基于系统分析的物业管理行业发展研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
经过20多年的探索,我国物业管理作为一个新兴的行业已初具规模,成为国民经济发展的重要增长点。物业管理行业的迅速发展,极大地改善了城市面貌和居住环境,提高了人民群众生活质量,拓宽了城市就业渠道,推动了第三产业的发展。物业管理作为一个社会性服务行业,具有综合性强、涉及面广、重要程度高、社会影响大的特点。由于物业管理具有社区、环境建设和管理的独特功能,已成为城市管理、社区建设的最重要的组成部分。然而物业管理行业在快速发展的过程中,也遇到了诸多的困难和压力,暴露出一系列的问题和矛盾。目前物业管理行业存在问题主要表现为物业管理企业发展条件差、经营效率低,物业服务质量不高,业主满意程度较低,政府监管不力,行业法律法规不健全等。物业管理行业的发展问题已得到政府和社会各方面的高度重视和密切关注,研究解决物业管理行业发展问题已成为当务之急。
     本文研究的目的是运用系统分析的原理,分析物业管理行业系统中物业管理企业子系统、业主子系统、政府子系统及其相互关系,提出物业管理行业发展研究的理论分析框架,为政府和企业研究制定物业管理行业发展策略提供决策依据,帮助和支持物业管理行业走出困境,促进物业管理行业的健康发展。具体而言,本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究:
     (1)论文通过对物业管理行业系统的界定,提出了物业管理行业系统的内部构成、系统目标及其外部环境。物业管理行业系统包含物业管理企业、业主、政府子系统和其他子系统。物业管理行业作为服务性行业,不仅要取得经济收入,创造经济效益,还包括为业主和社会创造一个安全、舒适、文明、和睦、优美的生活空间,以提高社会效益。物业管理行业发展还受政治和法律环境、经济环境、社会文化环境、自然地理环境、技术环境以及人力资源环境等外部环境因素的影响。
     (2)论文在充分调查分析南京市物业管理企业发展现状和存在问题的基础上,研究了物业管理企业的发展条件和经营效率问题。当前物业管理企业发展条件较差,经营效率不高。综合来看,影响物业管理企业发展的主要是发展条件和经营效率两个层面,因此,本文主要从这两个层面对物业管理企业子系统进行分析,探讨了当前我国物业管理企业发展条件的不足,找出影响物业管理企业经营效率的主要因素。研究中构建了物业管理企业发展条件的评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评判法对物业管理企业发展条件进行评价,并进行实证分析。研究表明当前大部分物业管理企业发展条件较为薄弱,企业资质等级与经营规模、服务内容和服务质量水平以及物业管理专业人员缺失是影响企业发展条件的重要因素。然后构建了物业管理企业经营效率的评价指标,运用主成分分析法对物业管理企业经营效率进行评价,并进行实证分析,得到物业管理企业经营效率主要取决于实际收缴率、成本利润率、非公共性服务收入比例和劳动生产率。
     (3)论文分析了业主在物业管理行业中的地位与作用,提出了业主满意度是物业管理行业发展的前提。在此基础上,对业主满意度和价格容忍度进行了研究,构建了业主满意度和价格容忍度的分析模型,采用实证数据对业主满意度和价格容忍度的关系进行定量分析、验证。研究表明业主满意度和价格容忍度之间具有显著的正向关系。本文验证了价格容忍度影响因素模型的7个假设,研究发现,业主涉入程度、对价格公平的感知、对物业管理服务的满意度,以及物业管理服务质量均会影响业主的价格容忍度,并具有正向影响关系。业主的涉入程度、对价格公平的感知和物业管理服务质量也会对业主满意度有正向影响。然后,分析了业主对物业管理满意度较低的原因,主要包括业主的物业管理消费意识比较淡薄,物业服务企业素质低、服务质量不高,业主与物业管理企业之间平等双向选择的机制尚未建立,物业服务内容不能满足业主的需求和期望。
     (4)论文从经济学角度和现实性角度分析了物业管理市场失灵及其矫正,提出了政府干预物业管理行业的必要性。研究表明:物业管理服务具有准公共物品性质;物业管理服务信息不对称,从而导致“逆向选择”行为,低物业服务水平的物业管理企业会把高物业服务水平的物业管理企业驱逐出市场,从而使市场上的物业管理总体服务水平持续下降;由于外部性的存在,物业管理市场供给不可能达到社会最优;同时,业主由于认知物业管理服务的知识与能力的有限性、时间与精力的有限性,其购买决策只能是有限理性的,其结果是高物业服务水平的物业管理供给不足,低物业服务水平的物业管理供给过剩。总之,物业管理市场存在失灵情况,要求政府对物业管理行业进行干预。
     (5)论文分析了物业管理企业、业主和政府三者之间的博弈关系:物业管理服务内容及收费方案是物业管理企业与业主之间利益博弈的焦点;物业管理市场化与政府管制之间的矛盾、企业成本与效益之间的均衡是物业管理企业与政府利益博弈的主要内容;政府对物业管理投入与业主期望是政府与业主利益博弈的关键。博弈模型结果显示,物业管理行业发展的最优模式是物业管理企业、业主和政府三者结合的模式,该模式是政府提供政策(包括优惠政策),运用市场机制,吸引物业管理企业介入,业主参与,共同完成物业管理。
     最后,论文从物业管理企业、业主和政府行政管理等方面提出了促进物业管理行业发展的对策建议。第一,提高物业管理企业经营效率和业主满意程度的对策,包括建立规范的企业管理制度,提高物业服务水平和质量,创立品牌战略、提高市场占有率,锁定“顾客群”、培育业主忠诚等建议;第二,完善业主自治机制的对策,包括培养业主的物业服务消费意识,加快业主大会、业主委员会的组建步伐,充分发挥业主委员会的作用等建议;第三,加强政府行政管理的对策,包括加强政府管制、避免运用市场机制所产生的负外部性,采取多种手段解决物业管理市场失灵,建立物业管理与社区管理相结合的管理体制,完善服务等级收费制度,合理定位博弈主体利益,完善行业自律组织一物业管理协会等建议;第四,其他相关对策,包括加大舆论宣传力度、建立正确的舆论导向,加快物业管理人才的培养,发挥物业管理第三方组织的作用,加强对房地产开发建设的监督与管理等建议。
