岭南伤寒文献收集及医家学术思想探讨（清至近代）
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摘要
研究目的
伤寒研究一直是中医理论领域研究的热门之一,历代有成就的医家无不出入于仲景之门,故岭南医家对《伤寒论》的研究水平也可以从一个重要的侧面反映岭南地区医学理论研究水平,从这点上看,系统的研究岭南伤寒是很有必要的。
另当代学者将膺服于《伤寒论》,对仲景理论有专门研究或发挥的医家,称为伤寒医家,对伤寒医家研治《伤寒论》所形成的特殊学术领域称为伤寒学。当前对伤寒学的研究相对成熟,已形成公认的学术发展史、公认的明清伤寒三派分属、公认的伤寒重点医家学术观点及《伤寒论》注释方式体系。成功的学术研究方法、方式均可借用来研究岭南伤寒,从这点上看,梳理岭南伤寒发展史及医家学术思想,具备可靠的研究技术支持。
清代至民国是岭南医家研究《伤寒论》成果显著,著作频出,理论丰沛,实践形成规模的时期,是研究岭南伤寒学术不能避开的重要时期。然而从学术史总体上看,目前关于此段的伤寒研究略显零碎,资料健全的医家重复研究,资料难掌握的医家少人问津,挖掘力度不够,缺乏对此段时期学术发展的全貌进行整体研究。本研究将清至近代岭南伤寒作为整体,立足于岭南伤寒文献,以时间为主轴,从学术发展纵向的角度,探索岭南伤寒学术的缘起与发展脉络；以主体医家医著为纲目,领会医家如何创造性地运用仲景理论解决岭南地区防病治病养生保健过程中的新问题,并总结在此过程中衍化出的新理论、新成就；同时,在收集到的资料允许的范围内,注意岭南伤寒与岭外伤寒的联系,如岭外伤寒学风对岭南的影响、五岭内外医家间学说的相互借鉴,注重深层学科问题的挖掘,加强区域视角与全局的交互渗透研究,提炼岭南区域发展的规律,为今天的临床提供借鉴。研究方法
1、文献研究法：包括文献的查找,资料的收集、鉴别、整理、汇编等。
文献研究法是基础工作开展时使用的主要方法,包括资料调研收集,资料归类汇编。岭南伤寒文献大部分存在于广东省立中山图书馆地方文献馆、广州中医药大学图书馆两家单位,借助此两家单位的网络书目查询平台,进行资料查找。另按照传统医史文献研究惯例,重视原创一手资料的发掘、收集,整理,利用两馆藏书便利,阅读原著、摘抄、扫描、复印、拍照等方式,保存有用文献,保证一手资料。将收集到的资料,借助计算机技术进行资料存储,按照时间、医家等两种次序存放,形成以文字为表现形式的word文档、以图片为形式的图像资料,以数据为形式的excel表格文件,完成论文写作前的资料收集及分类汇编,为下一步的工作提供写作素材。
2、理论评述法：是采用归类分析、归纳演绎、传统阐释、相关对比等方法,以《中国中医基础医学杂志》《中华医史杂志》《中医文献杂志》关于理论凝练研究方法为行业标杆,按照其行文规范的要求,对岭南伤寒医家学术思想进行凝练。这是本论文采用的主要方法(详见文中二、三、四章)。从医史文献研究及临床研究的角度,将收集到的资料,按一定的规律分类,归纳提炼相关学术观点,将部分现象与情况相近的对照物进行对比,在事实写作的基础上附加一定的观点评述,发掘岭南医家研究伤寒的共性和个性,探讨岭南伤寒发展情况并揭示其内涵的文献及临床价值。
3、统计分析法：此部分的研究对象是医家医案,共134例(具体见第三章)采用excel对数据进行管理,按照医案名称、病证名称、病因、主方、副方、主方出处、主要症候、兼夹证候、药物九项内容录入资料。另使用SPSS13.0统计软件对医案信息做一定的统计分析,具体统计方法如下。
①频数统计：频数分析是对于一组数据,考察不同的数值出现的频数,可以了解数据的分布状况。本研究主要关注的频数包括病名、证型、主方、副方、方剂出处五方面的内容,通过这五者可以看出医家治疗的病种、方剂的使用、使用《伤寒论》方剂的频率等情况,可以从大方面把握医案反应的证治的主体趋势。
②相关分析：相关分析是研究事物之间的依存关系,并对具体有依存关系的事物探讨其相关方向以及相关程度,是研究随机变量之间的相关关系的一种统计方法。本研究主要寻找方剂与症状之间的相关关系,探讨其相关的程度及效度,从而探析医家对《伤寒论》方剂的辨证证候把握。
③因子分析：因子分析是指研究从变量群中提取共性因子的统计技术。主要目的是用来描述隐藏在一组测量到的变量中的一些更基本的,但又无法直接测量到的隐性变量。本研究主要使用主成分法,以症状为主要考察对象,挖掘方剂使用的证候群族性。
研究结果
论文分四章。第一章为岭南伤寒文献的发掘整理,首先规定文献收集的范围及收集的标准,其次将收集到的文献,按照文献的出版类型分为著作(包括伤寒讲义)、期刊论文两类,分别介绍其文献存目及版本情况：著作47种,现存全本14种,残本5种,载而未见纸质资料的29种；论文39篇。
