矿压监测系统中无线传感技术的研究
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摘要
煤炭资源是我国的重要能源,我国是世界煤炭生产和消费大国,同时也是煤矿事故多发性国家。在各类煤矿事故中,顶板事故一直占有重要比重,加强对矿井压力监测系统的研究和改进,对预防顶板事故、改善我国煤矿安全生产条件具有重要意义。
本文的目的是通过结合井下综采工作面的实际环境,利用现在发展比较完善的无线传感器网络技术,研究一种基于无线通信技术的矿井压力监测系统,以期改善现阶段井下监测系统布线困难,监测设备要随着开采工作面的推进而不断移动带来的不便。
本文的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:
(1)根据矿井无线传输的特点,分析现在几种常用的无线通信技术,确定以ZigBee协议标准为平台,构建了一种基于无线传感器网络的矿压监测系统拓扑结构。
(2)对ZigBee路由算法进行研究,结合矿井压力的特殊监测环境特点,采用分簇路由和树路由相结合的算法对系统中的网络节点数据传送路径进行选择,同时提出了一种基于能量均衡的树路由算法,旨在改善巷道中因部分路由节点数据传送频繁、能耗过大造成网络节点能耗失衡,从而导致网络数据流拥堵或网络中断的现象,提高系统的可靠性和延长网络的生命周期。
(3)对监测系统的各功能节点硬件设备给出了详细设计,考虑AVR单片机具有高性能、高速度、低功耗,速度高和片内硬件资源丰富等优点,为了使系统更具低成本、低功耗的优越性,同时又可以保证系统较高的数据处理能力,本文中的网关节点和路由节点硬件电路主要由ATmega128L微处理器、CC2420射频模块以及一些外围电路组成,而终端节点则采用CC2430一片式SOC系统,本文给出了详细的硬件电路组成和软件设计。
在完成上述几方面的研究工作后,在拟矿井环境的实验条件下对传感器节点改进路由算法下数据的能量消耗情况和节点失效概率进行测试,并且对节点间的无线通信也进行了连接测试,仿真结果表明,系统性能达到预期的效果,同时也符合国家对矿压监测系统的相关要求和规定。
Coal is the important energy resources of china, and china is the principal country of world's coal production and consumption, also the country of coal mine accident-prone, roof accident has been an important proportion in various types of coal mine accidents, the research and improvement of mine pressure monitoring systems has the important sense for the roof accident and improving conditions of coal mine production safety.
A monitoring systems of mine pressure based on wireless communication technology is studied by network technology of wireless sensor combining the actual situation of mechanized mining face, and the difficulties of monitoring systems wiring at the present stage and the inconvenience of monitoring equipment constantly moving in pace with work face forward are improved.
The research focuses on the following aspects:
(1) The protocol standards of ZigBee is defined and a topological structure of mine pressure monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks is established by the analysis of several common wireless communication technology according to the characteristics of underground wireless transmission.
(2) Routing algorithm to ZigBee is studied according to the particular environmental characteristics of mine pressure monitoring, and data transmission paths of network nodes are selected by the algorithm combining layered clustering routing with tree routing in the systems, a tree routing algorithm based on energy balance routing algorithm is proposed, for improving energy imbalance of network nodes caused by frequent data transmission, and excessive energy consumption which result in the congestion of data flow and discontinuity of network, so the systems reliability is improved and life cycle is extended.
(3) The detailed design for function nodes hardware of monitoring systems is given,
Considering the advantages of high-performance, high speed, low power, high speed and On-chip hardware resource-rich to AVR SCM, for the superiority of low cost, low power consumption and ensuring higher data processing capability of systems, the hardware circuits of gateway node and routing node are made up by ATmega128L microprocessor, CC2420 RF module, and peripheral circuits, and terminal node applies CC2430 a type SOC system. The hardware circuits and software design are given.
Upon completion of the above research work, energy consumption of data and node failure probability are tested under experimental conditions of simulated mine environment by improved routing algorithm of sensor node, wireless communication between nodes is tested also. Simulation results show that systems’performance achieves desired research goals, and the systems meet the related requirements and regulations of mine pressure monitoring systems.
