铁炭陶粒微电解填料的开发与应用研究
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摘要
微电解技术具有适用范围广、处理效果好、成本低廉等优点,但也存在填料板结、钝化和不易更换等诸多问题,其中填料板结是制约其应用的主要问题。本研究致力于开发新型铁炭陶粒微电解填料,首先优化了新型陶粒填料的制备过程,在此基础上,对其物理化学性质进行表征,比较了几种微电解填料的处理效果,最后对装填了铁炭陶粒和传统铁屑炭粒散装填料的两种微电解连续流反应器运行效果进行比较。
试验以废铁屑粉、粉末活性炭及膨润土为基本材料,按不同的成分比例,控制不同的焙烧温度和添加剂,烧制成粒径为3-5mm的铁炭陶粒。以陶粒对废水有机物的去除能力、生物毒性的削减和可生化性的提高程度为优化目标,通过烧杯实验,采用单因素分析法,对铁炭陶粒的制备方法进行了优化。试验结果得出了铁炭陶粒制备的最佳焙烧温度,最适宜的添加剂及铁屑、活性炭粉、膨润土的最佳体积比。
试验制备的铁炭陶粒填料基本为球形,外表面粗糙多孔,粒径为3-5mm,真密度、表观密度和堆积密度分别为4.41、3.52和1.26(103kg/m~3)。表面主要含有铁、碳、氧和硅四种元素,质量分数分别为56.92%、12.53%、18.67%和7.52%。填料具有足够的强度。BET比表面积为16.45m~2/g,填料以介孔为主。
将铁炭陶粒填料与两种市售微电解填料和传统铁炭散装填料进行对比,考察对化工废水(苯酚配水、硝基苯配水和化工废水)的处理效果。对这三种废水,铁炭陶粒填料的处理效果都明显优于市售两种填料,且在多次重复使用过程中,铁炭陶粒填料表现出较好的处理性能。
采用两个连续流反应器,对比传统铁炭散装填料与新制备的铁炭陶粒填料的处理性能及板结情况。试验结果表明,在运行初期,传统填料反应器处理效果较好,可能主要是活性炭吸附的缘故;运行一周后,二者处理效果相当,COD去除率在40%以上,B/C由0.1提高到0.3左右;运行50天后,铁炭陶粒反应器的处理效果明显优于传统填料反应器。试验还发现铁炭陶粒具有较好的抗板结性能,反应器连续运行79天,过滤阻力基本不变,而传统铁炭散装填料反应器持续运行1个月后,过滤阻力明显增长,同时伴随处理效果下降。
Micro-electrolysis technology has the advantages of widely application, good performance and low cost. However, it also has the drawbacks of campaction, passivation and exchanging difficultly. The campaction was the main factor restricting its usage in large scale. The objective of this study was to develop iron-carbon ceramic micro-electrolysis packing. Firstly, the preparation method of the micro-electrolysis packings was optimized. Secondly, the physical and chemical feature was characterized and the treatment effects of several micro-electrolysis packings were compared. Finally, the continuous reactor was operated to investigate the performance of the micro-electrolysis packing.
In the experiment, as the basic materials, the scrap iron, powder activated carbon and bentonite were roasted to iron-carbon ceramic with a diameter of 3-5mm in different proportions, temperatures and additions. The beaker experiment and single factor analysis method were used to optimize the preparation methods of the ceramic for the purpose of improving the removal of organic matter, decreacing the biotoxicity and increasing the biodegradability of the wastewater. The results showed that the optimum performance was obtained from the iron-carbon ceramic prepared at the roasting temperature, addition, volume ratio of scrap iron, powder activated carbon and bentonite.
The new packing was round, rough and porous in the surface with the diameter of 3-5mm. True density, apparent density and the bulk density were 4.41, 3.52 and 1.26 (103kg/m~3) . In the surface, the main components were iron, carbon, oxygen and silicon, which had the mass fractrion of 56.92%, 12.53%, 18.67% and 7.52%, respectively. The ceramic had enough strength. The BET specific surface area was 16.45m~2/g. The mesoporous was the main hole.
To investigate the treatment capability of the iron-carbon ceramic packing to chemical industry wastewater (including two mixing water and one practical wastewater), another two micro-electrolysis packings bought in market and a traditional iron-carbon bulk packing were compared with the ceramic packing. The iron-carbon ceramic packing was much better than the two micro-electrolysis packings bought in market to all the wastewater and mixing water. As the reusage of the different packings, the iron-carbon ceramic packing turned out good treatment performance.
Two continuous reactors were employed to compare the treatment performance and campaction of the traditional iron-carbon bulk packing and the new iron-carbon ceramic packing. The result showed that in the initial stage of the reator operation, the traditional carbon-iron packing had a better performance than the new packing, which was mainly because of the absorption effect of activated carbon. After a week, the two packing had the equivalent effect, the COD removal rate was above 40% and the B/C was increased to about 0.3. After 50 days’operation, the iron-carbon ceramic packing was better than carbon-iron packing obviously. The optimum operation condition was pH = 3, HRT = 2h. It also turned out that the reactor packed with iron-carbon ceramic had good campaction resistibility. From the beginning to the end of the reactor operation, the filtration resistance was basically stable. However, the flitration resistance of the traditional iron-carbon packing reactor sharply increased during one month continuous operation and meanwhile the performance decreaced gradually.
