论TalkBank工程对于中国学前儿童发展和教育研究的应用价值
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摘要
TalkBank工程是一种国际计算机儿童行为研究多模式交互系统，本文主要探讨该工程对于中国学前儿童发展和教育研究的应用价值。
先进的研究技术对于科学研究的开展非常必要，TalkBank工程代表了国际儿童发展和教育研究领域的最先进的研究技术。该工程在国际范围内业已被广泛应用于社会科学各种不同学科的研究工作，而且已经取得丰硕的研究成果。但是，国内的学前儿童发展和教育研究领域的研究人员对于该工程尚且缺乏足够的了解。对于该研究技术，本文对其发展的历史过程以及国际、国内学者对其利用情况做了简要回顾，从而提出了存在的研究空间。
在本论文研究结果部分，重点考察了下列问题：一是初步建立师幼互动、亲子互动、同伴互动等互动类型的TalkBank多模式数据文件。二是探索应用TalkBank技术对各类互动数据文件进行言语部分的计算机化分析的应用价值，并对各种互动数据文件的分析结果做出比较。三是探讨TalkBank技术对于各类互动数据文件中参与主体非言语行为互动研究的应用价值，并对参与主体互动过程中体现的心理特征、教育观念作了初步发现论证。四是初步尝试特定编码系统的创立。
论文最后对本项研究作总结，并给出研究建议。
TalkBank Project is an International Multi-modal Computer Exchange System for child behavioral research. This article is mainly on exploring the applied value of such a project for Chinese preschool child developmental and educational research.
Advanced research technology is very necessary for the conduction of scientific research. TalkBank Project represents the most advanced research technology in the field of international child developmental and educational research. This project has already been widely applied in the studies of various disciplines in social science area. Abundant of achievements have been obtained. This paper makes a brief review of the developmental process of TalkBank Project and its appliance situation in the world-wide range. Then the research spaces are pointed out.
In the part of research result of this paper, we focus on studying the following issues: the preliminary creation of TalkBank multi-modal data file for teacher-child interaction, parent-child interaction, child-child interaction; the exploration of value of applying TalkBank technology to conduct computational analyses on the language part of various interaction data files; the discussion of the applied value of such kind of technology on research of participants' nonverbal behavioral interaction; the primary arguments on the participants' psychological features and education ideas demonstrated in the process of interactions; the preliminary attempt on the creation of particular coding system.
At the end of this paper, we offer the summary conclusion of the research. Some suggestions for further research are also provided.
先进的研究技术对于科学研究的开展非常必要，TalkBank工程代表了国际儿童发展和教育研究领域的最先进的研究技术。该工程在国际范围内业已被广泛应用于社会科学各种不同学科的研究工作，而且已经取得丰硕的研究成果。但是，国内的学前儿童发展和教育研究领域的研究人员对于该工程尚且缺乏足够的了解。对于该研究技术，本文对其发展的历史过程以及国际、国内学者对其利用情况做了简要回顾，从而提出了存在的研究空间。
在本论文研究结果部分，重点考察了下列问题：一是初步建立师幼互动、亲子互动、同伴互动等互动类型的TalkBank多模式数据文件。二是探索应用TalkBank技术对各类互动数据文件进行言语部分的计算机化分析的应用价值，并对各种互动数据文件的分析结果做出比较。三是探讨TalkBank技术对于各类互动数据文件中参与主体非言语行为互动研究的应用价值，并对参与主体互动过程中体现的心理特征、教育观念作了初步发现论证。四是初步尝试特定编码系统的创立。
论文最后对本项研究作总结，并给出研究建议。
TalkBank Project is an International Multi-modal Computer Exchange System for child behavioral research. This article is mainly on exploring the applied value of such a project for Chinese preschool child developmental and educational research.
Advanced research technology is very necessary for the conduction of scientific research. TalkBank Project represents the most advanced research technology in the field of international child developmental and educational research. This project has already been widely applied in the studies of various disciplines in social science area. Abundant of achievements have been obtained. This paper makes a brief review of the developmental process of TalkBank Project and its appliance situation in the world-wide range. Then the research spaces are pointed out.
In the part of research result of this paper, we focus on studying the following issues: the preliminary creation of TalkBank multi-modal data file for teacher-child interaction, parent-child interaction, child-child interaction; the exploration of value of applying TalkBank technology to conduct computational analyses on the language part of various interaction data files; the discussion of the applied value of such kind of technology on research of participants' nonverbal behavioral interaction; the primary arguments on the participants' psychological features and education ideas demonstrated in the process of interactions; the preliminary attempt on the creation of particular coding system.
