兰州市机动车尾气中污染物量化及污染防治对策研究
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摘要
随着兰州市经济的快速发展及城镇化进程的加快,机动车保有量呈现出快速的增长趋势,导致机动车污染物的排放增加,这不仅严重污染了兰州市的环境空气,而且也会对人们的身体健康产生很大的危害。目前,兰州市空气污染类型已由煤烟型转变为煤烟—机动车尾气复合型污染,如何有效控制机动车尾气污染,促进兰州市资源、环境和社会经济的可持续发展,是我们亟待解决的课题。
通过分析针对兰州市机动车的尾气排放特征,选取典型主干路和次干路作为研究对象。通过调查兰州市机动车保有量、道路建设、行驶速度、车型比例、车辆运营特征以及城市空气质量等现状,根据机动车污染物排放因子的影响因素,确定本次研究中排放因子值。进一步建立典型路段和兰州市机动车污染物排放清单,分析研究兰州市区机动车尾气污染排放特征和规律,确定兰州市机动车不同污染物和不同交通时段排放分担率,并根据CALINE4模式计算兰州市机动车各污染物的排放浓度,通过机动车污染物排放清单、分担率和排放浓度的量化,评价兰州市区机动车尾气排放对环境空气污染的影响。
基于兰州市机动车污染物排放的量化结果及影响评价,提出一些尾气污染控制对策和治理措施,包括完善交通法律法规、优化城市交通布局、降低机动车污染物的排放等,这对改善兰州市环境空气质量,保证居民健康出行,促进兰州市经济建设与环境保护的稳定、协调和可持续发展具有重要的意义,也为我国城市进行交通污染控制提供的依据。
Accompanying rapid economic development and urbanization of Lanzhou City, retained number of vehicles keeps increasing, resulting in more vehicular exhaust. It causes severe air pollution in Lanzhou and is harmful to human health. Nowadays, type of air pollution in Lanzhou has changed from simple coal-smoke type to complex coal-smoke and vehicle-exhaust type. How to effectively control pollution from vehicular exhaust and promote sustainable development of Lanzhou City is an urgent issue.
The research analyzes the characteristic of vehicular exhaust in Lanzhou City, by choosing typical main roads and second roads as object to surveys current condition (including retained number and categories of vehicles, road construction, driving speed, operation feature and urban air quality). The research emission is determined by the factor of vehicular pollutants and the research result in vehicular exhaust.Based on collection of related materials, set a emission inventory of pollutants in typical roads and Lanzhou city to analyze the characteristic and rules of vehicular exhaust in downtown of Lanzhou city, and to insure total contributed ratio of various pollutants from vehicles during various hours, by Using CALINE-4model the author calculates emission concentration of various vehicular pollutants and quantifies influence of vehicular exhaust on air pollution from emission inventory of vehicular pollutants, contributed ratio and emission concentration.
Based on the above results, the author suggests some controlling strategies and measures, including decreasing vehicular exhaust, optimizing urban transportation layout, perfecting laws and regulations on transportation, and et.al. The research makes sense of improving air quality, ensuring health of resident outdoor, promoting stable, harmonious and sustainable development of economic development and environmental protection in Lanzhou City. The research also provides some reference on transportation management of peripheral cities of Lanzhou City.
通过分析针对兰州市机动车的尾气排放特征,选取典型主干路和次干路作为研究对象。通过调查兰州市机动车保有量、道路建设、行驶速度、车型比例、车辆运营特征以及城市空气质量等现状,根据机动车污染物排放因子的影响因素,确定本次研究中排放因子值。进一步建立典型路段和兰州市机动车污染物排放清单,分析研究兰州市区机动车尾气污染排放特征和规律,确定兰州市机动车不同污染物和不同交通时段排放分担率,并根据CALINE4模式计算兰州市机动车各污染物的排放浓度,通过机动车污染物排放清单、分担率和排放浓度的量化,评价兰州市区机动车尾气排放对环境空气污染的影响。
基于兰州市机动车污染物排放的量化结果及影响评价,提出一些尾气污染控制对策和治理措施,包括完善交通法律法规、优化城市交通布局、降低机动车污染物的排放等,这对改善兰州市环境空气质量,保证居民健康出行,促进兰州市经济建设与环境保护的稳定、协调和可持续发展具有重要的意义,也为我国城市进行交通污染控制提供的依据。
Accompanying rapid economic development and urbanization of Lanzhou City, retained number of vehicles keeps increasing, resulting in more vehicular exhaust. It causes severe air pollution in Lanzhou and is harmful to human health. Nowadays, type of air pollution in Lanzhou has changed from simple coal-smoke type to complex coal-smoke and vehicle-exhaust type. How to effectively control pollution from vehicular exhaust and promote sustainable development of Lanzhou City is an urgent issue.
The research analyzes the characteristic of vehicular exhaust in Lanzhou City, by choosing typical main roads and second roads as object to surveys current condition (including retained number and categories of vehicles, road construction, driving speed, operation feature and urban air quality). The research emission is determined by the factor of vehicular pollutants and the research result in vehicular exhaust.Based on collection of related materials, set a emission inventory of pollutants in typical roads and Lanzhou city to analyze the characteristic and rules of vehicular exhaust in downtown of Lanzhou city, and to insure total contributed ratio of various pollutants from vehicles during various hours, by Using CALINE-4model the author calculates emission concentration of various vehicular pollutants and quantifies influence of vehicular exhaust on air pollution from emission inventory of vehicular pollutants, contributed ratio and emission concentration.
Based on the above results, the author suggests some controlling strategies and measures, including decreasing vehicular exhaust, optimizing urban transportation layout, perfecting laws and regulations on transportation, and et.al. The research makes sense of improving air quality, ensuring health of resident outdoor, promoting stable, harmonious and sustainable development of economic development and environmental protection in Lanzhou City. The research also provides some reference on transportation management of peripheral cities of Lanzhou City.
引文
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