摘要
索穹顶结构是一种结构效率极高的全张力体系,虽然在近十年来才在工程中得以实现,但是这种全新的结构体系一经出现就以其新颖的造型、经济的造价、巧妙的构思在国内外引起了广泛的兴趣和注意。索穹顶结构因其整体结构受力合理、综合经济效益良好而特别使用于诸如大型体育馆等超大跨度的空间结构,显然这在我国具有很好的应用发展前景,更具有十分重要的实用价值。但是,目前世界上只有美国掌握了索穹顶结构的设计和施工技术,并已在工程中实现了多项索穹顶结构,而日本、法国、德国等国家也正在进行这方面的研究,国内对索穹顶的研究很少,特别是关于索穹顶节点及动力特性方面的研究几乎是空白,因此本文的工作可以说是在摸索中进行的。
本文首先回顾并总结了全张力体系以及索穹顶结构的发展历史及其在工程中的应用情况,总结了全张力体系的概念、形态及其特性,探讨了索穹顶的几何、拓扑及类型,从而完成对全张力体系和索穹顶结构的概念性研究。
其次,本文研究了索穹顶结构的节点设计。首先考虑钢索与节点的连接强度、节点构造要求、节点功能要求、节点力学性能。然后根据设想设计、加工模具,再进行设计强度和极限承载能力试验,最后用Ansys对其进行建模和有限元分析,从而达到研究节点的实际工作特性,包括内力分布、变形等方面,以利于实际工程中节点的使用安全。
本文初步探讨了索穹顶结构的动力特性。在现有条件下完成了相应的部分实验,并用Subspace(子空间)迭代法和Lanczos(兰索斯)法在理论上对实验数据进行分析,同时与试验成果相互对照,找出不同的边界条件在有限元计算中对结构动力特性的影响,例如,侧向振动、上下振动、收缩振动及竖向扭曲振动在结构的自振频率中的主次关系。
本文对两种新型的空间结构(张弦梁结构和索杆组合结构)进行介绍,并对这两种结构的动力特性用ANSYS模拟分析,随后对索穹顶结构、张弦梁结构和索杆组合结构的动力特性进行对比分析。
最后,总结本文的研究工作。
Cable Dome is one of Tensegrity Systems with high structural efficiency. This innovative type of space structure with economical cost and ingenious design makes an extensive interest and attention all over the world, although it is not put into practical engineering until in space structures with large-span such as the gymnasium. It is obvious that Cable Dome has very wonderful developing future and important value in practice. However, so far, the technique of design and construction of Cable Dome is mastered only by American. They have built several Cable Domes in America. A great of research are carried on in other countries such as Japan and Canada as well. The studies on Cable Dome in our country is few. Especially, the research about joints and dynamic characters is seldom reached. So the work of this paper tries its way to the theory of Cable Domes.
The first part has reviewed Tensegrity Systems, the development of Cable Domes and its practice in architectures. Author summarizes the definition and natures of Tensegrity Systems, discusses the geometry and types of Cable Domes. As these this part has finished the basic research of Tensegrity Systems and Cable domes.
The second part studies the joints design of Cable Domes. First, author considers the connection strength between steel cable and joints, the requirements about joints function, the mechanics performance of
joints. Second, according to conceive to design and process model. Third, do the experiment to decide the design strength and maximum load. At last, the author through the Ansys to analyses the model and accomplishes the research of the joints' real properties such as the force and deformation. So it is-can be safe for joints in real buildings.
The paper has discussed the dynamic properties of Cable Domes. And according to real conditions has finished relative experiments. Consequently, in theory the author utilizes Subspace and Lanczos methods to analyses, experimental data. Through the comparing, find in 'limiting elements calculation the different boundary can affect dynamic properties, for example, the important place of lateral vibration, vertical vibration, shrinking vibration and vertical distortion vibration in automatic frequency.
The paper has introduced two new types of special structures(the beam string structures and the cable-bar structures). And analyses their dynamic properties through Ansys. Finally, contrasts and analyses Cable Domes structure.
In the last part, the studies of this paper were concluded.
引文
[1] 黄呈伟,淘燕:索穹顶结构的动力特性计算分析。空间结构,vol2,No.27,2001。
[2] 沈祖炎:大跨度空间结构的研究与发展。结构工程学的研究现状与趋势,同济大学出版社,1995
[3] 蓝天:空间结构的十年——从中国看世界。第六界空间结构学术会议论文集,地震出版社,pp1-8,1992,广州
[4] 刘锡良:空间结构的世界发展水平。空间结构,VOL.1,NO.2,1994。
[5] 钱若军,沈祖炎:索穹顶(Cable Dome)结构。徐州会议论文集1994。
[6] 马立明,沈祖炎,钱若军:大跨度空间结构的新形式——张拉整体穹顶结构。同济大学学报,vol,23,No.2,1995。
[7] 董石麟,钱若军:空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法。中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[8] 钟善桐,沈祖炎等:大跨房屋钢结构。中国建筑工业出版社,1984。
[9] 匡文起,张玉良,辛克贵:结构矩阵分析和程序设计。高等教育出版社,1989
[10] Geiger Roof Structure, United States Patent. Patent No.4734553, April.12, 1988.