At the end of this paper, we offer the summary conclusion of the research. Some suggestions for further research are also provided.
引文
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[58] Michael·A·Forrester, (2002), APPROPRIATING CULTUAL CONCEPTIONS OF CHILDHOOD Participation in conversation, University of Kent.
[59] Timothy·Koschmann, Curtis·LeBaron. (2002) "Learner Articulation as Interactional Achievement: Studying the Conversation of Gesture". Cognition and Instruction, 20(2), 249-282, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Inc.
[60] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu/manuals/CHAT. pdf
[61] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu/manuals/CLAN. pdf
[62] http://www. talkbank. org/resources/software. html
[63] http://www. talkbank. org/ca/
[64] http://psyling. psy. cmu. edu/brian/
[65] http://www. nsf. gov/sbe/tcw/
[66] http://www. ldc. upenn. edu/exploration/
[67] http://www. talkbank. org/data/gesture/
[68] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/linking. html
[69] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/capturing. html
[70] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/resources. html
[71] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/playback. html
[72] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/video. ppt
[1] Anselm Srauss& Juliet Corbin 原著，吴芝仪、廖梅花 译，《质性研究入门：扎根理论研究方法》涛石文化事业有限公司，初版，2001
[2] 胡明扬/主编，《语言学概论》，语言出版社，2000年4月第一版
[3] 刘晶波 著，《师幼互动行为研究》，南京师范大学出版社，1999年12月第一版
[4] 刘金花主编，《儿童发展心理学》，华东师范大学出版社，1997年6月第二版，p274
[5] 孟昭兰 著，《婴儿心理学》，北京大学出版社，1997年7月第一版，p96
[6] 刘晓东 著，《儿童精神哲学》，南京师范大学出版社，1999年12月第一版
[7] 张文新 著，《儿童社会性发展》，北京师范大学出版社，1999年8月第一版
[8] 温志军、胡瑰玲，《开发利用世界上最大的儿童语料库——CHILDES》，《外语教学与研究》第五期，2001，p374-377
[9] 周兢 著，《儿童语言运用能力的发展》，南京师范大学出版社，2002年2月第一版
[10] 王坚红 编，《学前儿童发展与教育科学研究方法》，人民教育出版社，1991年10月第一版
[2] K·Adolph, (1995). "Psychophysical Assessment of toddlers' ability to cope with slopes," Journal oF Experimental Psychology, vol. 21, pp. 734-750,
[3] P·Sanderson, (1994). MacSHAPA Manual. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: CSERIAC.
[4] http://www. mitre. org/technology/alembic-workbench
[5] http://www. entropic. com/products/annotator/overview. html
[6] http://lacito. vjf. cnrs. fr/ARCHIVAG/ENGLISH. htm
[7] http://www. mpi. nl/world/tg/CAVA/CAVA. htm
[8] http://www. cs. vassar. edu/CES/
[9] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu
[1O] http://csh. cse. ogi. edu/toolkit/
[11] http://www. daisy. org/
[12] http://www. cs. rochester. edu/research/trains. html
[13] http://www. eloq. com/SuePap. htm
[14] http://www. digitallava. com
[15] http://www. humanitias. ucsb. edu/depts/linguistics/research/csae/conventions/index. html
[16] http://www. shlre, mq. edu. au/emu/
[17] http://www. cstr. ed. ac. uk/projects/festival/arch. html
[18] http://www. www. dcs. shef. ac. uk/research/groups/nlp/gate/overview. html
[19] http://www. ldc. upenn. edu/hyperlex
[20] http://www. informedia. cs. cmu. edu
[21] http://www. isip. msstate. edu/resources/software/swb_segmenter/
[22] http://www. ldc. upenn. edu
[23] http://www. gate. net/home/lipp. htm
[24] http://www. www. csse. swin. edu. au/macshapa/index. html
[25] http://mate. mip. ou. dk
[26] http://www. mpi. nl/world/tg/CAVA/mt/MtandDB, html
[27] http://www. phonetik. uni-muenchen. de/Bas/BasFormatseng. html
[28] http://fonsg3. let. uva. nl/praat
