海洋监测浮标装置中电子与通讯系统研制
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摘要
随着卫星通讯、卫星遥感、水声遥测以及数据同化等技术的不断发展与成熟,海洋环境监测已进入从空间、沿岸、水面及水下对海洋环境进行立体监测的时代。然而现在除了投放ARGO浮标外,几乎没有什么有效的技术手段来获取海洋垂直剖面的包含任意水层要素数据的连续、实时序列观测数据。本文结合国内外先进的海洋监测技术,提出并实现了一种海洋波浪能定点垂直剖面监测系统。该系统可以实现海面以下水体垂直剖面环境监测数据的实时、自动获取,而在整个采集监测系统中,控制系统是核心单元。
本文的主要工作是该系统中控制子系统的设计与实现。文章从电子与通信系统总体设计、海洋监控浮标硬件设计及ARM-Linux系统建立、软件设计、系统调试等几部分对浮标监测控制系统进行阐述。
浮标电子与通信系统设计是海洋波浪能定点垂直剖面监测控制系统的子系统。该监控系统可以分为水下监测数据采集子系统和水上浮标电子与通信子系统两部分。水下平台通过多个测量传感器(营养盐、温度、盐度、浊度、叶绿素α、PH值等)获取海洋垂直剖面的环境数据。然后将采集的数据保存到大容量的SD卡和USB存储设备中。浮标电子与通信系统通过电磁耦合方式获得水下采集到的数据,通过A/D采样读取电池电压值,通过倾角传感器获取浮标姿态信息。水下采集到的数据存储后在预定时间通过铱星卫星发送给监控中心。整个监控系统工作周期为24小时。通信平台采用太阳能电池和蓄电池组合供电,这样提高了整个系统的可靠性。
浮标控制系统采用接口资源丰富的AT91SAM9260作为核心芯片,该芯片包括性能高达200 MIPS的ARM926EJ-S内核,1个SSC,4个USART,2个2线制的UARTs,多个自带的串口不需要外扩,降低了系统的整体功耗,自带4个10-bit的ADC,以满足多种剖面数据的采集、存储以及通信需求。同时选用Linux作为操作系统。软件设计上采用模块化设计,包括多串口数据采集模块、读写文件模块、运动状态控制模块、铱星卫星通信模块等,监测平台的上位机界面采用VB来编写。实验表明,浮标电子与通信系统功能完善,运行稳定,海洋环境数据能按时采集、准确的传送到监测中心,达到了设计要求。
With the development and mature of the satellite communications, satellite remote sensing, acoustic telemetry and data assimilation, Marine environment monitoring has entered the era of integrated monitoring from the space, coastal, surface and underwater monitoring. But we have no effective technology to get the continuous and real-time data of marine vertical profiler that include any water layer except ARGO buoy now. Based on the domestic and international advanced technique of Marine monitoring, a ocean wave energy fixed-pointed vertical profiler monitor system is presented and realized. The system can realize real-time and automatic collect the environment monitoring data of vertical profiler. In the acquisition and monitoring system, the control system is the core element.
The paper mainly is the design and implementation of the control subsystem. the overall design of electronic and communication system , hardware design of monitoring buoy ,set up ARM-Linux operating systems, software design and system commissioning are given.
Electronic and communication system design of the buoy is the subsystem of the ocean fixed-pointed vertical profiler monitor and control system. The monitoring system can be divided into two parts including water monitoring data acquisition subsystem and water Electronic and communication subsystem.The control subsystem can divide into monitoring data collection platform underwater and communication platform on water. Underwater platform uses multiple measuring sensor (nutritive salt, temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll, PH value, etc) to get marine environment data of vertical profiler. And then the data save to a large capacity SD card and USB device. Buoy electronic and communication system get the collection data from underwater platform by electromagnetic coupling communication. Utilizing A/D sampling read battery voltage and get the buoy stance information by Angle sensor. The data got stored and will send to monitoring center by iridium satellite at the scheduled time. The monitoring system works once for 24 hours.Communication platform using the solar battery and storage battery as power, that can improve reliability of the system.