As an emerging industry, property management has begun to take shape became a national economic growth after20years'exploration.The rapid development of property management industry has greatly improved the urban appearance and the living environment,as well as people's living standards. Meanwhile, the employment channels have been broadened and the tertiary industry has been promoted. Property management as a social service industry, which involves many sectors and has social imparts, is comprehensive and is becoming more and more important. It has became the most important part of urban management and community construction as it's unique affect in community and environment construction and management. However, during the rapid development, property management has also encountered lots of difficulties and pressure. A series of problems and contradictions have been revealed. At present, poor condition for development, low operational efficiency and bad service are major problems exist in property industry, among which, low degree of satisfaction of property owner the lack of supervision of government, and inadequate laws and regulations also take a part. Therefore, the government and social organizations from all sectors have already pay great attention to the development of property management industry, and the study on these problems and solving them has become a crucial issue.
     This paper studies the subsystem of property management enterprises, property owners and government, and analyzes the relationship among the three study objects with the principle of system property analysis, then proposes the theoretical framework for study on the development of property management, which provide basis for making decision on property management, help to support property management enterprises overcome difficulties, and promote health development. Mainly, the paper includes the following part:
     (1) The internal structure and the target as well as the external environment of property management industry system are proposed through the definition of the property management industry system. Property management enterprises, property owners and government make the three major subsystems of property management industry system. As a part of service industry, it's more important for the property management enterprises to create a safe, comfortable, civilized, harmonious and beautiful living space to enhance social benefits than gain economic income. Also, the development of the property management industry is affected by political and legal environment, economic and cultural environment, natural geographical environment and technological environment as well as human resource environment.