[29] http://www. bell-labs. com/project/tts/sable, html
[30] http://www. waisman. wise. edu/salt/index. htm
[31] http://www. cs. helsinki. fi/~jjaakkol/sgrep. html
[32] http://www. bu. edu/asllrp/SignStream/index. html
[33] http://www. sil. org/computing/shoebox. html
[34] http://www. speech. kth. se/SNACK/index. html
[35] http://humanitas. ucsb. edu/depts/linguistics/lab/transcription. html
[36] http://www. jaars. org/icts/sa. html
[37] http://www. ltg. ed. ac. uk/~ht/sgmleu97. html
[38] http://www. cogs. susx. ac. uk/users/
[39] http://www. sign-lang. uni-hamburg. de/software/syncWRITER/info. eng
[40] http://www. tei. uic. edu/orgs/tei
[41] http://www. tipster. org
[42] http://www. cis. upenn. edu/~treebank/home. html
[43] http://morph. ldc. upenn. edu/mirror/Transcriber
[44] http://www. ling. gu. se/SLSA/SLSAbody. html#Tools
[45] http://humanitas. ucsb. edu/depts/linguistics/lab/transcription. html
[46] http://www. ldc. upenn. edu/my/utf. pdf
[47] http://www. w3. org/TR/1998/NOTE-XML-date-O105
[48] http://w3c. org/TR/PR-rdf, syntax
[49] http://www.w3. org/TR/1998/NOTE-xml-ql
[50] http://www. w3. org/TR/NOTE-XSL. html
[51] http://www. w3c. org
[52] J·M·Siskind," A computational study of cross-situational techniques for learning word-to meaning mappings," Cognition, vol. 61, pp. 39-91, 1996.
[53] B·MacWhinney, The CHILDES Project: Tools for analyzing talk, Seconded. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995.
[54] http://www. talkbank. org/resources/proposal. pdf
[55] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu
[56] http://talkbank. org/share/
[57] Anna·Sfard, Kay·McClain(2002). "SPECIAL ISSUE: ANALYZING TOOLS:PERSPECTIVES ON THE ROLE OF DESIGNED ARTIFACTS IN MATHEATICS LEARNING," The Journal oF the Learning Sciences, Volume 11, Numbers 2&3.
[58] Michael·A·Forrester, (2002), APPROPRIATING CULTUAL CONCEPTIONS OF CHILDHOOD Participation in conversation, University of Kent.
[59] Timothy·Koschmann, Curtis·LeBaron. (2002) "Learner Articulation as Interactional Achievement: Studying the Conversation of Gesture". Cognition and Instruction, 20(2), 249-282, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Inc.
[60] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu/manuals/CHAT. pdf
[61] http://childes. psy. cmu. edu/manuals/CLAN. pdf
[62] http://www. talkbank. org/resources/software. html
[63] http://www. talkbank. org/ca/
[64] http://psyling. psy. cmu. edu/brian/
[65] http://www. nsf. gov/sbe/tcw/
[66] http://www. ldc. upenn. edu/exploration/
[67] http://www. talkbank. org/data/gesture/
[68] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/linking. html
[69] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/capturing. html
[70] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/resources. html
[71] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/playback. html
[72] http://www. talkbank. org/dv/video. ppt
[1] Anselm Srauss& Juliet Corbin 原著，吴芝仪、廖梅花 译，《质性研究入门：扎根理论研究方法》涛石文化事业有限公司，初版，2001
[2] 胡明扬/主编，《语言学概论》，语言出版社，2000年4月第一版
[3] 刘晶波 著，《师幼互动行为研究》，南京师范大学出版社，1999年12月第一版
[4] 刘金花主编，《儿童发展心理学》，华东师范大学出版社，1997年6月第二版，p274
[5] 孟昭兰 著，《婴儿心理学》，北京大学出版社，1997年7月第一版，p96
[6] 刘晓东 著，《儿童精神哲学》，南京师范大学出版社，1999年12月第一版
[7] 张文新 著，《儿童社会性发展》，北京师范大学出版社，1999年8月第一版
[8] 温志军、胡瑰玲，《开发利用世界上最大的儿童语料库——CHILDES》，《外语教学与研究》第五期，2001，p374-377
[9] 周兢 著，《儿童语言运用能力的发展》，南京师范大学出版社，2002年2月第一版
[10] 王坚红 编，《学前儿童发展与教育科学研究方法》，人民教育出版社，1991年10月第一版