本文的目的是通过结合井下综采工作面的实际环境,利用现在发展比较完善的无线传感器网络技术,研究一种基于无线通信技术的矿井压力监测系统,以期改善现阶段井下监测系统布线困难,监测设备要随着开采工作面的推进而不断移动带来的不便。
本文的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:
(1)根据矿井无线传输的特点,分析现在几种常用的无线通信技术,确定以ZigBee协议标准为平台,构建了一种基于无线传感器网络的矿压监测系统拓扑结构。
(2)对ZigBee路由算法进行研究,结合矿井压力的特殊监测环境特点,采用分簇路由和树路由相结合的算法对系统中的网络节点数据传送路径进行选择,同时提出了一种基于能量均衡的树路由算法,旨在改善巷道中因部分路由节点数据传送频繁、能耗过大造成网络节点能耗失衡,从而导致网络数据流拥堵或网络中断的现象,提高系统的可靠性和延长网络的生命周期。
(3)对监测系统的各功能节点硬件设备给出了详细设计,考虑AVR单片机具有高性能、高速度、低功耗,速度高和片内硬件资源丰富等优点,为了使系统更具低成本、低功耗的优越性,同时又可以保证系统较高的数据处理能力,本文中的网关节点和路由节点硬件电路主要由ATmega128L微处理器、CC2420射频模块以及一些外围电路组成,而终端节点则采用CC2430一片式SOC系统,本文给出了详细的硬件电路组成和软件设计。
在完成上述几方面的研究工作后,在拟矿井环境的实验条件下对传感器节点改进路由算法下数据的能量消耗情况和节点失效概率进行测试,并且对节点间的无线通信也进行了连接测试,仿真结果表明,系统性能达到预期的效果,同时也符合国家对矿压监测系统的相关要求和规定。
Coal is the important energy resources of china, and china is the principal country of world's coal production and consumption, also the country of coal mine accident-prone, roof accident has been an important proportion in various types of coal mine accidents, the research and improvement of mine pressure monitoring systems has the important sense for the roof accident and improving conditions of coal mine production safety.
A monitoring systems of mine pressure based on wireless communication technology is studied by network technology of wireless sensor combining the actual situation of mechanized mining face, and the difficulties of monitoring systems wiring at the present stage and the inconvenience of monitoring equipment constantly moving in pace with work face forward are improved.
The research focuses on the following aspects:
(1) The protocol standards of ZigBee is defined and a topological structure of mine pressure monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks is established by the analysis of several common wireless communication technology according to the characteristics of underground wireless transmission.
(2) Routing algorithm to ZigBee is studied according to the particular environmental characteristics of mine pressure monitoring, and data transmission paths of network nodes are selected by the algorithm combining layered clustering routing with tree routing in the systems, a tree routing algorithm based on energy balance routing algorithm is proposed, for improving energy imbalance of network nodes caused by frequent data transmission, and excessive energy consumption which result in the congestion of data flow and discontinuity of network, so the systems reliability is improved and life cycle is extended.
(3) The detailed design for function nodes hardware of monitoring systems is given,
Considering the advantages of high-performance, high speed, low power, high speed and On-chip hardware resource-rich to AVR SCM, for the superiority of low cost, low power consumption and ensuring higher data processing capability of systems, the hardware circuits of gateway node and routing node are made up by ATmega128L microprocessor, CC2420 RF module, and peripheral circuits, and terminal node applies CC2430 a type SOC system. The hardware circuits and software design are given.
Upon completion of the above research work, energy consumption of data and node failure probability are tested under experimental conditions of simulated mine environment by improved routing algorithm of sensor node, wireless communication between nodes is tested also. Simulation results show that systems’performance achieves desired research goals, and the systems meet the related requirements and regulations of mine pressure monitoring systems.
引文
[1]张扬.顶板动态监测集成技术研究[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2009.6
[2]赵延明,高军,杨国庆等.煤矿安全监控系统的现状与发展[J].煤矿机电.2007,(3):39~41
[3]戴运杰.基于无线传感器网络的煤矿安全监测系统[D].上海师范大学硕士学位论文.2009.6
[4]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展.2005,42(l):163~174
[5] Cha.Si-Ho.A self-mangement framework for wireless sensor networks.Lecture Notes in Computer Science[M].2006:206~213
[6]秦晓辉.矿井老顶来压监测系统研制[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2008.6
[7]曹胜根,谷德钟,李钟华.单体支柱工作面高初撑力控顶效果的研究[J].矿业安全与环保.1999,(1):24~25
[8]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[9]贺文.基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee的无线传感器网络研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006:39
[10]田亚.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络系统设计与实现[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.2007
[11] Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev1.2),2004.06.09
[12]朱向庆,王建明.zigBee协议网络层的研究与实现.电子技术应用[M].2006,32(l):129~132
[13]孙继平.矿井无线传输的特点[J].煤矿设计.1999.4.20~22
[14] Taaffe.Ouida.ZigBee:Control and power.Telecommunications International.2005,39(5):27~28
[15] Armstrong.Janell,C.Richard.Comparative evaluation of ZigBee and Bluetooth:Embedded wireless network technologies for strdents anddesigners.ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.2007:12
[16]于锐华,益晓,于全.ZigBee与Bluetooth的比较及共存分析[J].测控技术,2005,24(6):50~56
[17]蒋伟民,毕红军.五种主流近距离无线技术比较[J].科技资讯,2007,(2):1~2
[18]李云洁.新兴低速近距离无线通信技术简介[J].移动通信,2008,(6):10~11
[19]耿萌,张效义,于宏毅.Zigbee路由技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2006,25(7):82~86
[20]班艳丽,柴乔林,王深.基于能量均衡的ZigBee网络树路由算法[J].计算机应用.2008,28(11):2791~2794
[21]李劲,程绍艳,李佳林.基于zigBee技术的无线数据采集网络[J].测控技术,2007,26(8):63~65
[22]班艳丽.基于能量有效的ZigBee网络路由算法研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文.2009.4
[23]朱丁丁,金心宇,张昱.基于能量优先分簇算法的WSN分层路由协议[J].传感技术学报,2009,22(4)580~585
[24]方路平,刘世华.NS-2网络模拟基础与应用.2010.3
[25]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等. Atmega128单片机原理与开发指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[26]仲元昌,王军强,陈启建等.基于ATmega128的无线传感器网络节点设计[J].电子工程师.2008,34(12),68~71
[27]王秀梅,刘乃安.利用2. 4GHz射频芯CC2420实现ZigBee无线通信设计[J].国外电子元器件, 2005(3): 59~62.