第二至第四章是本文主体部分,是将收集到的文献,按照时间先后,结合岭南伤寒医学发展特点分为清代、清末民初、民国三段,分属于第二至第四章,此三章的写作体例相近,均分为三个方面,首先是该时段研究背景介绍,其次是主体医家学术思想阐释,最后是该时段伤寒研究特点分析。但第三章与其余两章略有不同的地方是除保有前后两章相同的内容外,根据该时段伤寒医家有医案存世的特点,将医家医案收集,采用统计分析的方法作一定的研究。
第二章是清代岭南伤寒研究起步。首先背景是伤寒学研究的完善成就岭南伤寒的高起步,从简述清代及之前伤寒发展状况、岭外伤寒派医家著作在粤省的刊行情况、从伤寒著作类型相识性看岭外伤寒对岭南伤寒的影响三方面展开。其次医家学术思想阐释(以岭南伤寒实践为重),有何梦瑶兼收并蓄借鉴《伤寒例》解读岭南地方热病温病；郭元峰为东南方外感病正名,以清解为岭南伤寒治法；陈焕堂破岭南伤寒流弊,订立麻桂青龙之岭南用法；麦乃求司法柯韵伯,为岭南辨证论治派医家。最后总结清代岭南伤寒特点为①受明清伤寒三派格局影响但不全相同；②辨析岭南伤寒概念,将伤寒理法本土化。
第三章是清末民初岭南伤寒之兴盛。首先背景是由虚走实的学风是岭南伤寒发展的契机,从经方医学的复兴、注重实际理论问题的探讨两方面展开。其次医家学术思想阐释：陈伯坛四大金刚之首,运用气化阴阳等理论研究《伤寒论》；易巨荪经方实践家,尚有仲景理法抢救危急重症；黎庇留尊崇先圣,辩证前贤,岭南错简重订派医家代表；谭星缘与易黎交好,探讨医理,切磋技艺,未有著作传世。最后总结清民初岭南伤寒特点：①四大金刚躬亲实践,尽显经方魅力；②尊奉常法研究《伤寒论》,发扬经典精华。另外收集陈、易、黎三家医案,运用统计分析与理论评述相结合的方法,对134例医案进行分析,得出岭南经方医家运用伤寒理法诊治常见病、多发病,且方证、病机合参是应用经方的技巧。
第四章是民国岭南伤寒之再发展,背景为伤寒系统研究加速岭南伤寒学科化进程,从中西汇通更加明显、《伤寒论》学校教育的开始、期刊是《伤寒论》研究者学术交流的园地三方面进行。医家学术思想阐释,可以看出此时期医家研究伤寒的方法有中西汇通研究法,代表医家卢觉愚、邓伯游、伍律宁等；中医原义解读法,代表医家冯瑞鎏、赵雄驹等；类编研究法,代表医家陈庆保、许振庆等；期刊论文形式,代表医家陈芝高、黄天士等。此时期伤寒特点是：①岭南伤寒中西医汇通研究思潮涌动；②岭南伤寒类教材编写促使伤寒研究系统化、科学化；③期刊是伤寒研究者交流的稳定平台。
研究结论
岭南伤寒研究从时间上看,理论日趋完善。岭南经方流派肇始于清代,兴盛于清末民初,延续于民国。在三百年时间长河里,共涌现医家三十余位,产生创新性理论颇多,学科体系日趋完善,成为南中国实践仲景理论的分支。岭南伤寒与岭外伤寒发展同步。民国之前,岭南伤寒受岭外伤寒影响为主,外部学风在岭南医家研究中多有投射,如明清伤寒三派、经方研究思潮等；民国时期,岭南一跃成为全国伤寒研究活跃的中心之一,且实效显著。
建国前岭南伤寒学术,饱含清至近代三百年时间长河里医家伤寒理论研究成果,也饱含了岭南医家运用伤寒理论解决岭南地区实际医疗卫生问题的伟大实践成果,内容丰富宏阔。论文在掌握资料的时间跨度、检索文献的标目细度上努力探讨,条分缕析,凝练相关学术观点,力图给学界关于岭南伤寒在文献书目、主体医家学术思想、发展阶段及特点方面一个相对清晰的认识。冀望此研究亦能作为一个桥梁,从一个具体例子的角度去展现岭南医学与岭外医学在历史发展中的沟通与联系,为岭南医学区域研究拓展新的视角。
Purpose:
Shanghan Research is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine theoretical Study. Well-known physician in history are learned Zhongjing. Therefore, the level of Lingnan Doctors researchShanghanlun can also be a significant reflection from the Lingnan region of the level of medical theory. From this point of view, systematic research of Lingnan typhoid Shanghan is necessary.