     (2) On the basis of fully survey and analysis of the present situation and the existing problems of the property management enterprises in Nanjing. This paper studies the development condition and the business efficiency of property management enterprises. It can be seen from the study, the development condition is poor and the efficiency is low. On the whole, this paper analyzes the bad conditions for the development of property management industry and finds out the major factors which affect the operational efficiency of property management enterprises. In the study, this paper proposes the evaluation index system for the development condition of the property management industry and evaluates the development condition by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and empirical analysis. Research shows that at present, most of property management enterprises are in weak conditions, the level of proficient qualification, business scale, and service quality as well as the lack of professionals are important factors which affect property management enterprises. And then, an efficiency evaluation index system is built and the operational efficiency of property management enterprises is evaluated through the principal component analysis as well as empirical analysis. The evaluation is that the operational efficiency of property management enterprises largely depends on the actual collection rate, the margin cost, non-public service revenue and the proportion of labor productivity.
     (3) This paper analyzes the role of property owners in property management industry and proposes that the satisfaction of property owners is the prerequisite for development. On this basis, owners'satisfaction and the price tolerance is studied, and a model is built. Empirical data is adopted to quantitatively analyze and verify the relationship between the owner's satisfaction and price tolerance, and a positive relationship is found in the analysis, also, assumptions which affect price tolerance were verified. Research also shows that owner's involving in property management, the perception of a fair price, and the quality of property management service will affect owner's satisfaction, and their relationship is positive. And then, the paper analyzes the reasons why the degree of the owner's satisfaction is low. Mainly, there are5factors:weak consumption awareness of property owners, low level of the qualification of property management business, the two-way-mechanism for equal choice hasn't been established yet, the service can't meet the owner's needs and expectations.
     (4) According to both economics and the current reality point of view, the paper analyzes the market failure and the necessaries for the government's intervention. Research shows the property management service is a quasi-public goods; the "adverse selection", as a result of inadequate information of property owners, will exile companies with high level of service from the property management market instead of companies with low level of service, finally the overall level of service decline; due to the existence of externalities, the supply of property management market can't meet social optimum; meanwhile, due to limited knowledge and capacity, as well as limited time and energy, the property owners' purchase decisions are limited, as a result, the adverse selection was born. In short, the property management market's failure needs government's intervention.
     (5) The paper analyzes the game-relationship among property management enterprises, property owners and the government: the property management service and the fee is the focus of the game between property management enterprises and property owners, the conflict between the property management market and the government's intervention as well as the balance between the cost and benefit is the major part in the game between property management enterprises and the government; the government's investment in property management business and the expectation of property owners is the key of the game between the government and property owners. The game-model shows that, the most reasonable model is the model that combines property management enterprises, property owners with the government. It is a model in which the market mechanism is adopted to attract both property management enterprises and property owners into property management with the policy made by the government.
     Finally, this paper proposes suggestions for the development of property management industry. First, we should establish a standardized system of corporate governance; enhance the level and quality of property management service to improve operational efficiency of property management service and owner's satisfaction. Also, the brand strategy should be created to increase the market share. And, customs should be "lock" to cultivate loyalty. Second, property owners'consumption awareness should be cultivated and owners committee should be set up to give full play to the role of owners' commission. Third, the government should strengthen its intervention to avoid market's negative effect. Various means should be taken to avoid market's failure; combine property management with community management; improve the fee-charging system and charge fee according to the level of service; the benefits of the third aspects of the game should be reasonably established, improve the association of property management-a self-regulatory organization of property management industry. Fourth, enhance public awareness and set up a correct direction for public discussion, speed up the cultivation of property management talent, give full play to third-party organizations to strengthen the supervision of the real estate development.