[28]董挺挺,沙超,王汝传.基于CC2420的无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].电子工程师, 2007, 33(4): 67~70
[29]赵晨,何波,王睿.基于射频CC2420实现的ZigBee通信设计[J],微计算机信息.2007,23(1):260~261
[30] TI,CC2430-A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee REV2.1,2007,http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/cc2430.html
[31] HeTian,Huang Chengdu,Blum B M,etal.Range-free Localization Schemes in Large Scale Sensor Networks[A].Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,MOBICOM 2003[C].San Diego(CA,USA),2003.New York(NY,USA):ACM Press,2003.81~95.
[32]张庆永.浅谈煤矿井下电子设备电磁干扰的预防[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报.2006,14(5):79~82
[33]胡树豪.实用射频技术[M].电子工业出版社.2004:125~150
[34] Software Tools forthe Professional Progranuner.2004,(29):40~42
[2]赵延明,高军,杨国庆等.煤矿安全监控系统的现状与发展[J].煤矿机电.2007,(3):39~41
[3]戴运杰.基于无线传感器网络的煤矿安全监测系统[D].上海师范大学硕士学位论文.2009.6
[4]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展.2005,42(l):163~174
[5] Cha.Si-Ho.A self-mangement framework for wireless sensor networks.Lecture Notes in Computer Science[M].2006:206~213
[6]秦晓辉.矿井老顶来压监测系统研制[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2008.6
[7]曹胜根,谷德钟,李钟华.单体支柱工作面高初撑力控顶效果的研究[J].矿业安全与环保.1999,(1):24~25
[8]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[9]贺文.基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee的无线传感器网络研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006:39
[10]田亚.基于ZigBee无线传感器网络系统设计与实现[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.2007
[11] Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 Preliminary Datasheet(rev1.2),2004.06.09
[12]朱向庆,王建明.zigBee协议网络层的研究与实现.电子技术应用[M].2006,32(l):129~132
[13]孙继平.矿井无线传输的特点[J].煤矿设计.1999.4.20~22
[14] Taaffe.Ouida.ZigBee:Control and power.Telecommunications International.2005,39(5):27~28
[15] Armstrong.Janell,C.Richard.Comparative evaluation of ZigBee and Bluetooth:Embedded wireless network technologies for strdents anddesigners.ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.2007:12
[16]于锐华,益晓,于全.ZigBee与Bluetooth的比较及共存分析[J].测控技术,2005,24(6):50~56
[17]蒋伟民,毕红军.五种主流近距离无线技术比较[J].科技资讯,2007,(2):1~2
[18]李云洁.新兴低速近距离无线通信技术简介[J].移动通信,2008,(6):10~11
[19]耿萌,张效义,于宏毅.Zigbee路由技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2006,25(7):82~86
[20]班艳丽,柴乔林,王深.基于能量均衡的ZigBee网络树路由算法[J].计算机应用.2008,28(11):2791~2794
[21]李劲,程绍艳,李佳林.基于zigBee技术的无线数据采集网络[J].测控技术,2007,26(8):63~65
[22]班艳丽.基于能量有效的ZigBee网络路由算法研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文.2009.4
[23]朱丁丁,金心宇,张昱.基于能量优先分簇算法的WSN分层路由协议[J].传感技术学报,2009,22(4)580~585
[24]方路平,刘世华.NS-2网络模拟基础与应用.2010.3
[25]陈冬云,杜敬仓,任柯燕等. Atmega128单片机原理与开发指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[26]仲元昌,王军强,陈启建等.基于ATmega128的无线传感器网络节点设计[J].电子工程师.2008,34(12),68~71
[27]王秀梅,刘乃安.利用2. 4GHz射频芯CC2420实现ZigBee无线通信设计[J].国外电子元器件, 2005(3): 59~62.
[28]董挺挺,沙超,王汝传.基于CC2420的无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].电子工程师, 2007, 33(4): 67~70
[29]赵晨,何波,王睿.基于射频CC2420实现的ZigBee通信设计[J],微计算机信息.2007,23(1):260~261
[30] TI,CC2430-A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee REV2.1,2007,http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/cc2430.html
[31] HeTian,Huang Chengdu,Blum B M,etal.Range-free Localization Schemes in Large Scale Sensor Networks[A].Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,MOBICOM 2003[C].San Diego(CA,USA),2003.New York(NY,USA):ACM Press,2003.81~95.
[32]张庆永.浅谈煤矿井下电子设备电磁干扰的预防[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报.2006,14(5):79~82
[33]胡树豪.实用射频技术[M].电子工业出版社.2004:125~150
[34] Software Tools forthe Professional Progranuner.2004,(29):40~42