Shanghan Doctors is a peason who studying Shanghanlun and has played a unique theory. Doctors researched the Shanghanlun and formed a special academic field known as Shanghan school. The current study of Shanghan is relatively mature, Has become a recognized history of academic development, a recognized of three factions belong to the Ming and Qing Shnghan, Key physicians recognized academic point of view, and Recognized Notes System. Successful academic research methods can be borrowed to study the way South Shanghan. From this point of view, sort out the history of typhoid and Lingnan Doctors academic thinking, and technical support with reliable research.
Qing Dynasty to the Republic is a period of remarkable achievements of Lingnan Shanghan, so it is an important period for the study of academic Lingnan Shanghan. However, on the whole Academic History, current research on this section of typhoid slightly fragmented, duplication of data and improve doctor and little information on the physicians rarely been studied, inadequate mining. Therefore, the lack of academic development during the period of an overall picture. In this study, the Qing to the Republic of South Shanghan was study as a whole, based on South Shanghan literature. From academic development, explore its due and development of the veins. The doctor works in the main targets, see the doctor to find creative use of the theory to solve it is the area of prevention of health care in the course of new problems, and summarize in the process of a new theory, the new achievements. At the same time, the data collected to the extent that it, Shanghan in connection with the outside of, such as Shanghan theory of its external influence, and the theory of the mutual learning between, deep in the excavation and strengthen regional and global perspective of infiltration and refine its regional development law and provide for today's clinical experience.
Method:
1, Documents:include information lookups, collection, identification, editing, etc. Literature is fundamental work carried out in the main method of study, including data collection and collation of data collection. Of its existence of the guangdong provincial the local literature, and guangzhou university of chinese medicine library two units, the two units of the network for bibliographical data platform, a search query. Other documents in accordance with traditional medicine research on customary terms, attention to the original data, all for collecting, processing, the use of the two pieces that are deaccessioned book, reading the book, extract and scanning, photocopy, taking pictures, etc, are preserved in literature, ensure that all information. Will collect information of computer technologies, information stored in time, the doctor and two kinds of order, which are stored in the form of the document, using pictures to upload photos at the moment for the form of an image to a form of an excel spreadsheet data files, and finish the papers before writing the information collection and classification of assembly, for the next steps to provide material for writing.
2, Theoretical analysis:classified as analysis, interpretation, traditional, relevant talks, contrast, etc. To the chinese traditional chinese medicine based on studies of the chinese medicine magazine the chinese literature magazine about theoretical study methods for industry sets the pole, its writing according to the requirements of academic thought about it. the doctor in sets. From medicine research and clinical research, the data collected by the law, under an academic classification are related, some phenomena and the situation of contrast, in contrast to make the writing on the basis of the additional comments on the point of view, it studies of the universal and has individuality, Shanghan and revealed its developments in the literature and clinical.
3, Statistical analysis:This part of the study is medicine cases,134 example.Use excel in the data management, in accordance with the case, the name and causes disease card, main, deputy party, the main source of the parties, the main symptoms, and caught them on the waiting list and medication the transcription of data items. Other use spss13.0 statistics on cases information software to do some statistical analysis and statistical methods below. Specific.
Frequency statistical analysis is a frequent number for a set of data, the values of the frequency, can see data distribution of the situation. this research mainly concern included frequency of illness, a certificate, primary and secondary prescription prescription, prescription source of the five aspects of the content of the five can see the doctor to treat the diseases of species, prescription use, using the "prescription Shanghanlun the fact from a sure card in case of the main trend.
Related analytical:analysis is the relationship between research objects, and there are things to explore the relationship between the relevant direction, and that is the random variable from the relationship between a statistical method. this research mainly for prescription with symptoms of the relationship between the relevant, the extent and efficient, and the doctor told the breakdown of the two sides to every certificate Shanghanlun prescription for sure.
Factor analysis:factor analysis refers to studies of the variable factor is the universal estimation of technology. the main purpose is used to describe the measures to hidden in a group of the variables in the more fundamental, but cannot measure directly to the recessive variable. this research mainly uses primary elements, with symptoms of the object and digging up a prescription for the certificate of the clan.
Results:
Paper into four chapters. the first chapter of documents for it speeded up, first of all provisions of the documents collection of scope and collection of standards, and secondly, will be collected and published in accordance with the types of divided into writings include lectures, journal articles two categories, namely, the present document is a catalogue and the version information:work of the 47, the version 5 14, ragged, and no information is rendered 29; article 39 of the thesis.
