3kW LLC谐振式模块化通信电源
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摘要
负载的多样化，特别是负载功率的多变性，以及人们对设备成本投入的最低化和阶段化，需要适用面更广，稳定性更高，还需要具备冗余性和可扩容性的电源与之相适应。这些都对传统的集中式电源提出了挑战，随着模块化分布式电源的技术发展，模块电源系统已成为现在和未来电源的发展趋势。
本文以220V交流输入，42V—58V直流输出的AC／DC型模块电源单元为研究对象，选用PFC+LLC谐振回路为主电路拓扑。首先介绍了PFC主电路和控制芯片，给出主要参数的设计，并介绍PFC电路的保护和延时电路；然后分析LLC谐振变换器的工作原理，讨论LLC谐振变换器的主要特性，给出主要参数的设计，并介绍了LLC谐振变换器的控制方案和控制芯片，再次介绍了均流控制方法，重点研究分析了最大电流均流法和限流最大电流均流控制，提出了非选择性共同控制模式和选择性控制模式两种均流控制方案。最后设计制作220V交流输入，输出功率3kW的模块电源，并进行了不同谐振频率(40kHz与100kHz)以及不同电路布局下的对比试验研究，以谐振频率为100kHz的模块电源为例，进行了并机均流试验研究，给出了试验波形和结果。通过对试验结果的分析，验证了设计的可行性。最后分析了不足之处以及今后可能的改进方向。
The power supply with redundancy, which has larger capacity of output, more stability and more extensive application, should be suitable for the diversification of varied load, and minimum cost. It's a challenge to classical concentrated power source, instead, technologies of distributed power source appear and develop, which become a trend of power supply developing now and in future.
This paper focuses on a 220V ac input and 42V-58V dc output -modularize power supply, choosing PFC+LLC resonant circuit as main topology. PFC main circuit and controlling IC are discussed firstly, also, giving major parameters' design. Protecting circuit and delay recover circuit are discussed too. Then, operation principle of LLC resonant circuit is introduced, including main characteristic of LLC resonant, major parameters' design, controlling method and controlling IC. After, this paper also discusses current sharing method, especially maximal current sharing and output limited maximal current sharing. Finally, a modularize power supply with 220V ac input and 3kW output power is completed, two compared experiments with different resonant frequency and different layout design have been done. More, two modularize power supplies with same parameters and layout design are completed for parallel operation experiment. The result of experiment showed feasibility and deficiency of modularize power supply design, and possible improving direction.
本文以220V交流输入，42V—58V直流输出的AC／DC型模块电源单元为研究对象，选用PFC+LLC谐振回路为主电路拓扑。首先介绍了PFC主电路和控制芯片，给出主要参数的设计，并介绍PFC电路的保护和延时电路；然后分析LLC谐振变换器的工作原理，讨论LLC谐振变换器的主要特性，给出主要参数的设计，并介绍了LLC谐振变换器的控制方案和控制芯片，再次介绍了均流控制方法，重点研究分析了最大电流均流法和限流最大电流均流控制，提出了非选择性共同控制模式和选择性控制模式两种均流控制方案。最后设计制作220V交流输入，输出功率3kW的模块电源，并进行了不同谐振频率(40kHz与100kHz)以及不同电路布局下的对比试验研究，以谐振频率为100kHz的模块电源为例，进行了并机均流试验研究，给出了试验波形和结果。通过对试验结果的分析，验证了设计的可行性。最后分析了不足之处以及今后可能的改进方向。
The power supply with redundancy, which has larger capacity of output, more stability and more extensive application, should be suitable for the diversification of varied load, and minimum cost. It's a challenge to classical concentrated power source, instead, technologies of distributed power source appear and develop, which become a trend of power supply developing now and in future.
This paper focuses on a 220V ac input and 42V-58V dc output -modularize power supply, choosing PFC+LLC resonant circuit as main topology. PFC main circuit and controlling IC are discussed firstly, also, giving major parameters' design. Protecting circuit and delay recover circuit are discussed too. Then, operation principle of LLC resonant circuit is introduced, including main characteristic of LLC resonant, major parameters' design, controlling method and controlling IC. After, this paper also discusses current sharing method, especially maximal current sharing and output limited maximal current sharing. Finally, a modularize power supply with 220V ac input and 3kW output power is completed, two compared experiments with different resonant frequency and different layout design have been done. More, two modularize power supplies with same parameters and layout design are completed for parallel operation experiment. The result of experiment showed feasibility and deficiency of modularize power supply design, and possible improving direction.
