矿用锚杆回收装备的设计研究
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摘要
随着国内外锚杆支护技术的蓬勃发展,锚杆支护已成为煤矿巷道的主要支护形式,极大提高了井下作业的安全性。但是随着工作面推进,后方的巷道顶板因锚杆的悬固作用无法随工作面的放顶而垮落,使工作面后端出现大范围的悬顶,形成通风死角,容易出现瓦斯积聚现象;同时,当采煤机工作至巷道采区侧边缘时,采区侧的帮锚杆会影响到采煤机的正常工作,容易造成截割头的损伤,影响生产。因此,解决锚杆回收问题十分必要。
由于现有的锚杆回收装备多存在设备操作不便、安全性差等问题,故本文从理论、结构设计和有限元仿真三个方面对矿用锚杆回收装备进行设计研究,主要包括以下内容：
首先,讨论了锈死螺母的破切机理与破切器电控部分的工作原理。在此基础上,开发设计了可自动控制锈死螺母破切器,包括机械部分与电控部分的设计。机械部分的设计包括锈死螺母破切器与手动液压泵的设计；电控部分的设计包括电路系统、电磁阀以及压力传感器的设计。
其次,在退锚破岩机理研究的基础上,开发设计了退锚机具。退锚机具的设计包括退锚机具工作机构与退锚钻机的设计,完成将去除螺母的锚杆从煤岩中分离出来的任务。
最后,运用有限元分析软件对退锚机具工作机构分别在最大功率和额定功率下的工作过程进行了仿真分析,通过有限元的仿真模拟得到了退锚机具工作机构各个部件的变形云图与应力分布云图。结果表明,有限元仿真不仅验证了之前的理论结论,同时也很好的展现了理论无法推导与证明的内容。
通过上述工作,本文在锚杆回收装备的研究方面取得了一定的成果。可自动控制锈死螺母破切器已获得国家实用新型专利,与以往的普通螺母破切器相比,增加了电控部分,提高了破切精度；退锚机具工作机构的有限元仿真模拟为以后的结构优化设计提供了一定的参考依据。
With the flourishing development of anchor bolting technology at home and abroad, anchor supporting has become the main supporting in mine roadway and has increased the safety of down-hole operation. But due to the suspension function of anchor, the tunnel roof behind the working face can not fall down with the roof-caving of mining surface, resulting in a large area of roof hanging at the back of the working surface. The roof hanging forms the dead space of ventilation, easily causing gas accumulation, which poses a serious threat to the safety of working surface. Besides, when the shearer worked to the edge of roadway mining area, the end anchor may affect the normal operation of shearer and cause the damage of cutting head, affecting the production of coal. From these considerations, it is necessary to solve the problem of anchor recovery.
Since the existing equipments for anchor recovery had many shortcomings in operation or safety, in this study, the equipment of retreating mining anchor was analyzed and studied from theory, structure design and finite element simulation, mainly including these following contents:
First, cut-breaking mechanism of rusted nuts and working principle on the electric control part of breaking cutters were discussed. Based on these theories, automatically controllable breaking cutter for rusted nuts was designed, including designs of its mechanical part and electric control part. The design of mechanical part included designs of both breaking cutter for rusted nuts and manual hydraulic pump. The design of electric control part included designs of circuit system, solenoid valve and piezoresistive sensor.
Second, anchor removing equipments were designed based on the theoretical research on rock breaking. The design of anchor removing equipments included designs of its working parts and the drill for anchor removing, to remove the anchor without nut from the coal rock.
Finally, simulation analysis of the working process of anchor retreating equipments'working parts under the maximum power and rated power was made using finite element analysis software. The aberration nephogram and stress distribution nephogram of each components of retreating equipments were got from the simulation of ANSYS finite element. The results showed that the finite element simulation not only verified the previous theoretical conclusions, but also showed out those that the theory could not derive or prove.
Achievements had achieved on the research of anchor recycling equipments through those studies above. Automatically controllable breaking cutter for rusted nuts has got the china national practical new-type patent. Compared to the ordinary breaking cutter for rusted nuts, automatically controllable breaking cutter had higher breaking precision because of adding an electronic control part. The ANSYS finite element simulation of retreating equipments'components provides certain reference for the subsequent structural optimization design.
