.
2. The numerical models of blast shock waves spreading in complex urban environment are established. The reflection and block effects for bla疤?hock waves by adjacent buildings are analyzed. And the spreading law of blast waves in the T-shape??reet is studied. The features of external blast loading on buildings in a variety of circumstances are described, considering the influences of the height and position of adjacent buildings and the width of street on the spreading of blast shock waves.
3. Based on non-linear finite element method, numerical analysis models of RC members, such as beams, columns and slabs are established using transient dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA. The dynamic response of structure members subjected to blast loading is calculated to study the law of their displacement and internal forces caused by the impact of the blast loading. The time histories of stress and strain of reinforcement and concrete material are given and compared with the results of the experiment. The numerical analysis models of RC members are proved to be valid and correct.
4. The dynamic response of RC members under different blast loadings are simulated on the base of the numerical analysis model. The possible failure modes of RC members are analyzed according to the distribution of their stress and strain. So the change law of failure modes of RC members under different blast loadings is given.
5. Through the parametric analysis of RC members subjected to blast loading, the dynamic responses of RC members with different concrete strength, cross section and reinforcement ratio under same blast loading are calculated. The influence of geometric and material parameters on the blast-resistant behavior of members is analyzed. And the main factors that influence the blast-resistant behavior of RC members are given. So some theories and suggestions are presented to determine reasonable parameters in the design of blast-resistant buildings.
(1)对于建筑物外部刚性地面上所发生的炸药爆炸,应用显式有限元分析软件AUTODYN,建立了其数值分析模型,模拟了爆炸冲击波在空气中以及遇到建筑物后的传播过程,研究了建筑物的正面、侧面和背面的爆炸超压的分布规律,并分析了门窗洞口的存在对于建筑结构上的爆炸超压时程的影响。
(2)建立了爆炸波在城市复杂环境中传播的数值计算模型,分析了邻近建筑物对爆炸波传播的反射和阻挡作用以及爆炸波在T形街道中的传播规律,研究了邻近建筑物的高度、位置和街道宽度等因素对爆炸冲击波传播的影响,对于各种情况下作用在建筑物外部的爆炸荷载特征进行了描述。
(3)基于非线性有限元技术,应用瞬态动力分析软件LS-DYNA,建立了梁、柱、板等钢筋混凝土构件的数值分析模型,计算了爆炸荷载作用下结构构件的动力响应,探寻了爆炸冲击作用所引起的钢筋混凝土构件的位移和内力变化规律,揭示了钢筋和混凝土材料的应力应变随时间的发展过嘲题与相关试验结果进行了对比分析,从而验证了钢筋混凝土构件数值分析模型的正确性。
(4)应用所建立的数值分析模型,模拟了不同爆肇?骱稍刈饔孟赂纸罨炷凉辜亩ο煊?通过研究构件的应力应变分布情况,分析了结构构件可能发生的破坏模式,从而得出了爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土构件破坏模式的产生规律。
(5)通过对钢筋混凝土构件承受爆炸荷载作用的参数分析,计算了相同爆炸荷载作用下不同的混凝土强度、截面尺寸、配筋率等参数所引起的钢筋混凝土构件动力响应的变化规律,研究了构件的几何参数和材料参数等因素对其抗爆性能的影响,找出了不同钢筋混凝土构件抗爆性能的主要影响因素,为结构抗爆设计中确定合理的设计参数提供了理论依据和建议。
The damage of buildings due to terrorism or the accidental explosion induced huge economic and life losses in recent years. In order to learn more about the failure mechanism of building structures under blast disaster, the spread of blast waves in urban complex environment and blast loading on buildings are simulated. And the dynamic responses of reinforcement concrete (RC) members under blast loadings are studied. And the primary work and achievements are as follows.
1. The numerical model of explosion on the rigid ground outside the building is established using the explicit finite element analysis software AUTODYN. The process of explosion shock waves spreading in the free air and reacting with the building is simulated. The distribution of blast overpressure on the front, side and back surface of the building are studied. The influence caused by openings of doors and windows on the blast overpressure on the structure is analyzed.
2. The numerical models of blast shock waves spreading in complex urban environment are established. The reflection and block effects for bla疤?hock waves by adjacent buildings are analyzed. And the spreading law of blast waves in the T-shape??reet is studied. The features of external blast loading on buildings in a variety of circumstances are described, considering the influences of the height and position of adjacent buildings and the width of street on the spreading of blast shock waves.
3. Based on non-linear finite element method, numerical analysis models of RC members, such as beams, columns and slabs are established using transient dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA. The dynamic response of structure members subjected to blast loading is calculated to study the law of their displacement and internal forces caused by the impact of the blast loading. The time histories of stress and strain of reinforcement and concrete material are given and compared with the results of the experiment. The numerical analysis models of RC members are proved to be valid and correct.
4. The dynamic response of RC members under different blast loadings are simulated on the base of the numerical analysis model. The possible failure modes of RC members are analyzed according to the distribution of their stress and strain. So the change law of failure modes of RC members under different blast loadings is given.
5. Through the parametric analysis of RC members subjected to blast loading, the dynamic responses of RC members with different concrete strength, cross section and reinforcement ratio under same blast loading are calculated. The influence of geometric and material parameters on the blast-resistant behavior of members is analyzed. And the main factors that influence the blast-resistant behavior of RC members are given. So some theories and suggestions are presented to determine reasonable parameters in the design of blast-resistant buildings.
引文
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