人工湿地系统净化餐饮废水的试验研究
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摘要
垂直流人工湿地污水处理技术是一种简便有效的污水生态处理技术,已用于生活污水与工业废水的处理。本论文采用了生态组合工艺厌氧池+人工湿地+人工浮床对餐饮废水进行净化处理,实验中通过比较选择出了合适的人工湿地基质组合,考查了人工湿地植物生长情况及适应性能力,分析了人工湿地去除效果的影响因素。研究结果表明:
由土壤与细沙、石英砂2中基质相互组合得出:土壤与细沙的湿地基质组合结构有利于污染物的去除,且土壤对N、P的吸附能力要高于细沙。
从株高、叶片数和生物量长势来看,湿地植物水芹和雍菜生长均良好。水芹在2~3月长势最快,雍菜则在7月长势最好。水芹的耐水性比雍菜好,在根部全淹没时植物存活率比半淹没时要低。水芹比雍菜能耐高污染负荷,但总体耐污性不如雍菜稳定。水芹对磷吸收能力大于雍菜,对氮的吸收能力则小于雍菜。
通过厌氧池可以降解餐饮废水有机大分子,减轻后续处理负担,在冬季COD和TP的平均去除率分为25%和33%。在春夏季COD和TP的平均去除率分别为39%和32.5%。系统中湿地的水力停留时间最佳为1d~1.5d,最佳水力负荷为0.15 m/d。pH值在7.0~7.7之间时氨氮、TP和COD去除率分别为90%、80%和85%。温度在25℃~35℃时氨氮、TP和COD去除效果最好,去除率分别为90%、80%和85%~90%。
春夏季湿地处理污染的能力要高于冬季,但不如冬季的稳定。COD春夏季两级平均去除率是69.3%和49.6%,冬季两级平均去除率分别是54.1%和58.9%。NH4+-N春夏季两级平均去除率是84.8%和59.7%,冬季两级平均去除率是73.2%和71.4%。TP去除率波动范围广,春夏季两级在50%~95%之间,冬季两级在35%~70%之间。
后续处理人工浮床可以进一步改善系统出水水质,对氨氮、TP和COD平均去除率分别为62.4%、56.2%和39.5%。
餐饮废水经人工湿地系统处理后,最终出水水质达到了国家城镇污水处理厂排放标准(GB18918-2002)要求,生态组合工艺净化餐饮废水是可行的。
As a simple, effective, ecological treatment technology, the vertical flow constructed wetlands has been widely used in treatment of sewage and industrial wastewaters. The combined process (anaerobic tank + constructed wetland + artificial floating rafts) is set up to treat the restaurant wastewater.In the experiment, the best combined substrate subsurface of constructed wetland is chosen, the growth and adaptation of wetland plants are researched and the influencing factors of constructed wetland is analysed. The results show that:
Combinations of soil and silver sand, soil and quartz sand are studied for treatment of restaurant wastewater. Soil with sand is helpful to elimination of pollutants and the soil is prior to sand in the adsorption of N, P.
According to their leaf number and biomass, the plants grow well in wetland. The most growing speed of Oenanthe javanica is between February and March, as well as Ipomoea aquatica in July. The water tolerance ability of Oenanthe javanica is better than that of Ipomoea aquatica. The survival percentage is higher when the roots are in half submergence in water than fully submergence in water. The serious-pollution durability of Oenanthe javanica is better than Ipomoea aquatica, but not stable. Oenanthe javanica is greater than Ipomoea aquatica in the absorption capacity of the P, while it is less than Ipomoea aquatica in the absorption capacity of the N.
In anaerobic tank, the recalcitrant pollutants in restaurant wastewater can be changed into small organic molecules, which is beneficial to the subsequent treatment. The average removal rate of COD and TP in anaerobic tank are 25% and 33% in winter respectively, as well as they are 39%and 32.5% in spring and summer respectively.
In constructed wetland system, the best HRT of wetland is between 1d~1.5d, the best HLR is 0.15 m/d. When the pH is about 7.0~7.7, the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD are 90%, 80% and 85%, respectively. When the temperature is about 25℃~35℃, the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD is the highest, reaching 90%, 80% and 85%~90%, respectively. Ability of wetland process’treatment of pollutants varies with different seasons, it is higher in spring and summer than in winter, but it is’not stabler than in winter. The average removal rate of COD in the two-class wetlands(first-class and secondary-class) are 69.3% and 49.6% in spring and summer, they are 54.1% and 58.9% in winter. The average removal rate of NH4+-N in two-class wetlands are 84.8% and 59.7% in spring and summer, they are 73.2% and 71.4% in winter. The average removal rate of TP fluctuates seasonally, 50%~95% in summer and 35%~70% in winter.
Artificial floating rafts is beneficial to improve the water quality of the system, and the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD are 62.4%,56.2% and 39.5%, respectively.
