我国农村留守儿童忽视问题研究
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摘要
目前，有关学者已对农村留守儿童忽视问题进行了相关研究，但有关实践和理论还存在着不足。同时，农村留守儿童忽视问题对留守儿童的健康成长带来不可逆转的消极影响。因此，对我国童年期农村留守儿童忽视问题进行研究尤为重要。本文在运用社会调查方法分析我国农村留守儿童忽视状况以及影响因素的基础上，依据生态系统理论构建了一套以政府为核心、多方参与的解决模式及具体对策，从而为促进农村留守儿童的健康成长、维护农村留守儿童的基本权利提供保障。本文主要包括以下内容。
首先，本文以农村留守儿童的相关理论为指导，对农村留守儿童、留守儿童社会化的概念进行了分析与界定，并详细阐述了儿童忽视的概念、类型、特点及其危害性，为下文的展开做了铺垫。
其次，本文以我国农村留守儿童为研究对象，通过发放问卷及实地考察等方式对其忽视状况进行了调查，并依据相关指标分析了农村留守儿童忽视的具体表现及各层面的忽视率和忽视度，同时说明了解决该问题的必要性和迫切性。
再次，在对我国农村留守儿童忽视状况分析的基础上，本文从宏观角度和微观角度分析了影响农村留守儿童忽视的各种因素，并从定量角度分析了影响农村留守儿童忽视率和忽视度的主要因素，为下文提出解决模式及对策提供了思路与指导。
最后，本文在上述调查与分析的基础上，依据生态系统理论构建了我国农村留守儿童忽视问题的解决模式，并分别从政府、家庭、学校、社区、非政府组织以及农村留守儿童自身等方面重点分析了该问题解决模式的对策，为相关部门的工作提供了参考和建议。
Until now, some scholars have researched the issues of the rural left-behind childrenneglected, but there still lacks practice and theory. Then, neglect issues of the ruralleft-behind children causes irreversible negative effects on children's healthy growth. So itis especially important to research the neglect problems of the rural left-behind children ofchildhood period. This paper uses the methods of social investigation to analyze the ruralleft-behind children neglected status and impact factors, then according to the theory ofecological system, this paper constructs a set of model which takes the government as thecore and multiparty participation, and proposes the specific countermeasures, so as toprovide basic protection for promoting healthy growth and protecting basic rights of therural left-behind children. This article mainly includes the following contents.
First of all, this thesis takes the related theories of rural left-behind children as aguide, analyzes the definition of rural left-behind children and left-behind childrensocialization, and elaborates the child neglect’s concept, type, characteristic andharmfulness in detail, which has a foreshadowing for the following contents.
Secondly, this paper takes our country rural left-behind children as research object,through some ways such as questionnaire and field survey, investigates the neglectcondition, analyzes the specific performance of rural left-behind children neglected andthe neglect rate and neglect degree according to the related indexes, then explains thenecessity and urgency of solving this problem.
Again, based on the analysis of the rural left-behind children neglected status, thispaper analyzes the impact factors of rural left-behind children neglected from the macroand micro perspectives, and analyzes the main factors which impact rural left-behindchildren's neglect rate and neglect degree from the quantitative perspective, so as toprovide ideas and guidance for putting forward to the solving pattern.
Finally, based on the above investigation and analysis, this paper proposes the solvingmodel of China's rural left-behind children neglected problem according to the ecological system theory, and analyzes separately strategies of the solving model of problem from thegovernment, family, school, community, non-governmental organizations and the ruralleft-behind children themselves, provides references and suggestions for the relevantdepartment’s work.
首先，本文以农村留守儿童的相关理论为指导，对农村留守儿童、留守儿童社会化的概念进行了分析与界定，并详细阐述了儿童忽视的概念、类型、特点及其危害性，为下文的展开做了铺垫。
其次，本文以我国农村留守儿童为研究对象，通过发放问卷及实地考察等方式对其忽视状况进行了调查，并依据相关指标分析了农村留守儿童忽视的具体表现及各层面的忽视率和忽视度，同时说明了解决该问题的必要性和迫切性。
再次，在对我国农村留守儿童忽视状况分析的基础上，本文从宏观角度和微观角度分析了影响农村留守儿童忽视的各种因素，并从定量角度分析了影响农村留守儿童忽视率和忽视度的主要因素，为下文提出解决模式及对策提供了思路与指导。
最后，本文在上述调查与分析的基础上，依据生态系统理论构建了我国农村留守儿童忽视问题的解决模式，并分别从政府、家庭、学校、社区、非政府组织以及农村留守儿童自身等方面重点分析了该问题解决模式的对策，为相关部门的工作提供了参考和建议。
Until now, some scholars have researched the issues of the rural left-behind childrenneglected, but there still lacks practice and theory. Then, neglect issues of the ruralleft-behind children causes irreversible negative effects on children's healthy growth. So itis especially important to research the neglect problems of the rural left-behind children ofchildhood period. This paper uses the methods of social investigation to analyze the ruralleft-behind children neglected status and impact factors, then according to the theory ofecological system, this paper constructs a set of model which takes the government as thecore and multiparty participation, and proposes the specific countermeasures, so as toprovide basic protection for promoting healthy growth and protecting basic rights of therural left-behind children. This article mainly includes the following contents.