Water platform uses AT91SAM9260 as core chip which has abundant port resources, in order to satisfy various profiler of the data collection, storage and communication needs. The AT91SAM9260 is based on the integration of an ARM926EJ-S processor which has one 4-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter, one SSC, four USART and two 2-wire UARTs. The chip has many serials that can reduce the system’s power. The chip uses Linux as operating system. The software design uses the modular design method,and divides into serial data acquisition module, reading and writing files module, motion control module, iridium satellite communication module,
The monitoring platform software is programmed in VB language. Experiments show that the functions of control subsystem perfectly, operate stably of the electronic and communication system. Marine environmental data acquisition can transmitted to monitor center accurately that meet the design requirements.
本文的主要工作是该系统中控制子系统的设计与实现。文章从电子与通信系统总体设计、海洋监控浮标硬件设计及ARM-Linux系统建立、软件设计、系统调试等几部分对浮标监测控制系统进行阐述。
浮标电子与通信系统设计是海洋波浪能定点垂直剖面监测控制系统的子系统。该监控系统可以分为水下监测数据采集子系统和水上浮标电子与通信子系统两部分。水下平台通过多个测量传感器(营养盐、温度、盐度、浊度、叶绿素α、PH值等)获取海洋垂直剖面的环境数据。然后将采集的数据保存到大容量的SD卡和USB存储设备中。浮标电子与通信系统通过电磁耦合方式获得水下采集到的数据,通过A/D采样读取电池电压值,通过倾角传感器获取浮标姿态信息。水下采集到的数据存储后在预定时间通过铱星卫星发送给监控中心。整个监控系统工作周期为24小时。通信平台采用太阳能电池和蓄电池组合供电,这样提高了整个系统的可靠性。
浮标控制系统采用接口资源丰富的AT91SAM9260作为核心芯片,该芯片包括性能高达200 MIPS的ARM926EJ-S内核,1个SSC,4个USART,2个2线制的UARTs,多个自带的串口不需要外扩,降低了系统的整体功耗,自带4个10-bit的ADC,以满足多种剖面数据的采集、存储以及通信需求。同时选用Linux作为操作系统。软件设计上采用模块化设计,包括多串口数据采集模块、读写文件模块、运动状态控制模块、铱星卫星通信模块等,监测平台的上位机界面采用VB来编写。实验表明,浮标电子与通信系统功能完善,运行稳定,海洋环境数据能按时采集、准确的传送到监测中心,达到了设计要求。
With the development and mature of the satellite communications, satellite remote sensing, acoustic telemetry and data assimilation, Marine environment monitoring has entered the era of integrated monitoring from the space, coastal, surface and underwater monitoring. But we have no effective technology to get the continuous and real-time data of marine vertical profiler that include any water layer except ARGO buoy now. Based on the domestic and international advanced technique of Marine monitoring, a ocean wave energy fixed-pointed vertical profiler monitor system is presented and realized. The system can realize real-time and automatic collect the environment monitoring data of vertical profiler. In the acquisition and monitoring system, the control system is the core element.
The paper mainly is the design and implementation of the control subsystem. the overall design of electronic and communication system , hardware design of monitoring buoy ,set up ARM-Linux operating systems, software design and system commissioning are given.
Electronic and communication system design of the buoy is the subsystem of the ocean fixed-pointed vertical profiler monitor and control system. The monitoring system can be divided into two parts including water monitoring data acquisition subsystem and water Electronic and communication subsystem.The control subsystem can divide into monitoring data collection platform underwater and communication platform on water. Underwater platform uses multiple measuring sensor (nutritive salt, temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll, PH value, etc) to get marine environment data of vertical profiler. And then the data save to a large capacity SD card and USB device. Buoy electronic and communication system get the collection data from underwater platform by electromagnetic coupling communication. Utilizing A/D sampling read battery voltage and get the buoy stance information by Angle sensor. The data got stored and will send to monitoring center by iridium satellite at the scheduled time. The monitoring system works once for 24 hours.Communication platform using the solar battery and storage battery as power, that can improve reliability of the system.
