四川盆地P-T天然气资源评价
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摘要
四川盆地是我国最大的产气盆地,开采利用天然气的历史非常悠久。早在两千多年前的战国时期就已经发现天然气。东汉末年,我国劳动人民在川西邛崃钻获了世界上第一口天然气井。西晋时期天然气就已经开始用于熬盐。据统计,2010年全年四川产气量超过190亿立方米。二叠系、三叠系地层是四川重要的产气层系,同时由于其良好的烃源条件,也是重要的产气层系。截止目前,四川盆地已经进行过多轮的油气资源评价工作。本文利用第三次资源评价的烃源岩厚度等值线图和有机质丰度等值线图等数据,使用盆地模拟软件Petromod对四川二叠系、三叠系的几套烃源岩层进行了生烃模拟和排烃模拟。模拟表明,从三叠纪早期246Ma一直到早第三纪158Ma是二叠系烃源岩生烃和排烃的重要时期,上三叠统烃源岩的生排烃期则主要从三叠纪末205Ma到早第三纪158Ma,烃源岩大量排烃和大量生烃的时间基本保持一致。二叠系烃源岩以川东、川北和川中生烃量较大,川东1887.63×10~8吨,川北1057.86×10~8吨,川中1663.44×10~8吨,上三叠统烃源岩以川西、川北和川中生烃量较大,川西982.46×10~8吨,川北498.5×10~8吨,川中372.31×10~8吨。川西、川北和川东地区烃源岩成熟排烃普遍较早,成熟度相对较高。
Sichuan is China's largest gas basin. It has a long exploration history of natural gas. As early as the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago, people had discovered natural gas. Eastern Han Dynasty, China's working people in Qionglai drilled the world's first natural gas well. Western Jin Dynasty has begun to boil salt by using natural gas. According to statistics, the year 2010 gas production in Sichuan over 19 billion cubic meters. Permian and Triassic strata gas production is an important department in Sichuan, and because of its good source rocks, they are also important gas generation strata. Up to now, the Sichuan Basin have been conducted many rounds of evaluation of oil and gas resources. This article draws part of the results of the third resource assessment, conduct simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of the Permian, Triassic source rocks in the Sichuan Basin by using simulation software. Simulation results show that, from the early Triassic period until the Early Tertiary is an important peroid of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Permian source rocks, the Upper Triassic source rocks are mainly from the expulsion of the late Triassic to early Tertiary. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion has remained consistent. Permian source rocks in eastern Sichuan, northern Sichuan, and central Sichuan generated the larger amount of hydrocarbon, 1887.63×10~8 ton in eastern, 1057.86×10~8 ton in northern and 1663.44×10~8 ton in central. Upper Triassic source rocks in western Sichuan, northern Sichuan, and central Sichuan generated the larger amount of hydrocarbon, 982.46×10~8 ton in western, 498.5×10~8 ton in northern and 372.31×10~8 ton in central. Source rocks in Western Sichuan, northern Sichuan and eastern Sichuan matured earlier, had high maturity.
Sichuan is China's largest gas basin. It has a long exploration history of natural gas. As early as the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago, people had discovered natural gas. Eastern Han Dynasty, China's working people in Qionglai drilled the world's first natural gas well. Western Jin Dynasty has begun to boil salt by using natural gas. According to statistics, the year 2010 gas production in Sichuan over 19 billion cubic meters. Permian and Triassic strata gas production is an important department in Sichuan, and because of its good source rocks, they are also important gas generation strata. Up to now, the Sichuan Basin have been conducted many rounds of evaluation of oil and gas resources. This article draws part of the results of the third resource assessment, conduct simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of the Permian, Triassic source rocks in the Sichuan Basin by using simulation software. Simulation results show that, from the early Triassic period until the Early Tertiary is an important peroid of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the Permian source rocks, the Upper Triassic source rocks are mainly from the expulsion of the late Triassic to early Tertiary. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion has remained consistent. Permian source rocks in eastern Sichuan, northern Sichuan, and central Sichuan generated the larger amount of hydrocarbon, 1887.63×10~8 ton in eastern, 1057.86×10~8 ton in northern and 1663.44×10~8 ton in central. Upper Triassic source rocks in western Sichuan, northern Sichuan, and central Sichuan generated the larger amount of hydrocarbon, 982.46×10~8 ton in western, 498.5×10~8 ton in northern and 372.31×10~8 ton in central. Source rocks in Western Sichuan, northern Sichuan and eastern Sichuan matured earlier, had high maturity.
引文
[1]翟光明.中国石油地质志(卷十)——四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989,1-150.
[2]黄籍中.四川盆地页岩气与煤层气勘探前景分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):116-120.
[3]强子同,文应初,唐杰等.四川及邻区晚二叠世沉积作用及沉积盆地的发展[J].沉积学报,1990,8(1):79-89.
[4]王一刚,文应出,洪海涛等.四川盆地开江—梁平海槽内发现大隆组[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.
[5]陈宗清.四川盆地长兴组生物礁气藏及天然气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):148-163.