引文
1周京荣.物业管理行业在国民经济中的地位与作用[J].理论学习,2005,8:76
    1王筝,第五惠琴.当前河南物业管理行业存在的问题[J].河南商业高等专科学校学报,2001.9:25-26
    2张沈生.当前物业管理行业急需解决的问题[J].工业技术经济,2002,4:33-34
    1邹益华.海外物业管理[M1.南京:东南大学出版社.2001
    2刘青云、王锋,国内外物业管理基本特征对比[J].中外房地产导报.2000,(3)
    1邹益华,海外物业管理,东南大学出版社,2001
    2杜辛.中外物业公司经营管理特点分析[[J].消费日报,2004.11.17
    3翁国强.美国物业管理的主要特点及其楼宇星级管理模式[J].中国物业管理,2003.2
    4周树基.美国物业产权制度与物业管理[M1.北京大学出版社,2005,82
    5Crozier,Michel. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago,1985,(3):23
    5蔡诗,物业管理实务与操作[M],西南财经大学出版社,2003
    6陈枫.论物业管理中业主“投票权”的确定与行使[J].物业管理,2005,(2):23
    1Zifcak, Spencer. New Managerialism:Adminidistrative Reform in Whitehall and Canberra[M]. Buckingham:open University Press.1994:12
    2Harold D. lasswell, A Pre-view of Policy Sciences[M]. New York:American Elsevier,1971,(5):365
    1Peter wolf. Public Policy[M]. Cambridge:Winthrop Publishers, Ins,1987:265
    2Dennis. C. Mueller, Publick. Estatet[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 1989:238
    1中国建设部房地产司.中国物业管理实务[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社.1995
    2王青兰,齐坚.物业管理理论与实务[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
    3谢家谨、季如进等.物业管理概论[M].北京:中国物价出版社.1996
    4谭善勇.物业管理实务[Ml.北京:中国林业出版社,2000
    5王青兰.物业管理导论[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2000
    6齐坚.物业管理教程[M].同济大学出版社,2004
    7杨永康.物业管理[M].中国物价出版社,2003
    8王家福.物业管理条例解释[M].中国物价出版社,2003
    9周树基.美国物业产权制度与物业管理.北京大学出版社,2005
    10刘小玲等编.中国物业管理实务指南[M].北京燕山出版社,1996
    11卢国礼著.香港物业管理[M].翁虹宇译,广州:中山大学出版社,1998
    12符启林著.房地产法[M].法律出版社.2004
    12赵涛主编.物业经营管理:理论,案例,制度·实务[M].北京工业大学出版社,2004
    14梁柱.中国物业管理理论探索与实践[M].中国经济出版社,2003
    15王秀云,李莉编著.物业管理[M].机械工业出版社,2004
    16齐坚编著.物业管理教程fM].同济大学出版社,2004
    17黄国铭.试论业主大会和业主委员会的法律定位[[J].福建工程学院学报,2005(2): 56
    1汪本聪,邹锐.论新时期物业管理的创新[[J].经济师,2005, (6):23
    2赵自强,张斌.服务创新与物业管理品牌的培育[J].中国房地产,2004(5): 67
    3刘云腾.环境心理与物业管理[J].住宅科技,2000(8):39-42
    4王青兰.环境心理研究——居住环境质量评价与物业管理[D].华东师范大学1994年博士学位论文,133-134
    1关汉雄.物业管理单位在社区建设中的地位和作用[J].深圳市物业管理协会网2003
    2叶天泉,柴保国,刘敏.论物业管理品牌发展战略[J].中国房地产,2003, (5): 58
    3李永权.谈物业管理公司的服务意识[J].洛阳工业高等专科学校学报,2003,2
    4李钊.酬金制与物业管理的阳光财务[J].中国物业管理,2003.6
    5王中宁.浅议“酬金制”[J].中国物业管理,2003.6
    6石正林,王海著.对物业服务收费酬金制包干制的几点思考[[Jl.中国物业管理,2003.6
    7李连法,陈日辉.物业管理创名牌要抓四个关健点[J.经济论坛,2004, (2): 12
    1张宪荣.如何提高物业管理服务质量[J].经济师,2005,(9):284