After Combined process’s treatment, effluent quality of the restaurant wastewater can reach the requirement of Standards of discharge of municipal wastewater Quality(GB18918-2002).
由土壤与细沙、石英砂2中基质相互组合得出:土壤与细沙的湿地基质组合结构有利于污染物的去除,且土壤对N、P的吸附能力要高于细沙。
从株高、叶片数和生物量长势来看,湿地植物水芹和雍菜生长均良好。水芹在2~3月长势最快,雍菜则在7月长势最好。水芹的耐水性比雍菜好,在根部全淹没时植物存活率比半淹没时要低。水芹比雍菜能耐高污染负荷,但总体耐污性不如雍菜稳定。水芹对磷吸收能力大于雍菜,对氮的吸收能力则小于雍菜。
通过厌氧池可以降解餐饮废水有机大分子,减轻后续处理负担,在冬季COD和TP的平均去除率分为25%和33%。在春夏季COD和TP的平均去除率分别为39%和32.5%。系统中湿地的水力停留时间最佳为1d~1.5d,最佳水力负荷为0.15 m/d。pH值在7.0~7.7之间时氨氮、TP和COD去除率分别为90%、80%和85%。温度在25℃~35℃时氨氮、TP和COD去除效果最好,去除率分别为90%、80%和85%~90%。
春夏季湿地处理污染的能力要高于冬季,但不如冬季的稳定。COD春夏季两级平均去除率是69.3%和49.6%,冬季两级平均去除率分别是54.1%和58.9%。NH4+-N春夏季两级平均去除率是84.8%和59.7%,冬季两级平均去除率是73.2%和71.4%。TP去除率波动范围广,春夏季两级在50%~95%之间,冬季两级在35%~70%之间。
后续处理人工浮床可以进一步改善系统出水水质,对氨氮、TP和COD平均去除率分别为62.4%、56.2%和39.5%。
餐饮废水经人工湿地系统处理后,最终出水水质达到了国家城镇污水处理厂排放标准(GB18918-2002)要求,生态组合工艺净化餐饮废水是可行的。
As a simple, effective, ecological treatment technology, the vertical flow constructed wetlands has been widely used in treatment of sewage and industrial wastewaters. The combined process (anaerobic tank + constructed wetland + artificial floating rafts) is set up to treat the restaurant wastewater.In the experiment, the best combined substrate subsurface of constructed wetland is chosen, the growth and adaptation of wetland plants are researched and the influencing factors of constructed wetland is analysed. The results show that:
Combinations of soil and silver sand, soil and quartz sand are studied for treatment of restaurant wastewater. Soil with sand is helpful to elimination of pollutants and the soil is prior to sand in the adsorption of N, P.
According to their leaf number and biomass, the plants grow well in wetland. The most growing speed of Oenanthe javanica is between February and March, as well as Ipomoea aquatica in July. The water tolerance ability of Oenanthe javanica is better than that of Ipomoea aquatica. The survival percentage is higher when the roots are in half submergence in water than fully submergence in water. The serious-pollution durability of Oenanthe javanica is better than Ipomoea aquatica, but not stable. Oenanthe javanica is greater than Ipomoea aquatica in the absorption capacity of the P, while it is less than Ipomoea aquatica in the absorption capacity of the N.
In anaerobic tank, the recalcitrant pollutants in restaurant wastewater can be changed into small organic molecules, which is beneficial to the subsequent treatment. The average removal rate of COD and TP in anaerobic tank are 25% and 33% in winter respectively, as well as they are 39%and 32.5% in spring and summer respectively.
In constructed wetland system, the best HRT of wetland is between 1d~1.5d, the best HLR is 0.15 m/d. When the pH is about 7.0~7.7, the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD are 90%, 80% and 85%, respectively. When the temperature is about 25℃~35℃, the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD is the highest, reaching 90%, 80% and 85%~90%, respectively. Ability of wetland process’treatment of pollutants varies with different seasons, it is higher in spring and summer than in winter, but it is’not stabler than in winter. The average removal rate of COD in the two-class wetlands(first-class and secondary-class) are 69.3% and 49.6% in spring and summer, they are 54.1% and 58.9% in winter. The average removal rate of NH4+-N in two-class wetlands are 84.8% and 59.7% in spring and summer, they are 73.2% and 71.4% in winter. The average removal rate of TP fluctuates seasonally, 50%~95% in summer and 35%~70% in winter.
Artificial floating rafts is beneficial to improve the water quality of the system, and the average removal rate of NH4+-N, TP and COD are 62.4%,56.2% and 39.5%, respectively.
After Combined process’s treatment, effluent quality of the restaurant wastewater can reach the requirement of Standards of discharge of municipal wastewater Quality(GB18918-2002).
引文
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