Water platform uses AT91SAM9260 as core chip which has abundant port resources, in order to satisfy various profiler of the data collection, storage and communication needs. The AT91SAM9260 is based on the integration of an ARM926EJ-S processor which has one 4-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter, one SSC, four USART and two 2-wire UARTs. The chip has many serials that can reduce the system’s power. The chip uses Linux as operating system. The software design uses the modular design method,and divides into serial data acquisition module, reading and writing files module, motion control module, iridium satellite communication module,
The monitoring platform software is programmed in VB language. Experiments show that the functions of control subsystem perfectly, operate stably of the electronic and communication system. Marine environmental data acquisition can transmitted to monitor center accurately that meet the design requirements.
引文
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[5] NAOTO IWASAKA, FUMIAKI KOBASHI, YOSUKE KINOSHITA. Seasonal variation of the upper ocean in the Western North Pacific observed by an Argo float [J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2006, (62) : 481; 492.
[6]杨胜龙,周芳,崔雪森,伍玉梅.Argo数据研究应用现状与发展趋势[J].海洋渔业.2007,29(4):355-359.
[7]张忠潮,齐丛飞.对我国海洋环境现状的思考.宏观经济.
[8]李扬.基于ARM和嵌入式Linux的志愿船自动测报仪的设计和开发[D].中国海洋大学研究生学位论文,2008.
[9]朱光文.海洋剖面探测浮标技术的发展[J].海气象水文海洋仪器.2004,2:1-6.
[10] http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/90177188.html?si=4
[11]张曙伟,王秀芬,齐勇.铱星数据通信在海洋资料浮标上的应用[J].山东科学.2006,19(5):16-19.
[12] EITARA O,LYNNE D, TOSH IIO S. Temporal variability of winter mixed layer in the mid-to- high latitude North Pacific [J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2007, (63) : 293 - 307.
[13] PARENT L, TESTUT C E. Comparative assimilation of Topex/Poseidon and ERS altimeter data and of TAO temperature data in the trop ical Pacific ocean during 1994 - 1998, and the mean sea-surface height issue[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2003, (40) : 381 - 401.
[14] Yan Changxiang,Zhu Jiang,Zhou Guangqing, Impacts of XBT, TAO, altimetry and ARGO observations on the tropical Pacific Ocean data assimilation[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2007,(24):383-398.
[15]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰编著.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南-基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:80-90.
[16]张治平,张秉豪.卫星通信技术在石油测井作业中的应用[J].2008.3:42-45.
[17] S.R. Smith , G.A. Jacobs. Seasonal circulation fields in the northern Gulf of Mexico calculated by assimilating current meter , shipboard ADCP and drifter data simultaneously with the shallow water equations[J] . Continental Shelf Research , 2005 , 25 :157 - 183.
[18] AT91SAM9260 Preliminary.
[19]郝菁.海洋要素垂直剖面测量系统控制电路研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2007.
[20]王金柱.基于ARM的步进电机均匀细分研究驱动[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学工学硕士学位论文,2008.
[21]张乃通,张中兆,李英涛.卫星移动通信系统[M] .第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003 :245 - 246.
[22]刘解华,杨东靓,邢她栋,摊其善,陈新齐.基于PC104工控机/GPS/铱星通信的海洋监测系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2005,13(11):1161-1163.
[23] Wolk F,Yamazaki H,Seuront L,Lueck R.A New Free-Fall Profiler for Measuring Bio-physical Microstructure[J]. Jounal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ,2002,19(5) :780-793.
[24]陈永华.波浪驱动式海洋要素剖面垂直测量系统关键技术[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文,2008.
[25] YAN C X, ZHU J, ZHOU GQ. Impacts of XBT, TAO, altimetry and ARGO observations on the trop ical Pacific Ocean data assimilation[J]. Advance in Atmosphericsciences, 2007, 24 (3) : 383 - 398.
[26]商红梅,张少永,沈高山.极区冰盖下定点剖面测量系统[J].海洋技术.2006,25(3):23-26.
[27]张喜验.FZF2_3型海洋资料浮标系统数据采集处理、控制及传输系统[J].海洋技术.1998,17(2):29-33.
[28]马闯.基于ARM的海洋环境探测机器人系统的设计与开发[D].中国海洋大学研究生学位论文.
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