由于现有的锚杆回收装备多存在设备操作不便、安全性差等问题,故本文从理论、结构设计和有限元仿真三个方面对矿用锚杆回收装备进行设计研究,主要包括以下内容：
首先,讨论了锈死螺母的破切机理与破切器电控部分的工作原理。在此基础上,开发设计了可自动控制锈死螺母破切器,包括机械部分与电控部分的设计。机械部分的设计包括锈死螺母破切器与手动液压泵的设计；电控部分的设计包括电路系统、电磁阀以及压力传感器的设计。
其次,在退锚破岩机理研究的基础上,开发设计了退锚机具。退锚机具的设计包括退锚机具工作机构与退锚钻机的设计,完成将去除螺母的锚杆从煤岩中分离出来的任务。
最后,运用有限元分析软件对退锚机具工作机构分别在最大功率和额定功率下的工作过程进行了仿真分析,通过有限元的仿真模拟得到了退锚机具工作机构各个部件的变形云图与应力分布云图。结果表明,有限元仿真不仅验证了之前的理论结论,同时也很好的展现了理论无法推导与证明的内容。
通过上述工作,本文在锚杆回收装备的研究方面取得了一定的成果。可自动控制锈死螺母破切器已获得国家实用新型专利,与以往的普通螺母破切器相比,增加了电控部分,提高了破切精度；退锚机具工作机构的有限元仿真模拟为以后的结构优化设计提供了一定的参考依据。
With the flourishing development of anchor bolting technology at home and abroad, anchor supporting has become the main supporting in mine roadway and has increased the safety of down-hole operation. But due to the suspension function of anchor, the tunnel roof behind the working face can not fall down with the roof-caving of mining surface, resulting in a large area of roof hanging at the back of the working surface. The roof hanging forms the dead space of ventilation, easily causing gas accumulation, which poses a serious threat to the safety of working surface. Besides, when the shearer worked to the edge of roadway mining area, the end anchor may affect the normal operation of shearer and cause the damage of cutting head, affecting the production of coal. From these considerations, it is necessary to solve the problem of anchor recovery.
Since the existing equipments for anchor recovery had many shortcomings in operation or safety, in this study, the equipment of retreating mining anchor was analyzed and studied from theory, structure design and finite element simulation, mainly including these following contents:
First, cut-breaking mechanism of rusted nuts and working principle on the electric control part of breaking cutters were discussed. Based on these theories, automatically controllable breaking cutter for rusted nuts was designed, including designs of its mechanical part and electric control part. The design of mechanical part included designs of both breaking cutter for rusted nuts and manual hydraulic pump. The design of electric control part included designs of circuit system, solenoid valve and piezoresistive sensor.
Second, anchor removing equipments were designed based on the theoretical research on rock breaking. The design of anchor removing equipments included designs of its working parts and the drill for anchor removing, to remove the anchor without nut from the coal rock.
Finally, simulation analysis of the working process of anchor retreating equipments'working parts under the maximum power and rated power was made using finite element analysis software. The aberration nephogram and stress distribution nephogram of each components of retreating equipments were got from the simulation of ANSYS finite element. The results showed that the finite element simulation not only verified the previous theoretical conclusions, but also showed out those that the theory could not derive or prove.
Achievements had achieved on the research of anchor recycling equipments through those studies above. Automatically controllable breaking cutter for rusted nuts has got the china national practical new-type patent. Compared to the ordinary breaking cutter for rusted nuts, automatically controllable breaking cutter had higher breaking precision because of adding an electronic control part. The ANSYS finite element simulation of retreating equipments'components provides certain reference for the subsequent structural optimization design.
引文
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[10]于富才,杨宏,冉启发.锚杆支护技术的应用现状与发展前景[J].北方工业大学学报,2011,9：85-88
[11]程良奎.岩土锚固的现状与发展[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3)：7-12
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[13]De E Souza. A dynamic support system for yielding ground[J]. CIM Bulletin 1999,92(1032): 50-55
[14]He Manchao, Xu Nengxiong, Yao Aijun, etc. Theory of SCSTKP in soft Rock Roadway[J]. Journal of China University of Mining& Technology.2000,10(2):107-111
[15]亓昭英.国外锚杆的新发展[J].化工矿山技术,1995,24(2)：58-59
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