The second to the fourth chapter is the main part of the literature is collected, according to chronological, with the development of Lingnan characteristics of typhoid medicine into the Qing Dynasty, the early Republic the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of three sections, which belong to the second to fourth chapter, the writing style is similar to the three chapters are divided into three areas, first session of the background, followed by the interpretation of the main medical academic thinking, and finally the characteristics of the study period of typhoid fever. But the third chapter with the rest of the chapters is slightly different places is in addition to keep around two chapters of the same content, according to the time of typhoid doctors have medical records survive in the world of the characteristics of the physician medical record collection, using statistical analysis methods for certain research
Chapter II of the Qing Dynasty started Lingnan typhoid. First, the study of the background is the perfect success of typhoid typhoid Lingnan high starting from the brief before the Qing Dynasty and the development of typhoid fever, typhoid Ridge outside doctors to send the issue by the writings of the situation in Guangdong Province, met resistance from the typhoid type of work to see outside of typhoid on the South Ridge Three aspects of typhoid fever. Second, interpretation of academic thinking physicians (practice Lingnan typhoid weight), with He Mengyao eclectic refer to the "typhoid fever cases," Interpretation of the Lingnan local fever febrile disease; Guo Yuanfeng to name the south-east of exogenous disease, the clear solution for the South typhoid therapies; Chen Huan-tang break Lingnan typhoid abuse, Ma Gui Qinglong the South to make use of; Mai Ke Yunbo are seeking justice for the diagnosis and treatment of Lingnan School physicians. South typhoid concluded Qing Ming typhoid fever is characterized by the three factions①influence but not all the same pattern;②Analysis of the concept of the Lingnan typhoid fever, typhoid hair cut will be localized.
The third chapter is the Late Qing Dynasty prosperous South typhoid fever. First, the background is a virtual walking real typhoid Lingnan style of study development opportunities, from medical rehabilitation by the parties, focusing on both the actual theoretical aspects of the problem. Second, ideological interpretation of academic physicians:the first four King Uncle Tan, the use of the theories of yin and yang of gasification "Treatise on"; easy to practice at home giant Sun by side, Shangyou Zhong Jing Li-fa, severe emergency rescue; Lebanon respected sage Tiberius dialectical worthies, Lingnan wrong simply re-sent on behalf of physicians; Tan Li Xing Yuan and easy to befriend, of medical knowledge, discuss techniques, handed down not work. Qing Qing concluded typhoid Lingnan characteristics:①Four Diamond attend to personally practice a full appeal by the parties;②Study often enshrined in "Treatise on the" carry forward the essence of the classic. We also collected Chen, Yi, Li three medical case, the use of statistical analysis and review the method of combining theory, medical records of 134 patients were analyzed and the use of Lingnan Doctors by side Li-fa, diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever common disease, and the party card, The combination of the pathogenesis is the application of skills by the parties.
The fourth chapter is the further development of the Republic of South typhoid fever, typhoid fever background system discipline to accelerate the process of typhoid South, from West Huitong more obvious, "Treatise on the" start of school education, journals is "Treatise on the" academic exchanges researchers Corner three aspects. Doctors academic thinking interpretation, we can see that this period of Doctors of typhoid methods are Western Remittance Study, on behalf of physicians Lu Jue Yu, Deng Bo Yu, Wu legal Ning, etc.; Chinese literal interpretation of law, on behalf of physicians Soi Kun Liu, Zhao male horse, etc.; class code of law, on behalf of Doctors Paul Chen Qing, Xu Zhenqing, etc.; the form of journal articles, on behalf of physicians with high Chi Chen, Huang Tianshi and so on. Typhoid fever is characterized this period:①South Remittance of typhoid fever in Western thought flowing;②South typhoid typhoid type of learning and teaching materials to promote systematic and scientific;③journals typhoid stable platform for the exchange of researchers.
Conclusion:
Studies of Lingnan typhoid fever from the time point of view, theories are maturing. Lingnan school began in the Qing Dynasty by the parties, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, continued in the Republic of China. In the long history of three hundred years, a total of three dozen doctors have emerged, resulting in a lot of innovation theory, the subject system is being completed as the Southern branch of the Chinese practice of Zhongjing theory. Typhoid fever and typhoid fever outside the South Ridge Development synchronization. Before the Republic of China, Lingnan typhoid typhoid affected by the ridge outside the main style of study outside the study physicians in the South more than a projection, such as the Ming and Qing typhoid three groups, by the side of thought, etc.; Republic of China, Lingnan became active in the National Research Center for typhoid one, and the effectiveness significantly. Typhoid fever before the founding of the Lingnan academic, full of three hundred years the Qing Dynasty to the long history of modern physicians typhoid theoretical research, but also full of doctors use Lingnan Lingnan region of typhoid theory to solve the great problem of the actual practice of health outcomes, content-rich Broad. Papers in the master data of the time span, searching literatures heading fineness efforts to explore, Tiaofenlvxi, concise relevant academic point of view, trying to scholars on the South typhoid fever in the bibliography, the main physicians academic thought, the development stage and features aspects of a relatively clear understanding. We hope that this study also as a bridge, from the perspective of a specific example to show outside the South Ridge Medical and Medicine in the historical development of communication and contact the Regional Medical Research and Development for the South a new perspective.