引文
[1] 现代电力电子及电源技术的发展．http://www.ispower.cn/main/onews.asp?id=99
[2] 直流模块化电源的发展趋势及热点探讨．中国电源资讯网．
[3] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．电子工业出版社．2002．
[4] 周志敏．开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用．人民邮电出版社．2004．
[5] 刘胜利．现代高频开关电源实用技术．电子工业出版社．2004．
[6] 杨益平．谐振DC／DC变换器的研究．杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文．2005．
[7] 张卫平．开关变换器的建模与控制．北京：中国电力出版社．2006．
[8] 阮新波，严仰光．直流开关电源的软开关技术．科学出版社．2000．
[9] 林渭勋．现代电力电子技术．浙江大学出版社．2003．
[10] 周志敏，周纪海．开关电源实用技术——设计与应用．人民邮电出版社．2003．
[11] 周庭阳，江维澄．电路原理．浙江大学出版社．2000．
[12] James. F. Lazar, Robert. Martinelli. Steady-State Analysis of the LLC Series Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'01, 2001, pages: 728-735.
[13] Van Zyl, G.J.J. A novel Frequency-Domain Small-Signal Analysis of Resonant Power Converters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ⅰ: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 2004,51(7),pages:1379-1384
[14] Cheng Ruijun, Yang Yugang, Jiang Ying. Design of LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Magnetic Technology. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS' 05, 2005, pages: 1351-1355.
[15] De Groot. H, Janssen. E, Pagano. R, Schetters. K. Design of a 1 MHz LLC Resonant Converter based on a DSP-driven SOI Half-Bridge Power MOS Module. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '06, 2006, pages: 1-14.
[16] R. Liu, C. Q. Lee, A. K. Upadhyay. Experimental study of the LLC-type series resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'91, 1991, pages: 31-37.
[17] Wenduo Liu, van Wyk. J. D. Design of integrated LLCT module for LLC resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'05, 2005, pages: 362-368.
[18] W.A. Tabisz, F. C. Lee, D.Y. Chen. A MOSFET resonant synchronous rectifier for high-frequency DC/DC converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'90, 1990, pages: 769-779.
[19] Bhat. A. K. S. Analysis and design of a modified series resonant converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8(4), pages: 423-430.
[20] G. S. N. Raju, S. Doradla. An LCL resonant converter with PWM control-analysis, simulation, and implementation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(2) , pages: 164-174.
[21] M. M. Jovanovic, F.C. Lee. DC analysis of half-bridge zero-voltage-switched multiresonant converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1990, 5(2), pages: 160-171.
[22] Duerbaum. T. First harmonic approximation including design constraints. In: Proceedings of Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC' 98, 1998, pages: 321-328.
[23] 张军明，谢小高等．DC／DC有源均流技术的研究．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(19)：31-36．
[24] 张敏娟．开关电源的平均电流自动均流技术．通信电源技术，2006，23(5)：19-21．
[25] 郑添耀．并联均流技术在高频开关电源中的应用研究．微电子学与计算机，2006，23(6)：169-171．
[26] H. de Groot, E. Janssen, R. Pagano, K. Schetters. Design of a 1 MHz LLC Resonant Converter based on a DSP-driven SOI Half-Bridge Power MOS Module. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'06, 2006, pages: 1-14.
[27] Yanjun Zhang, Dehong Xu, Kazuaki Mino, Kiyoaki Sasagawa. 1MHz-1kW LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Magnetics. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 955-961.
[28] Ray-Lee Lin, Wei-Cheng Ju. LLC DC/DC Resonant Converter with PLL Control Scheme. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 1537-1543.
[29] Guan-Chyun Hsieh, Cheng-Yuan Tsai, Wei-Li Hsu. Synchronous Rectification LLC Sesies-Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 1003-1009.
[30] R. Oruganti, J. Yang and F.C. Lee. State Plane Analysis of Parallel Resonant Converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'95,1985.
[31] 顾亦磊，杭丽君，吕征宇，钱照明．非对称结构多路输出LLC谐振型变换器．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(5)：82-87．
[32] 顾亦磊，吕征宇．副边电压应力最小化的LLC谐振型变换器拓扑．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(10)：50-55．
[33] 金科，阮新波．复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(3)：53-58．
[34] Principle and Design Application of Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter. ST Microelectronics, 2006.
[35] Yang B, F.C. Lee, Concannon. M. Over current protection methods for LLC resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'03, 2003, pages: 605-609.
[36] Lu, B., Liu, W., Liang, Y., Lee, F.C., and Wyk, J.D. Optimal Design Methodology for LLCResonant Converter [A]. Proceedings of 21th Annual IEEE Conference on applied power electronics. 2006, pages: 533-538.
[37] Bo Yang, Rengang Chen, F. C. Lee. Integrated Magnetic for LLC Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'02, 2002, pages: 346-351.
[38] Chen Rengang, Yang Bo, Canales F.,Barbose P. Van, Wyk JD., Lee F.C..Ingegration Of Electromagnetic Passive Components In DPS Front-End DC/DC Converter- A Comparative Study Of Different Integration Steps. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC' 03,2003, pages: 1108-1112.