[11] David Geiger, Andrew stefanicck, David chen:The Design and construction of Two cable Dome for the Korean Olympics, Shells,Membrane and space Franmes, Proceedings IASS Symposium Osaka, 1986, vol.2, Elsevier Appl.science, 1986, 265-272.
[12] Fuller, R.buckminster:INVENTIONNS, THE PATENTED WORKS of R.BUCKMTNSTER FULLER.ST.Martin's Press, NEW YORK,1983.
[13] Tuckman, Janice and Shin Ho-Chul:"olympic Domes First of Their Kin". BNGINEERING News RECORD, March 6.1998.
[14] Matthy p.levy:HAPAR-TENSEGRITY DOME, Proceedings International Conf. Sports Architecture, 1990.
[15] S.Pellegrino.A Class of Tensegrity Domes. International Journal of Space Structures, vol.7, No.1992.
[16] 贾耀卿主编:常用金属材料手册。中国标准出版社,1999。
[17] 黄毅宏,李明辉:模具制造工艺。机械工业出版社,1996。
[18] 胡石玉:模具制造技术。东南大学出版社,1997。
[19] 刘北辰:工程计算力学。机械工业出版社,1990
[20] 沈世钊,徐崇宝:悬索结构设计。中国建筑工业出版社,1986。
[21] 刘永仁:结构分析中的程序设计。同济大学出版社,1991。
[22] 金问鲁:悬挂结构计算。中国建筑工业出版社,1975。
[23] 刘开国:拉索穹顶结构在轴对称荷载作用下的计算。建筑结构学报,Vol.14,No.5,1993。
[24] 王晓明:悬索的变原长计算模式。计算结构力学及应用,Vol.9,No.2,1992。
[25] 张其林:预应力结构非线性分析的索单元理论。工程力学,Vol.10,No.4,1993。
[26] 黄呈伟:张拉整体结构计算。工程力学增刊,vol 1,No.326,1996
[27] 黄呈伟:索穹顶结构的实验分析。空间结构,vol 3,No.40,1999。
[28] 唐建民,沈祖炎,钱若军:索穹顶结构成形试验研究。空间结构,第1卷,第2期,1999.5。
[29] 唐建民:索穹顶体系的结构理论研究。同济大学博士学位论文,1996.6。
[30] 蒋友谅:非线性有限元法。北京工业学院出版社,1988。
[31] YAMAGUGHI, I., OKADA. A. K., KIMURA, M., MAGARA. H., OKAMURA, K. OHTA, H., OKADA. A., and OKUNO, N.. A study on the Mechanism and Structural Behaviours of Cable Dome. Proceedings of the International. colloquium on Space structures for Sports Buidings, Beijing, 1987, 534-549.
[32] P. LABOSSIERE and S. LEBLANCE. A Simulati on of Cable Dome Construction. Space Structure 4. Thomas Tel ford. London, 1993.
[33] S.Pellegrino. A Class of Tensegrity Domes. International Journal of Space Structures, vol .7, NO.1992.
[34] 张汝清,詹先义:非线性有限元法分析。重庆大学出版社,1990。
[35] 陈志华:张拉结构初始几何曲面的确定。天津大学博士学位论文,1995。
[36] Levy, M."TRIANGULATED ROOF STRUCTURE", INTERNATIONAL PATENT APPLICATING, PUBLICATION NUMBER: WO 982/08015, APPLICATION NUMBER:PCT/US 91/08096, WORLD INTELLECTUAL.
[37] Rene Motro Professor、sihem Belkacem Docteur Ingenieur、Nicolas Vassart, Chercheur. Proc.of IASS-ASCE Int.symp.1994
[38] 黄呈伟,“拉索穹形屋盖结构计算分析”,昆明理工大学学报,第3卷第1期,1998.1
[39] 拉索体系。柳州建筑机械总厂
[40] 王国强主编;实用工程数值模拟技术及其ANSYS上的实践。西北工业大学出版社,1999.8。
[41] 舒士霖主编:钢筋混凝土结构。浙江大学出版社1995。6。
[42] 刘开国,“大跨度张弦梁式结构的分析”,空间结构,第七卷第二期,2001.2