伤寒研究一直是中医理论领域研究的热门之一,历代有成就的医家无不出入于仲景之门,故岭南医家对《伤寒论》的研究水平也可以从一个重要的侧面反映岭南地区医学理论研究水平,从这点上看,系统的研究岭南伤寒是很有必要的。
另当代学者将膺服于《伤寒论》,对仲景理论有专门研究或发挥的医家,称为伤寒医家,对伤寒医家研治《伤寒论》所形成的特殊学术领域称为伤寒学。当前对伤寒学的研究相对成熟,已形成公认的学术发展史、公认的明清伤寒三派分属、公认的伤寒重点医家学术观点及《伤寒论》注释方式体系。成功的学术研究方法、方式均可借用来研究岭南伤寒,从这点上看,梳理岭南伤寒发展史及医家学术思想,具备可靠的研究技术支持。
清代至民国是岭南医家研究《伤寒论》成果显著,著作频出,理论丰沛,实践形成规模的时期,是研究岭南伤寒学术不能避开的重要时期。然而从学术史总体上看,目前关于此段的伤寒研究略显零碎,资料健全的医家重复研究,资料难掌握的医家少人问津,挖掘力度不够,缺乏对此段时期学术发展的全貌进行整体研究。本研究将清至近代岭南伤寒作为整体,立足于岭南伤寒文献,以时间为主轴,从学术发展纵向的角度,探索岭南伤寒学术的缘起与发展脉络；以主体医家医著为纲目,领会医家如何创造性地运用仲景理论解决岭南地区防病治病养生保健过程中的新问题,并总结在此过程中衍化出的新理论、新成就；同时,在收集到的资料允许的范围内,注意岭南伤寒与岭外伤寒的联系,如岭外伤寒学风对岭南的影响、五岭内外医家间学说的相互借鉴,注重深层学科问题的挖掘,加强区域视角与全局的交互渗透研究,提炼岭南区域发展的规律,为今天的临床提供借鉴。研究方法
1、文献研究法：包括文献的查找,资料的收集、鉴别、整理、汇编等。
文献研究法是基础工作开展时使用的主要方法,包括资料调研收集,资料归类汇编。岭南伤寒文献大部分存在于广东省立中山图书馆地方文献馆、广州中医药大学图书馆两家单位,借助此两家单位的网络书目查询平台,进行资料查找。另按照传统医史文献研究惯例,重视原创一手资料的发掘、收集,整理,利用两馆藏书便利,阅读原著、摘抄、扫描、复印、拍照等方式,保存有用文献,保证一手资料。将收集到的资料,借助计算机技术进行资料存储,按照时间、医家等两种次序存放,形成以文字为表现形式的word文档、以图片为形式的图像资料,以数据为形式的excel表格文件,完成论文写作前的资料收集及分类汇编,为下一步的工作提供写作素材。
2、理论评述法：是采用归类分析、归纳演绎、传统阐释、相关对比等方法,以《中国中医基础医学杂志》《中华医史杂志》《中医文献杂志》关于理论凝练研究方法为行业标杆,按照其行文规范的要求,对岭南伤寒医家学术思想进行凝练。这是本论文采用的主要方法(详见文中二、三、四章)。从医史文献研究及临床研究的角度,将收集到的资料,按一定的规律分类,归纳提炼相关学术观点,将部分现象与情况相近的对照物进行对比,在事实写作的基础上附加一定的观点评述,发掘岭南医家研究伤寒的共性和个性,探讨岭南伤寒发展情况并揭示其内涵的文献及临床价值。
3、统计分析法：此部分的研究对象是医家医案,共134例(具体见第三章)采用excel对数据进行管理,按照医案名称、病证名称、病因、主方、副方、主方出处、主要症候、兼夹证候、药物九项内容录入资料。另使用SPSS13.0统计软件对医案信息做一定的统计分析,具体统计方法如下。
①频数统计：频数分析是对于一组数据,考察不同的数值出现的频数,可以了解数据的分布状况。本研究主要关注的频数包括病名、证型、主方、副方、方剂出处五方面的内容,通过这五者可以看出医家治疗的病种、方剂的使用、使用《伤寒论》方剂的频率等情况,可以从大方面把握医案反应的证治的主体趋势。
②相关分析：相关分析是研究事物之间的依存关系,并对具体有依存关系的事物探讨其相关方向以及相关程度,是研究随机变量之间的相关关系的一种统计方法。本研究主要寻找方剂与症状之间的相关关系,探讨其相关的程度及效度,从而探析医家对《伤寒论》方剂的辨证证候把握。
③因子分析：因子分析是指研究从变量群中提取共性因子的统计技术。主要目的是用来描述隐藏在一组测量到的变量中的一些更基本的,但又无法直接测量到的隐性变量。本研究主要使用主成分法,以症状为主要考察对象,挖掘方剂使用的证候群族性。
研究结果
论文分四章。第一章为岭南伤寒文献的发掘整理,首先规定文献收集的范围及收集的标准,其次将收集到的文献,按照文献的出版类型分为著作(包括伤寒讲义)、期刊论文两类,分别介绍其文献存目及版本情况：著作47种,现存全本14种,残本5种,载而未见纸质资料的29种；论文39篇。