[39] Youssef, M. Z., and Jain P. K.. A front end self-sustained LLC Resonant Converter. PESC' 04, 2004, pages: 3651-3656.
[40] Chandan Chakraborty. Novel Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topology Realized by Adjusting Transformer Parameters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(1):197-205
[41] Yilei Gu, Zhengyu LU and Zhaoming Qian. Three level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Coverter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 04, 2004, pages: 1647-1652.
[42] Ashoka K. S. Bhat. A Unified Approach for the Steady-State Analysis of Resonant Converters. IEEE Transcations on Industrial Electronics, 1991, 38(4):251-259.
[43] Marn Go Kim, Dae Sik Lee, and Myang Joong Youn. A new state feedback of Resonant Converter. IEEE Transcations on Industrial Electronics, 1991,38(4):173-179.
[44] Jinrong Qian, Qun Zhao and Fred C. Lee. Sing-State Single-Switch Power Factro Correction AC/DC Converter with DC Bus Voltage Feedback for Universal Line Application. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC' 98,1998.
[45] Xinbo Ruan, Yangguang Yan. Soft-Switching Techniques For PWM Full Bridge Converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC' 00, 2000, pages:6345-639.
[46] Min Chen, Dehong Xu, M. Matsui. Study On Magnetizing Inductance Of Hight Frequency Transformer In The Two Transisor Converter. In: Proceedings of Power Conversion Convference, 2002, pages:597-602.
[47] Leopoldo Rossetto. A Simple control Technique For Series Resonant Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 11(5), pages:554-560.
[48] Rudy Severns. Topologies for three element Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 01, 2001, pages:712-722.
[49] C. Q. Lee, R.Liu, I.Batarseh. Parallel Resonant Converter with LLC-Type Commutation. IEEE Transcations on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 25(6), 1989.
[50] AC-DC Converter Design Using High-Voltage Resonant Mode. L. Prasad Paruchuri & CC Cheung STMicroelectronics Ltd.
[51] CD4046 datasheet. Texas Instruments.
[52] UC3854 datasheet. Unitrode.
[53] 赵修科．实用电源技术手册——磁性元器件分册．辽宁科学技术出版社．2002．
[2] 直流模块化电源的发展趋势及热点探讨．中国电源资讯网．
[3] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．电子工业出版社．2002．
[4] 周志敏．开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用．人民邮电出版社．2004．
[5] 刘胜利．现代高频开关电源实用技术．电子工业出版社．2004．
[6] 杨益平．谐振DC／DC变换器的研究．杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文．2005．
[7] 张卫平．开关变换器的建模与控制．北京：中国电力出版社．2006．
[8] 阮新波，严仰光．直流开关电源的软开关技术．科学出版社．2000．
[9] 林渭勋．现代电力电子技术．浙江大学出版社．2003．
[10] 周志敏，周纪海．开关电源实用技术——设计与应用．人民邮电出版社．2003．
[11] 周庭阳，江维澄．电路原理．浙江大学出版社．2000．
[12] James. F. Lazar, Robert. Martinelli. Steady-State Analysis of the LLC Series Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'01, 2001, pages: 728-735.
[13] Van Zyl, G.J.J. A novel Frequency-Domain Small-Signal Analysis of Resonant Power Converters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ⅰ: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 2004,51(7),pages:1379-1384
[14] Cheng Ruijun, Yang Yugang, Jiang Ying. Design of LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Magnetic Technology. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS' 05, 2005, pages: 1351-1355.
[15] De Groot. H, Janssen. E, Pagano. R, Schetters. K. Design of a 1 MHz LLC Resonant Converter based on a DSP-driven SOI Half-Bridge Power MOS Module. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '06, 2006, pages: 1-14.
[16] R. Liu, C. Q. Lee, A. K. Upadhyay. Experimental study of the LLC-type series resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'91, 1991, pages: 31-37.
[17] Wenduo Liu, van Wyk. J. D. Design of integrated LLCT module for LLC resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'05, 2005, pages: 362-368.
[18] W.A. Tabisz, F. C. Lee, D.Y. Chen. A MOSFET resonant synchronous rectifier for high-frequency DC/DC converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'90, 1990, pages: 769-779.
[19] Bhat. A. K. S. Analysis and design of a modified series resonant converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8(4), pages: 423-430.
[20] G. S. N. Raju, S. Doradla. An LCL resonant converter with PWM control-analysis, simulation, and implementation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 10(2) , pages: 164-174.
[21] M. M. Jovanovic, F.C. Lee. DC analysis of half-bridge zero-voltage-switched multiresonant converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1990, 5(2), pages: 160-171.
[22] Duerbaum. T. First harmonic approximation including design constraints. In: Proceedings of Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC' 98, 1998, pages: 321-328.