[6]杨毅,张本健,蒋德生等.四川盆地西南部上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩成藏模式初探[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):46-49.
[7]田雨,张兴阳,何幼斌等.四川盆地晚二叠世吴家坪期岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2010,12(2):164-176.
[8]黄籍中,张子枢.四川盆地阳新统天然气的成因[J].石油勘探与开发,1982,9(1):12-25.
[9]程耀黄,陈盛吉.四川盆地气源与勘探[J].天然气工业,1982,2(1):27-34.
[10]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.
[11]陈宗清.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):325-334.
[12]梁大川,崔茂荣,黄进军.川东地区二迭系梁山组地层井壁不稳定机理及对策[J].钻采工艺,2001,24(1):16-18.
[13]陈宗清.论四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组天然气勘探[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):12-18,26.
[14]陈宗清.论四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组三—四段天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2008,13(6):1-11.
[15]范菊芬.川西坳陷雷口坡组气藏勘探远景区预测[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):417-424.
[16]郭秋麟,米石云,石广仁等.盆地模拟原理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,3-109.
[17] Barker C E, Pawlewicz M J. The correlation of vitrinite reflectance with maximum temperature in humic organic matter[J]. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 1986, 5:79-93.
[18] Waples D W. Time and temperature in petroleum formation; application of Lopatin's method to petroleum exploration [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 64(6):916-926.
[19] Sweeney J J, Burnham A K. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1990, 74(10):1559-1570.
[20]武守诚.油气资源评价导论——从“数字地球”到“数字油藏”(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005,251-289.
[21] Maier C G, Zimmerley S R. Chemical dynamics of the transformation of the orgnanicmatter to bitumen in oil shale[J]. Utah Univ. Res. Invest. Bull., 1924, 14(7):62-81.
[22] Allred V D. Shale oil developments: kinetics of oil shale pyrolysis [J]. Chem. Eng. Prog., 1966, 62(8):50-60.
[23] Tissot B. P., Espitalie J. Thermal evolution of organic materials in sediments; application of a mathematical simulation; petroleum potential of sedimentary basins and reconstructing the thermal history of sediments. Revue de I’institut Francais du Petrole et Annales des Combustibles Liquides., 1975, 30 (5):743-777.
[24] Tissot B. P., Welte D. H. Petroleum formation and occurrence. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg. New York. 1978, 1-100.
[25]王涵云,杨天宇.原油热解成气模拟实验[J].天然气工业, 1982, 2(3): 25-32.
[26] Landais P, Michels R, Elie M. Are time and temperature the only constraints to the simulation of organic matter maturation[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1994, 22(3-5):617-630.
[27] SajgóCs, McEvoy J., Wolff G.A., et al. Influence of temperature and pressure on maturation processes—I. Preliminary report[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 10(1-3):331-337.
[28] Schenk H. J., Di Primio R., Horsfield B.. The conversion of oil into gas in petroleum reservoirs. Part 1:Comparative kinetic investigation of gas generation from crude oils of lacustrine, marine and fluviodeltaic origin by programmed-temperature closed-system pyrolysis[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997,26(7-8):467-481.
[29]薛海涛.碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价标准研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2003, 6-18.
[30]谢鸣谦.地热流对石油形成的控制作用[J].石油学报,1981,2(1):41-47.
[31]卢庆治,胡圣标,郭彤楼等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116.
[32]杨怀辉,李忠慧.从古热流值和剥蚀量的研究来判断地热的发育——以四川盆地川合100井为例[J].四川地质学报,2004,24(3):180-185.
[33]王一刚,余晓峰,杨雨.流体包裹体在建立四川盆地古地温剖面研究中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1998,23(3):285-288.
[34]姜本鸿,韩庆之.川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景及温泉形成模式探讨——以四川彭水长溪坝址区温泉为例[J].现代地质,1993,7(4):485-494.
[35]郭秋麟,倪丙荣.利用化石群分异度探讨古水深[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(2):1-7.
[36]邹欣庆,葛晨东.海岸水体中颗石在古水深定量研究中的运用——以黄海辐射沙洲海区为例[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):263-266.
[37]王学军,王志欣,刘显阳等.利用铀的测井响应恢复鄂尔多斯盆地古水深[J].天然气工业,2008,28(7):46-48.
[38]董刚,何幼斌.根据地层厚度恢复古水深的研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2010,7(3):484-486.
[39]庞雄奇,陈章明,陈发景.含油气盆地地史、热史、生留排烃史数值模拟研究与烃源岩定量评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,10-85.
[40]庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,15-133.
[41]庞雄奇,Ian L.,王雅春等.煤系源岩排烃门限理论研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[42]庞雄奇,李素梅,金之钧等.排烃门限存在的地质地球化学证据及其应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2004,29(4):384-390.
[2]黄籍中.四川盆地页岩气与煤层气勘探前景分析[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(2):116-120.
[3]强子同,文应初,唐杰等.四川及邻区晚二叠世沉积作用及沉积盆地的发展[J].沉积学报,1990,8(1):79-89.
[4]王一刚,文应出,洪海涛等.四川盆地开江—梁平海槽内发现大隆组[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.