第二至第四章是本文主体部分,是将收集到的文献,按照时间先后,结合岭南伤寒医学发展特点分为清代、清末民初、民国三段,分属于第二至第四章,此三章的写作体例相近,均分为三个方面,首先是该时段研究背景介绍,其次是主体医家学术思想阐释,最后是该时段伤寒研究特点分析。但第三章与其余两章略有不同的地方是除保有前后两章相同的内容外,根据该时段伤寒医家有医案存世的特点,将医家医案收集,采用统计分析的方法作一定的研究。
第二章是清代岭南伤寒研究起步。首先背景是伤寒学研究的完善成就岭南伤寒的高起步,从简述清代及之前伤寒发展状况、岭外伤寒派医家著作在粤省的刊行情况、从伤寒著作类型相识性看岭外伤寒对岭南伤寒的影响三方面展开。其次医家学术思想阐释(以岭南伤寒实践为重),有何梦瑶兼收并蓄借鉴《伤寒例》解读岭南地方热病温病；郭元峰为东南方外感病正名,以清解为岭南伤寒治法；陈焕堂破岭南伤寒流弊,订立麻桂青龙之岭南用法；麦乃求司法柯韵伯,为岭南辨证论治派医家。最后总结清代岭南伤寒特点为①受明清伤寒三派格局影响但不全相同；②辨析岭南伤寒概念,将伤寒理法本土化。
第三章是清末民初岭南伤寒之兴盛。首先背景是由虚走实的学风是岭南伤寒发展的契机,从经方医学的复兴、注重实际理论问题的探讨两方面展开。其次医家学术思想阐释：陈伯坛四大金刚之首,运用气化阴阳等理论研究《伤寒论》；易巨荪经方实践家,尚有仲景理法抢救危急重症；黎庇留尊崇先圣,辩证前贤,岭南错简重订派医家代表；谭星缘与易黎交好,探讨医理,切磋技艺,未有著作传世。最后总结清民初岭南伤寒特点：①四大金刚躬亲实践,尽显经方魅力；②尊奉常法研究《伤寒论》,发扬经典精华。另外收集陈、易、黎三家医案,运用统计分析与理论评述相结合的方法,对134例医案进行分析,得出岭南经方医家运用伤寒理法诊治常见病、多发病,且方证、病机合参是应用经方的技巧。
第四章是民国岭南伤寒之再发展,背景为伤寒系统研究加速岭南伤寒学科化进程,从中西汇通更加明显、《伤寒论》学校教育的开始、期刊是《伤寒论》研究者学术交流的园地三方面进行。医家学术思想阐释,可以看出此时期医家研究伤寒的方法有中西汇通研究法,代表医家卢觉愚、邓伯游、伍律宁等；中医原义解读法,代表医家冯瑞鎏、赵雄驹等；类编研究法,代表医家陈庆保、许振庆等；期刊论文形式,代表医家陈芝高、黄天士等。此时期伤寒特点是：①岭南伤寒中西医汇通研究思潮涌动；②岭南伤寒类教材编写促使伤寒研究系统化、科学化；③期刊是伤寒研究者交流的稳定平台。
研究结论
岭南伤寒研究从时间上看,理论日趋完善。岭南经方流派肇始于清代,兴盛于清末民初,延续于民国。在三百年时间长河里,共涌现医家三十余位,产生创新性理论颇多,学科体系日趋完善,成为南中国实践仲景理论的分支。岭南伤寒与岭外伤寒发展同步。民国之前,岭南伤寒受岭外伤寒影响为主,外部学风在岭南医家研究中多有投射,如明清伤寒三派、经方研究思潮等；民国时期,岭南一跃成为全国伤寒研究活跃的中心之一,且实效显著。
建国前岭南伤寒学术,饱含清至近代三百年时间长河里医家伤寒理论研究成果,也饱含了岭南医家运用伤寒理论解决岭南地区实际医疗卫生问题的伟大实践成果,内容丰富宏阔。论文在掌握资料的时间跨度、检索文献的标目细度上努力探讨,条分缕析,凝练相关学术观点,力图给学界关于岭南伤寒在文献书目、主体医家学术思想、发展阶段及特点方面一个相对清晰的认识。冀望此研究亦能作为一个桥梁,从一个具体例子的角度去展现岭南医学与岭外医学在历史发展中的沟通与联系,为岭南医学区域研究拓展新的视角。
Purpose:
Shanghan Research is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine theoretical Study. Well-known physician in history are learned Zhongjing. Therefore, the level of Lingnan Doctors researchShanghanlun can also be a significant reflection from the Lingnan region of the level of medical theory. From this point of view, systematic research of Lingnan typhoid Shanghan is necessary.
