索穹顶的节点设计及动力特性分析
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摘要
索穹顶结构是一种结构效率极高的全张力体系,虽然在近十年来才在工程中得以实现,但是这种全新的结构体系一经出现就以其新颖的造型、经济的造价、巧妙的构思在国内外引起了广泛的兴趣和注意。索穹顶结构因其整体结构受力合理、综合经济效益良好而特别使用于诸如大型体育馆等超大跨度的空间结构,显然这在我国具有很好的应用发展前景,更具有十分重要的实用价值。但是,目前世界上只有美国掌握了索穹顶结构的设计和施工技术,并已在工程中实现了多项索穹顶结构,而日本、法国、德国等国家也正在进行这方面的研究,国内对索穹顶的研究很少,特别是关于索穹顶节点及动力特性方面的研究几乎是空白,因此本文的工作可以说是在摸索中进行的。
     本文首先回顾并总结了全张力体系以及索穹顶结构的发展历史及其在工程中的应用情况,总结了全张力体系的概念、形态及其特性,探讨了索穹顶的几何、拓扑及类型,从而完成对全张力体系和索穹顶结构的概念性研究。
     其次,本文研究了索穹顶结构的节点设计。首先考虑钢索与节点的连接强度、节点构造要求、节点功能要求、节点力学性能。然后根据设想设计、加工模具,再进行设计强度和极限承载能力试验,最后用Ansys对其进行建模和有限元分析,从而达到研究节点的实际工作特性,包括内力分布、变形等方面,以利于实际工程中节点的使用安全。
     本文初步探讨了索穹顶结构的动力特性。在现有条件下完成了相应的部分实验,并用Subspace(子空间)迭代法和Lanczos(兰索斯)法在理论上对实验数据进行分析,同时与试验成果相互对照,找出不同的边界条件在有限元计算中对结构动力特性的影响,例如,侧向振动、上下振动、收缩振动及竖向扭曲振动在结构的自振频率中的主次关系。
     本文对两种新型的空间结构(张弦梁结构和索杆组合结构)进行介绍,并对这两种结构的动力特性用ANSYS模拟分析,随后对索穹顶结构、张弦梁结构和索杆组合结构的动力特性进行对比分析。
     最后,总结本文的研究工作。
Cable Dome is one of Tensegrity Systems with high structural efficiency. This innovative type of space structure with economical cost and ingenious design makes an extensive interest and attention all over the world, although it is not put into practical engineering until in space structures with large-span such as the gymnasium. It is obvious that Cable Dome has very wonderful developing future and important value in practice. However, so far, the technique of design and construction of Cable Dome is mastered only by American. They have built several Cable Domes in America. A great of research are carried on in other countries such as Japan and Canada as well. The studies on Cable Dome in our country is few. Especially, the research about joints and dynamic characters is seldom reached. So the work of this paper tries its way to the theory of Cable Domes.
    The first part has reviewed Tensegrity Systems, the development of Cable Domes and its practice in architectures. Author summarizes the definition and natures of Tensegrity Systems, discusses the geometry and types of Cable Domes. As these this part has finished the basic research of Tensegrity Systems and Cable domes.
    The second part studies the joints design of Cable Domes. First, author considers the connection strength between steel cable and joints, the requirements about joints function, the mechanics performance of
    
    
    joints. Second, according to conceive to design and process model. Third, do the experiment to decide the design strength and maximum load. At last, the author through the Ansys to analyses the model and accomplishes the research of the joints' real properties such as the force and deformation. So it is-can be safe for joints in real buildings.
    The paper has discussed the dynamic properties of Cable Domes. And according to real conditions has finished relative experiments. Consequently, in theory the author utilizes Subspace and Lanczos methods to analyses, experimental data. Through the comparing, find in 'limiting elements calculation the different boundary can affect dynamic properties, for example, the important place of lateral vibration, vertical vibration, shrinking vibration and vertical distortion vibration in automatic frequency.
    The paper has introduced two new types of special structures(the beam string structures and the cable-bar structures). And analyses their dynamic properties through Ansys. Finally, contrasts and analyses Cable Domes structure.
    In the last part, the studies of this paper were concluded.
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