具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的理论分析与试验研究
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摘要
索穹顶结构是由Geiger根据Fuller的“张拉整体”思想开发出的一种结构效率极高的结构体系,其主要是由拉索和压杆组成,依靠施加预应力提供结构刚度,具有重量轻、跨度大及建筑形态丰富多样等特点,是代表了大跨空间结构较高水平的结构形式。目前国内外应用的索穹顶结构形式主要有Geiger型和Levy型两种。本文所研究的具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构,是一种特殊形态的索穹顶结构形式,目前仅有美国的一个工程实例和工程介绍文章。本文结合具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的构形,提出了多种结构布置方案,对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶的初始预应力分布、静动力特性、地震响应等进行了系统研究和深入分析,最后设计加工了模型,进行试验验证。
第一章在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,系统地分析了索穹顶结构的发展历史、工程实践应用、国内外主要的研究现状,结合具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的特点,明确了本文的主要研究内容。
第二章分析了具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的几何构成特点,提出了6类索穹顶设置外环桁架的结构布置方案,提出了桁架腹杆布置的两种方案及桁架内倾和外倾的不同造型方案。
第三章针对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构提出了初始预应力分布的简捷计算方法,推导了预应力的显式表达式。通过算例计算并与电算结果的对照分析,表明该方法是精确、可行的,既可方便有效应用于工程实践,又可作为理论分析的有益补充。
静力性能分析是研究、评价结构体系性能的重要内容和基础。第四章对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构在满跨荷载、半跨荷载作用下的杆件受力及节点变位进行了分析研究,同时考虑预应力变化、外环桁架高度变化、外环桁架倾角变化对受力性能的影响。
第五章分析研究了具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构的自振频率及振型分布特点,同时就体系的预应力水平、外环桁架高度、外环桁架倾角及环索截面大小对动力性能的影响做了分析。
第六章对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构的地震响应,包括构件的内力和节点的变位作了时程分析研究。
第七章结合本文的理论研究设计加工了直径为5.0米的具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构模型,通过测试结构的预应力分布、在多种荷载工况作用下的结构响应,验证了理论研究的正确性,且分析说明了产生试验误差的原因。
论文最后对本文的研究内容进行了总结,指出了该种新型空间结构仍需要解决的一些问题,明确了今后的研究方向。
Composed of both cable in tension and struts in compression, Cable dome structures which was first proposed by Geiger is known as the most successful application of tensegrity system conceived by Fuller. The most notable feature of the cable dome is high structural efficiency. On the basis of being prestressed to provide structural stiffness, this type of structures, featuring in light weight, giant span and verified structural styles, etc. has been regarded as representing the high level of giant-span spacial structures. The major two types of cable-dome structures being widely researched and practiced in real projects throughout the world are Geiger and Levy. The cable dome with outer truss ring analyzed in this article is a special type of cable domes, which has only been practiced in one projects in U.S.A. and has been recorded in a article. Proposing many types of composition forms of cable dome with outer truss ring, this article commits itself to systematically researching and analyzing the Geiger dome with outer truss ring through both theory and practice on such areas as the distributions of initial prepress, the characteristics of both static and dynamic forces, the analyses in earthquake response. At last, this article testifies all the theories raised and conclusions drawn by experimenting on specific models designed and processed on this purpose.
Based on the relevant references both in China and abroad, Chapter 1 reviews cable dome structures in its developing history, the practical appliances in engineering constructions, the existing conditions of both domestic and foreign researches in this area. Combined with the characteristics of cable dome with outer truss ring, the research contents of this paper are determined.
Chapter 2 analyzes the features of geometric component in cable dome with outer truss ring. 6 types of cable dome with outer truss ring, many composition forms of different arrangement of web members and different truss gradient were proposed.
In Chapter 3, a quick and simplified calculation method for initial prestress distribution of Geiger dome with outer truss ring was proposed. And the general equations corresponding to domes with an inner hoop and domes without an inner hoop were derived respectively. Using these equations, the initial prestress distribution of domes with certain parameters was obtained and compared with the results obtained by FEM. The results demonstrate that these equations, being precise and practical, could be effectively applied on practical constructions and could function as a useful complement in theoretical analysis.
The analytical researches of structure functions with static force as the basis for further researches of Geiger dome with outer truss ring. Chapter 4 analyzes the force-bearing and position-changes of both cables and struts under either full-span load or half-span load. The impacts on the performance of force-bearing being subject to the changes of prepress, the changes of height and gradient of truss, have also been studied hereby.
Chapter 5 analytically researches the Geiger dome with outer truss ring, concerning their respective self-vibration frequency and characteristic distributions of vibration types. It also calculates and analyzes the impacts on the potency of dynamic forces exerted by the prepress-levels, the height and gradient of truss, the sizes of the sections of hoop cables.
Chapter 6 focuses on the performances of Geiger dome with outer truss ring in terms of earthquake response, which includes analyses in both internal forces of the components and the time-history patterns of position-changes.