Shanghan Doctors is a peason who studying Shanghanlun and has played a unique theory. Doctors researched the Shanghanlun and formed a special academic field known as Shanghan school. The current study of Shanghan is relatively mature, Has become a recognized history of academic development, a recognized of three factions belong to the Ming and Qing Shnghan, Key physicians recognized academic point of view, and Recognized Notes System. Successful academic research methods can be borrowed to study the way South Shanghan. From this point of view, sort out the history of typhoid and Lingnan Doctors academic thinking, and technical support with reliable research.
Qing Dynasty to the Republic is a period of remarkable achievements of Lingnan Shanghan, so it is an important period for the study of academic Lingnan Shanghan. However, on the whole Academic History, current research on this section of typhoid slightly fragmented, duplication of data and improve doctor and little information on the physicians rarely been studied, inadequate mining. Therefore, the lack of academic development during the period of an overall picture. In this study, the Qing to the Republic of South Shanghan was study as a whole, based on South Shanghan literature. From academic development, explore its due and development of the veins. The doctor works in the main targets, see the doctor to find creative use of the theory to solve it is the area of prevention of health care in the course of new problems, and summarize in the process of a new theory, the new achievements. At the same time, the data collected to the extent that it, Shanghan in connection with the outside of, such as Shanghan theory of its external influence, and the theory of the mutual learning between, deep in the excavation and strengthen regional and global perspective of infiltration and refine its regional development law and provide for today's clinical experience.
Method:
1, Documents:include information lookups, collection, identification, editing, etc. Literature is fundamental work carried out in the main method of study, including data collection and collation of data collection. Of its existence of the guangdong provincial the local literature, and guangzhou university of chinese medicine library two units, the two units of the network for bibliographical data platform, a search query. Other documents in accordance with traditional medicine research on customary terms, attention to the original data, all for collecting, processing, the use of the two pieces that are deaccessioned book, reading the book, extract and scanning, photocopy, taking pictures, etc, are preserved in literature, ensure that all information. Will collect information of computer technologies, information stored in time, the doctor and two kinds of order, which are stored in the form of the document, using pictures to upload photos at the moment for the form of an image to a form of an excel spreadsheet data files, and finish the papers before writing the information collection and classification of assembly, for the next steps to provide material for writing.
2, Theoretical analysis:classified as analysis, interpretation, traditional, relevant talks, contrast, etc. To the chinese traditional chinese medicine based on studies of the chinese medicine magazine the chinese literature magazine about theoretical study methods for industry sets the pole, its writing according to the requirements of academic thought about it. the doctor in sets. From medicine research and clinical research, the data collected by the law, under an academic classification are related, some phenomena and the situation of contrast, in contrast to make the writing on the basis of the additional comments on the point of view, it studies of the universal and has individuality, Shanghan and revealed its developments in the literature and clinical.
3, Statistical analysis:This part of the study is medicine cases,134 example.Use excel in the data management, in accordance with the case, the name and causes disease card, main, deputy party, the main source of the parties, the main symptoms, and caught them on the waiting list and medication the transcription of data items. Other use spss13.0 statistics on cases information software to do some statistical analysis and statistical methods below. Specific.
Frequency statistical analysis is a frequent number for a set of data, the values of the frequency, can see data distribution of the situation. this research mainly concern included frequency of illness, a certificate, primary and secondary prescription prescription, prescription source of the five aspects of the content of the five can see the doctor to treat the diseases of species, prescription use, using the "prescription Shanghanlun the fact from a sure card in case of the main trend.
Related analytical:analysis is the relationship between research objects, and there are things to explore the relationship between the relevant direction, and that is the random variable from the relationship between a statistical method. this research mainly for prescription with symptoms of the relationship between the relevant, the extent and efficient, and the doctor told the breakdown of the two sides to every certificate Shanghanlun prescription for sure.
Factor analysis:factor analysis refers to studies of the variable factor is the universal estimation of technology. the main purpose is used to describe the measures to hidden in a group of the variables in the more fundamental, but cannot measure directly to the recessive variable. this research mainly uses primary elements, with symptoms of the object and digging up a prescription for the certificate of the clan.
Results:
Paper into four chapters. the first chapter of documents for it speeded up, first of all provisions of the documents collection of scope and collection of standards, and secondly, will be collected and published in accordance with the types of divided into writings include lectures, journal articles two categories, namely, the present document is a catalogue and the version information:work of the 47, the version 5 14, ragged, and no information is rendered 29; article 39 of the thesis.