[23] 张军明，谢小高等．DC／DC有源均流技术的研究．中国电机工程学报，2005，25(19)：31-36．
[24] 张敏娟．开关电源的平均电流自动均流技术．通信电源技术，2006，23(5)：19-21．
[25] 郑添耀．并联均流技术在高频开关电源中的应用研究．微电子学与计算机，2006，23(6)：169-171．
[26] H. de Groot, E. Janssen, R. Pagano, K. Schetters. Design of a 1 MHz LLC Resonant Converter based on a DSP-driven SOI Half-Bridge Power MOS Module. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'06, 2006, pages: 1-14.
[27] Yanjun Zhang, Dehong Xu, Kazuaki Mino, Kiyoaki Sasagawa. 1MHz-1kW LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Magnetics. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 955-961.
[28] Ray-Lee Lin, Wei-Cheng Ju. LLC DC/DC Resonant Converter with PLL Control Scheme. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 1537-1543.
[29] Guan-Chyun Hsieh, Cheng-Yuan Tsai, Wei-Li Hsu. Synchronous Rectification LLC Sesies-Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'07, 2007, pages: 1003-1009.
[30] R. Oruganti, J. Yang and F.C. Lee. State Plane Analysis of Parallel Resonant Converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC'95,1985.
[31] 顾亦磊，杭丽君，吕征宇，钱照明．非对称结构多路输出LLC谐振型变换器．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(5)：82-87．
[32] 顾亦磊，吕征宇．副边电压应力最小化的LLC谐振型变换器拓扑．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(10)：50-55．
[33] 金科，阮新波．复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器．中国电机工程学报，2006，26(3)：53-58．
[34] Principle and Design Application of Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter. ST Microelectronics, 2006.
[35] Yang B, F.C. Lee, Concannon. M. Over current protection methods for LLC resonant converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'03, 2003, pages: 605-609.
[36] Lu, B., Liu, W., Liang, Y., Lee, F.C., and Wyk, J.D. Optimal Design Methodology for LLCResonant Converter [A]. Proceedings of 21th Annual IEEE Conference on applied power electronics. 2006, pages: 533-538.
[37] Bo Yang, Rengang Chen, F. C. Lee. Integrated Magnetic for LLC Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC'02, 2002, pages: 346-351.
[38] Chen Rengang, Yang Bo, Canales F.,Barbose P. Van, Wyk JD., Lee F.C..Ingegration Of Electromagnetic Passive Components In DPS Front-End DC/DC Converter- A Comparative Study Of Different Integration Steps. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC' 03,2003, pages: 1108-1112.
[39] Youssef, M. Z., and Jain P. K.. A front end self-sustained LLC Resonant Converter. PESC' 04, 2004, pages: 3651-3656.
[40] Chandan Chakraborty. Novel Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topology Realized by Adjusting Transformer Parameters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(1):197-205
[41] Yilei Gu, Zhengyu LU and Zhaoming Qian. Three level LLC Series Resonant DC/DC Coverter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 04, 2004, pages: 1647-1652.
[42] Ashoka K. S. Bhat. A Unified Approach for the Steady-State Analysis of Resonant Converters. IEEE Transcations on Industrial Electronics, 1991, 38(4):251-259.
[43] Marn Go Kim, Dae Sik Lee, and Myang Joong Youn. A new state feedback of Resonant Converter. IEEE Transcations on Industrial Electronics, 1991,38(4):173-179.
[44] Jinrong Qian, Qun Zhao and Fred C. Lee. Sing-State Single-Switch Power Factro Correction AC/DC Converter with DC Bus Voltage Feedback for Universal Line Application. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC' 98,1998.
[45] Xinbo Ruan, Yangguang Yan. Soft-Switching Techniques For PWM Full Bridge Converters. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC' 00, 2000, pages:6345-639.
[46] Min Chen, Dehong Xu, M. Matsui. Study On Magnetizing Inductance Of Hight Frequency Transformer In The Two Transisor Converter. In: Proceedings of Power Conversion Convference, 2002, pages:597-602.
[47] Leopoldo Rossetto. A Simple control Technique For Series Resonant Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1995, 11(5), pages:554-560.
[48] Rudy Severns. Topologies for three element Resonant Converter. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 01, 2001, pages:712-722.
[49] C. Q. Lee, R.Liu, I.Batarseh. Parallel Resonant Converter with LLC-Type Commutation. IEEE Transcations on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 25(6), 1989.
[50] AC-DC Converter Design Using High-Voltage Resonant Mode. L. Prasad Paruchuri & CC Cheung STMicroelectronics Ltd.
[51] CD4046 datasheet. Texas Instruments.
[52] UC3854 datasheet. Unitrode.
[53] 赵修科．实用电源技术手册——磁性元器件分册．辽宁科学技术出版社．2002．