试验以废铁屑粉、粉末活性炭及膨润土为基本材料,按不同的成分比例,控制不同的焙烧温度和添加剂,烧制成粒径为3-5mm的铁炭陶粒。以陶粒对废水有机物的去除能力、生物毒性的削减和可生化性的提高程度为优化目标,通过烧杯实验,采用单因素分析法,对铁炭陶粒的制备方法进行了优化。试验结果得出了铁炭陶粒制备的最佳焙烧温度,最适宜的添加剂及铁屑、活性炭粉、膨润土的最佳体积比。
试验制备的铁炭陶粒填料基本为球形,外表面粗糙多孔,粒径为3-5mm,真密度、表观密度和堆积密度分别为4.41、3.52和1.26(103kg/m~3)。表面主要含有铁、碳、氧和硅四种元素,质量分数分别为56.92%、12.53%、18.67%和7.52%。填料具有足够的强度。BET比表面积为16.45m~2/g,填料以介孔为主。
将铁炭陶粒填料与两种市售微电解填料和传统铁炭散装填料进行对比,考察对化工废水(苯酚配水、硝基苯配水和化工废水)的处理效果。对这三种废水,铁炭陶粒填料的处理效果都明显优于市售两种填料,且在多次重复使用过程中,铁炭陶粒填料表现出较好的处理性能。
采用两个连续流反应器,对比传统铁炭散装填料与新制备的铁炭陶粒填料的处理性能及板结情况。试验结果表明,在运行初期,传统填料反应器处理效果较好,可能主要是活性炭吸附的缘故;运行一周后,二者处理效果相当,COD去除率在40%以上,B/C由0.1提高到0.3左右;运行50天后,铁炭陶粒反应器的处理效果明显优于传统填料反应器。试验还发现铁炭陶粒具有较好的抗板结性能,反应器连续运行79天,过滤阻力基本不变,而传统铁炭散装填料反应器持续运行1个月后,过滤阻力明显增长,同时伴随处理效果下降。
Micro-electrolysis technology has the advantages of widely application, good performance and low cost. However, it also has the drawbacks of campaction, passivation and exchanging difficultly. The campaction was the main factor restricting its usage in large scale. The objective of this study was to develop iron-carbon ceramic micro-electrolysis packing. Firstly, the preparation method of the micro-electrolysis packings was optimized. Secondly, the physical and chemical feature was characterized and the treatment effects of several micro-electrolysis packings were compared. Finally, the continuous reactor was operated to investigate the performance of the micro-electrolysis packing.
In the experiment, as the basic materials, the scrap iron, powder activated carbon and bentonite were roasted to iron-carbon ceramic with a diameter of 3-5mm in different proportions, temperatures and additions. The beaker experiment and single factor analysis method were used to optimize the preparation methods of the ceramic for the purpose of improving the removal of organic matter, decreacing the biotoxicity and increasing the biodegradability of the wastewater. The results showed that the optimum performance was obtained from the iron-carbon ceramic prepared at the roasting temperature, addition, volume ratio of scrap iron, powder activated carbon and bentonite.
The new packing was round, rough and porous in the surface with the diameter of 3-5mm. True density, apparent density and the bulk density were 4.41, 3.52 and 1.26 (103kg/m~3) . In the surface, the main components were iron, carbon, oxygen and silicon, which had the mass fractrion of 56.92%, 12.53%, 18.67% and 7.52%, respectively. The ceramic had enough strength. The BET specific surface area was 16.45m~2/g. The mesoporous was the main hole.
To investigate the treatment capability of the iron-carbon ceramic packing to chemical industry wastewater (including two mixing water and one practical wastewater), another two micro-electrolysis packings bought in market and a traditional iron-carbon bulk packing were compared with the ceramic packing. The iron-carbon ceramic packing was much better than the two micro-electrolysis packings bought in market to all the wastewater and mixing water. As the reusage of the different packings, the iron-carbon ceramic packing turned out good treatment performance.
Two continuous reactors were employed to compare the treatment performance and campaction of the traditional iron-carbon bulk packing and the new iron-carbon ceramic packing. The result showed that in the initial stage of the reator operation, the traditional carbon-iron packing had a better performance than the new packing, which was mainly because of the absorption effect of activated carbon. After a week, the two packing had the equivalent effect, the COD removal rate was above 40% and the B/C was increased to about 0.3. After 50 days’operation, the iron-carbon ceramic packing was better than carbon-iron packing obviously. The optimum operation condition was pH = 3, HRT = 2h. It also turned out that the reactor packed with iron-carbon ceramic had good campaction resistibility. From the beginning to the end of the reactor operation, the filtration resistance was basically stable. However, the flitration resistance of the traditional iron-carbon packing reactor sharply increased during one month continuous operation and meanwhile the performance decreaced gradually.
引文
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