[5]陈宗清.四川盆地长兴组生物礁气藏及天然气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):148-163.
[6]杨毅,张本健,蒋德生等.四川盆地西南部上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩成藏模式初探[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):46-49.
[7]田雨,张兴阳,何幼斌等.四川盆地晚二叠世吴家坪期岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2010,12(2):164-176.
[8]黄籍中,张子枢.四川盆地阳新统天然气的成因[J].石油勘探与开发,1982,9(1):12-25.
[9]程耀黄,陈盛吉.四川盆地气源与勘探[J].天然气工业,1982,2(1):27-34.
[10]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11.
[11]陈宗清.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(3):325-334.
[12]梁大川,崔茂荣,黄进军.川东地区二迭系梁山组地层井壁不稳定机理及对策[J].钻采工艺,2001,24(1):16-18.
[13]陈宗清.论四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组天然气勘探[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):12-18,26.
[14]陈宗清.论四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组三—四段天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2008,13(6):1-11.
[15]范菊芬.川西坳陷雷口坡组气藏勘探远景区预测[J].石油物探,2009,48(4):417-424.
[16]郭秋麟,米石云,石广仁等.盆地模拟原理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,3-109.
[17] Barker C E, Pawlewicz M J. The correlation of vitrinite reflectance with maximum temperature in humic organic matter[J]. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 1986, 5:79-93.
[18] Waples D W. Time and temperature in petroleum formation; application of Lopatin's method to petroleum exploration [J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 64(6):916-926.
[19] Sweeney J J, Burnham A K. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1990, 74(10):1559-1570.
[20]武守诚.油气资源评价导论——从“数字地球”到“数字油藏”(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005,251-289.
[21] Maier C G, Zimmerley S R. Chemical dynamics of the transformation of the orgnanicmatter to bitumen in oil shale[J]. Utah Univ. Res. Invest. Bull., 1924, 14(7):62-81.
[22] Allred V D. Shale oil developments: kinetics of oil shale pyrolysis [J]. Chem. Eng. Prog., 1966, 62(8):50-60.
[23] Tissot B. P., Espitalie J. Thermal evolution of organic materials in sediments; application of a mathematical simulation; petroleum potential of sedimentary basins and reconstructing the thermal history of sediments. Revue de I’institut Francais du Petrole et Annales des Combustibles Liquides., 1975, 30 (5):743-777.
[24] Tissot B. P., Welte D. H. Petroleum formation and occurrence. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg. New York. 1978, 1-100.
[25]王涵云,杨天宇.原油热解成气模拟实验[J].天然气工业, 1982, 2(3): 25-32.
[26] Landais P, Michels R, Elie M. Are time and temperature the only constraints to the simulation of organic matter maturation[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1994, 22(3-5):617-630.
[27] SajgóCs, McEvoy J., Wolff G.A., et al. Influence of temperature and pressure on maturation processes—I. Preliminary report[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 10(1-3):331-337.
[28] Schenk H. J., Di Primio R., Horsfield B.. The conversion of oil into gas in petroleum reservoirs. Part 1:Comparative kinetic investigation of gas generation from crude oils of lacustrine, marine and fluviodeltaic origin by programmed-temperature closed-system pyrolysis[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1997,26(7-8):467-481.
[29]薛海涛.碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价标准研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2003, 6-18.
[30]谢鸣谦.地热流对石油形成的控制作用[J].石油学报,1981,2(1):41-47.
[31]卢庆治,胡圣标,郭彤楼等.川东北地区异常高压形成的地温场背景[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1110-1116.
[32]杨怀辉,李忠慧.从古热流值和剥蚀量的研究来判断地热的发育——以四川盆地川合100井为例[J].四川地质学报,2004,24(3):180-185.
[33]王一刚,余晓峰,杨雨.流体包裹体在建立四川盆地古地温剖面研究中的应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1998,23(3):285-288.
[34]姜本鸿,韩庆之.川东南地区地温场形成的地质背景及温泉形成模式探讨——以四川彭水长溪坝址区温泉为例[J].现代地质,1993,7(4):485-494.
[35]郭秋麟,倪丙荣.利用化石群分异度探讨古水深[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1990,14(2):1-7.
[36]邹欣庆,葛晨东.海岸水体中颗石在古水深定量研究中的运用——以黄海辐射沙洲海区为例[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):263-266.
[37]王学军,王志欣,刘显阳等.利用铀的测井响应恢复鄂尔多斯盆地古水深[J].天然气工业,2008,28(7):46-48.
[38]董刚,何幼斌.根据地层厚度恢复古水深的研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2010,7(3):484-486.
[39]庞雄奇,陈章明,陈发景.含油气盆地地史、热史、生留排烃史数值模拟研究与烃源岩定量评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,10-85.
[40]庞雄奇.排烃门限控油气理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,15-133.
[41]庞雄奇,Ian L.,王雅春等.煤系源岩排烃门限理论研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[42]庞雄奇,李素梅,金之钧等.排烃门限存在的地质地球化学证据及其应用[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2004,29(4):384-390.