In Chapter 7, the real model of the Geiger dome with outer truss ring (diameter=5.0 meter) was designed and produced on the basis this article's theories. Experiments on prestress tensioning of Geiger dome with outer truss ring, static behavior of structure under full-span and half-span load are carried out. The results between the experimental data and theoretical analysis of the structure are compared and analyzed.
At last, all the research results are summarized. Some problems that will be solved in the future are listed..
第一章在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,系统地分析了索穹顶结构的发展历史、工程实践应用、国内外主要的研究现状,结合具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的特点,明确了本文的主要研究内容。
第二章分析了具有外环桁架的索穹顶结构的几何构成特点,提出了6类索穹顶设置外环桁架的结构布置方案,提出了桁架腹杆布置的两种方案及桁架内倾和外倾的不同造型方案。
第三章针对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构提出了初始预应力分布的简捷计算方法,推导了预应力的显式表达式。通过算例计算并与电算结果的对照分析,表明该方法是精确、可行的,既可方便有效应用于工程实践,又可作为理论分析的有益补充。
静力性能分析是研究、评价结构体系性能的重要内容和基础。第四章对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构在满跨荷载、半跨荷载作用下的杆件受力及节点变位进行了分析研究,同时考虑预应力变化、外环桁架高度变化、外环桁架倾角变化对受力性能的影响。
第五章分析研究了具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构的自振频率及振型分布特点,同时就体系的预应力水平、外环桁架高度、外环桁架倾角及环索截面大小对动力性能的影响做了分析。
第六章对具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构的地震响应,包括构件的内力和节点的变位作了时程分析研究。
第七章结合本文的理论研究设计加工了直径为5.0米的具有外环桁架的肋环型索穹顶结构模型,通过测试结构的预应力分布、在多种荷载工况作用下的结构响应,验证了理论研究的正确性,且分析说明了产生试验误差的原因。
论文最后对本文的研究内容进行了总结,指出了该种新型空间结构仍需要解决的一些问题,明确了今后的研究方向。
Composed of both cable in tension and struts in compression, Cable dome structures which was first proposed by Geiger is known as the most successful application of tensegrity system conceived by Fuller. The most notable feature of the cable dome is high structural efficiency. On the basis of being prestressed to provide structural stiffness, this type of structures, featuring in light weight, giant span and verified structural styles, etc. has been regarded as representing the high level of giant-span spacial structures. The major two types of cable-dome structures being widely researched and practiced in real projects throughout the world are Geiger and Levy. The cable dome with outer truss ring analyzed in this article is a special type of cable domes, which has only been practiced in one projects in U.S.A. and has been recorded in a article. Proposing many types of composition forms of cable dome with outer truss ring, this article commits itself to systematically researching and analyzing the Geiger dome with outer truss ring through both theory and practice on such areas as the distributions of initial prepress, the characteristics of both static and dynamic forces, the analyses in earthquake response. At last, this article testifies all the theories raised and conclusions drawn by experimenting on specific models designed and processed on this purpose.
Based on the relevant references both in China and abroad, Chapter 1 reviews cable dome structures in its developing history, the practical appliances in engineering constructions, the existing conditions of both domestic and foreign researches in this area. Combined with the characteristics of cable dome with outer truss ring, the research contents of this paper are determined.
Chapter 2 analyzes the features of geometric component in cable dome with outer truss ring. 6 types of cable dome with outer truss ring, many composition forms of different arrangement of web members and different truss gradient were proposed.
In Chapter 3, a quick and simplified calculation method for initial prestress distribution of Geiger dome with outer truss ring was proposed. And the general equations corresponding to domes with an inner hoop and domes without an inner hoop were derived respectively. Using these equations, the initial prestress distribution of domes with certain parameters was obtained and compared with the results obtained by FEM. The results demonstrate that these equations, being precise and practical, could be effectively applied on practical constructions and could function as a useful complement in theoretical analysis.
The analytical researches of structure functions with static force as the basis for further researches of Geiger dome with outer truss ring. Chapter 4 analyzes the force-bearing and position-changes of both cables and struts under either full-span load or half-span load. The impacts on the performance of force-bearing being subject to the changes of prepress, the changes of height and gradient of truss, have also been studied hereby.
Chapter 5 analytically researches the Geiger dome with outer truss ring, concerning their respective self-vibration frequency and characteristic distributions of vibration types. It also calculates and analyzes the impacts on the potency of dynamic forces exerted by the prepress-levels, the height and gradient of truss, the sizes of the sections of hoop cables.
Chapter 6 focuses on the performances of Geiger dome with outer truss ring in terms of earthquake response, which includes analyses in both internal forces of the components and the time-history patterns of position-changes.
In Chapter 7, the real model of the Geiger dome with outer truss ring (diameter=5.0 meter) was designed and produced on the basis this article's theories. Experiments on prestress tensioning of Geiger dome with outer truss ring, static behavior of structure under full-span and half-span load are carried out. The results between the experimental data and theoretical analysis of the structure are compared and analyzed.
At last, all the research results are summarized. Some problems that will be solved in the future are listed..
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