First of all, this thesis takes the related theories of rural left-behind children as aguide, analyzes the definition of rural left-behind children and left-behind childrensocialization, and elaborates the child neglect’s concept, type, characteristic andharmfulness in detail, which has a foreshadowing for the following contents.
Secondly, this paper takes our country rural left-behind children as research object,through some ways such as questionnaire and field survey, investigates the neglectcondition, analyzes the specific performance of rural left-behind children neglected andthe neglect rate and neglect degree according to the related indexes, then explains thenecessity and urgency of solving this problem.
Again, based on the analysis of the rural left-behind children neglected status, thispaper analyzes the impact factors of rural left-behind children neglected from the macroand micro perspectives, and analyzes the main factors which impact rural left-behindchildren's neglect rate and neglect degree from the quantitative perspective, so as toprovide ideas and guidance for putting forward to the solving pattern.
Finally, based on the above investigation and analysis, this paper proposes the solvingmodel of China's rural left-behind children neglected problem according to the ecological system theory, and analyzes separately strategies of the solving model of problem from thegovernment, family, school, community, non-governmental organizations and the ruralleft-behind children themselves, provides references and suggestions for the relevantdepartment’s work.
引文
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[7] Huebner E S,McCullough G E. Correlates of School Satisfaction Among Adolescents[J]. Journalof Educational Research,2000,93(5):331-335.
[8] Schumacher J A,Smith Slep A M,Heyman R E. Risk Factors for Child Neglect[J]. Aggression andViolent Behavior,2001,(6):231-254.
[9] Swanson Ben. Family Environment, Love Withdrawal, Childhood Sexual Abuse and AdultAttachment[J]. Psychotherapy Research,2001,(18):455-472.
[10] Victoria Lucia,Naomi Breslau. Family Cohesion and Children’s Behavior Problems: ALongitudinal Investigation[J]. Psychiatry Research,2006,(141):141-149.
[11] Mary L,Blackburn. America’s Grandehildren Living in Grandparent Households[J]. Journal ofFamily and Ceonsumer Seiences,2000,(3):24-27.
[12] Webster Stratton C,Hammond M. Marital Conflict Management Skills,Parenting Style,andEarly-onset Conduct Problems: Processes and Pathways[J]. Child Psychiatry,2009,40(6):917-927.
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[14]张文新.儿童社会性发展[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1999:117.
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[16]藩建平.儿童忽视的分类和表现以及预防工作进展[J].中国全科医学,2007,10(3):189-191.
[17]陈丽,王晓华等.流动儿童和留守儿童的生长发育与营养状况分析[J].中国特殊教育,2010,(8):48-54.
[18]高亚兵.不同监护类型留守儿童与普通儿童心理发展状况的比较研究[J].中国特殊教育,2008,(7):56-61.
[19]贺林珂.关注农村留守儿童促进和谐农村构建[J].现代教育科学,2009,(5):52-54.
[20]陈清.留守儿童问题对和谐农村建设的影响及对策研究[D].山东:青岛大学学位论文,2008:18.
[21]张俊良,马晓磊.城市化背景下对农村留守儿童教育问题的探讨[J].农村经济,2010,(3):102-105.
[22]熊亚.公共政策视野下的农村留守儿童教育问题探讨[J].江西教育科研,2007,(1):85-86.
[23]迟希新.留守儿童道德成长问题的心理社会分析[J].江西教育科研,2006,(2):29-32.
[24]叶曼,张静平等.留守儿童心理健康状况影响因素分析及对策思考[J].医学与哲学,2006,(6):67-69.
[25]周宗奎,孙晓军等.农村留守儿童心理发展与教育问题[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(1):71-79.
[26]潘璐,叶敬忠.农村留守儿童研究综述[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2009,26(2):5-17.
[27]万明钢,毛瑞.当前我国“留守儿童”研究存在的若干问题[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2010,47(1):112-117.
[28]刘发明,严盈芳.农村义务教育面临的困境及对策研究[J].农业考古,2006,(3):357-359.
[29]王秋香.非政府组织与农村留守儿童权益保障[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,32(3):134-137.
[30]岳天明,原明明.农村留守儿童社会化及其对策研究——以家庭功能的弱化为基本视角[J].西北人口,2008,29(2):78-85.
[31]王秋香.“留守儿童”权益保障与和谐农村构建[J].理论学刊,2008,(3):82-84.
[32]叶敬忠,王伊欢等.父母外出务工对农村留守儿童学习的影响[J].农村经济,2006,(7):119-123.
[33]段成荣,杨舸.我国农村留守儿童状况研究[J].人口研究,2008,32(3):15-25.
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