The second to the fourth chapter is the main part of the literature is collected, according to chronological, with the development of Lingnan characteristics of typhoid medicine into the Qing Dynasty, the early Republic the late Qing Dynasty, the Republic of three sections, which belong to the second to fourth chapter, the writing style is similar to the three chapters are divided into three areas, first session of the background, followed by the interpretation of the main medical academic thinking, and finally the characteristics of the study period of typhoid fever. But the third chapter with the rest of the chapters is slightly different places is in addition to keep around two chapters of the same content, according to the time of typhoid doctors have medical records survive in the world of the characteristics of the physician medical record collection, using statistical analysis methods for certain research
Chapter II of the Qing Dynasty started Lingnan typhoid. First, the study of the background is the perfect success of typhoid typhoid Lingnan high starting from the brief before the Qing Dynasty and the development of typhoid fever, typhoid Ridge outside doctors to send the issue by the writings of the situation in Guangdong Province, met resistance from the typhoid type of work to see outside of typhoid on the South Ridge Three aspects of typhoid fever. Second, interpretation of academic thinking physicians (practice Lingnan typhoid weight), with He Mengyao eclectic refer to the "typhoid fever cases," Interpretation of the Lingnan local fever febrile disease; Guo Yuanfeng to name the south-east of exogenous disease, the clear solution for the South typhoid therapies; Chen Huan-tang break Lingnan typhoid abuse, Ma Gui Qinglong the South to make use of; Mai Ke Yunbo are seeking justice for the diagnosis and treatment of Lingnan School physicians. South typhoid concluded Qing Ming typhoid fever is characterized by the three factions①influence but not all the same pattern;②Analysis of the concept of the Lingnan typhoid fever, typhoid hair cut will be localized.
The third chapter is the Late Qing Dynasty prosperous South typhoid fever. First, the background is a virtual walking real typhoid Lingnan style of study development opportunities, from medical rehabilitation by the parties, focusing on both the actual theoretical aspects of the problem. Second, ideological interpretation of academic physicians:the first four King Uncle Tan, the use of the theories of yin and yang of gasification "Treatise on"; easy to practice at home giant Sun by side, Shangyou Zhong Jing Li-fa, severe emergency rescue; Lebanon respected sage Tiberius dialectical worthies, Lingnan wrong simply re-sent on behalf of physicians; Tan Li Xing Yuan and easy to befriend, of medical knowledge, discuss techniques, handed down not work. Qing Qing concluded typhoid Lingnan characteristics:①Four Diamond attend to personally practice a full appeal by the parties;②Study often enshrined in "Treatise on the" carry forward the essence of the classic. We also collected Chen, Yi, Li three medical case, the use of statistical analysis and review the method of combining theory, medical records of 134 patients were analyzed and the use of Lingnan Doctors by side Li-fa, diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever common disease, and the party card, The combination of the pathogenesis is the application of skills by the parties.
The fourth chapter is the further development of the Republic of South typhoid fever, typhoid fever background system discipline to accelerate the process of typhoid South, from West Huitong more obvious, "Treatise on the" start of school education, journals is "Treatise on the" academic exchanges researchers Corner three aspects. Doctors academic thinking interpretation, we can see that this period of Doctors of typhoid methods are Western Remittance Study, on behalf of physicians Lu Jue Yu, Deng Bo Yu, Wu legal Ning, etc.; Chinese literal interpretation of law, on behalf of physicians Soi Kun Liu, Zhao male horse, etc.; class code of law, on behalf of Doctors Paul Chen Qing, Xu Zhenqing, etc.; the form of journal articles, on behalf of physicians with high Chi Chen, Huang Tianshi and so on. Typhoid fever is characterized this period:①South Remittance of typhoid fever in Western thought flowing;②South typhoid typhoid type of learning and teaching materials to promote systematic and scientific;③journals typhoid stable platform for the exchange of researchers.
Conclusion:
Studies of Lingnan typhoid fever from the time point of view, theories are maturing. Lingnan school began in the Qing Dynasty by the parties, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, continued in the Republic of China. In the long history of three hundred years, a total of three dozen doctors have emerged, resulting in a lot of innovation theory, the subject system is being completed as the Southern branch of the Chinese practice of Zhongjing theory. Typhoid fever and typhoid fever outside the South Ridge Development synchronization. Before the Republic of China, Lingnan typhoid typhoid affected by the ridge outside the main style of study outside the study physicians in the South more than a projection, such as the Ming and Qing typhoid three groups, by the side of thought, etc.; Republic of China, Lingnan became active in the National Research Center for typhoid one, and the effectiveness significantly. Typhoid fever before the founding of the Lingnan academic, full of three hundred years the Qing Dynasty to the long history of modern physicians typhoid theoretical research, but also full of doctors use Lingnan Lingnan region of typhoid theory to solve the great problem of the actual practice of health outcomes, content-rich Broad. Papers in the master data of the time span, searching literatures heading fineness efforts to explore, Tiaofenlvxi, concise relevant academic point of view, trying to scholars on the South typhoid fever in the bibliography, the main physicians academic thought, the development stage and features aspects of a relatively clear understanding. We hope that this study also as a bridge, from the perspective of a specific example to show outside the South Ridge Medical and Medicine in the historical development of communication and contact the Regional Medical Research and Development for the South a new perspective.
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