    2尹伯成.人性化服务:21世纪物业管理的全新理念[J].探索与争鸣,2002(12):31-32
    3王晓绿.深圳社区建设与物业管理分析[J].经济前沿,2002(6)
    4邹洪芬.论物业管理中的住宅区文化建设[J].江南论坛,2002(7)
    5倪升.2003年房地产物业管理新理念:手机信息服务平台[J].中国住宅设施,2003(3):29-31
    6王青兰.物业管理的满意度测评[[J].中外房地产导报,2003, (1):41-42
    7黄安永.信息不对称与物业管理服务标准.深圳市物业管理协会网2003年10月28日。
    1王苹,满孝青.论我国物业管理现状及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2003,25(4):120-122
    2尹国森,尹国辉.物业管理经营体制的转变[J].北方经贸,2004(3): 88
    3吴冬.谈谈住宅产业的现代化[[J].经济论坛,2005,(2):25
    1马万里.物业社区一体化管理的探索与研究.深圳市物业管理协会网2003年10月28日。
    1廖俊平,刘卫红,张学志等.物业管理产权理论分析.深圳物业管理网,2003年9月27日。
    2尚国胜,许小冬.住宅区物业管理的体制、机制和市场建设[J].城市研究,2000(3)34-37
    3郭永丰.论进一步规范深圳的物业管理[J],特区经济,2000(4):21-22
    4邱海清.促进物业管理市场的健康发展[J].经济论坛,2002,1
    5张剑萍,顾孟迪.浅论入世后我国物业管理的发展与完善[J].技术经济与管理研究,2002,8
    6叶天泉,刘湛深,安旗.论我国物业管理可持续发展战略[J].中国房地产,2000,1.
    7王桓.浅谈加强房地产开发中的物业管理[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,J
    8李东风.智能化建筑与物业管理[J].住宅与房地产.2002,11
    9谭善勇.智能住宅小区需要智能化物业管理fJ].南方房地产.2002,11
    10叶天泉.关于物业管理企业走集团化发展道路的构想.物业管理探索[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2003,70
    11林凤祥.城市社区物业管理公共产品的生产[J].福建论坛(经济社会版).2003,1
    12黄安永编著.现代房地产物业管理[M].东南大学出版社,2003,6:261
    13李延荣,梁宇.物业管理风险的成因及对策[J].法学杂志.2006,(1)
    14梁志东.物业管理重在创新[J].辽宁商务职业学院学报(社会科学版),2003(1):20-21
    15梁柱.深圳发展物业管理的优势条件及成功经验[J].中国房地产,2000(11)
    1赵翔.新世纪我国物业管理发展方向[J].山西财政税务专科学校学报,2003,5(3):51-53
    2杜伟.物业管理需进行经营理念创新[J].价格月刊,2001(4):3-5
    4侯翠花.物业管理市场化初探[J].石河子科技.2001,1
    5李听.创物业管理品牌[J].中国机关后勤.2002,8
    6刘昌兵.物业管理企业“弱势地位”境况解剖[J].中国物业管理,2004.3
    7王石.招投标催生物业管理行业市场化[J].中国物业管理,2004.3
    8顾志敏,陈伯庚.物业管理与服务关系探讨[[J].中国物业管理,2003.2
    9段本海,中小物业管理企业发展战略研究[D].中国人民大学2004,硕士学位论文,26
    3张学银,王宏,白莉.我国物业管理面临的挑战及对策[[J].煤炭经济研究,2003(5)20
    1杨燕敏,李兰英.试析物业管理项目招投标[[J].中国房地产,2005, (4): 57
    2刘黎虹.物业管理模式的分析与探索[J],长春工程学院学报,2001,2(3):29-31
    1高洪深.经济系统分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社.2007,11
    1潘开灵白烈湖.管理协同理论及其应用[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2006
    2王军.可持续发展[M],北京:中国发展出版社.1997
    1刘宇.顾客满意度测评[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003,8
    2张维迎著.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1996,8
    3何轩.博弈论在动态竞争分析中的应用[D].西安,西安交通大学,2006,6
    4朱·弗登博格、让·梯若尔著.博弈论[M.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006,1
    5王国成著.竞争对策:博弈论在企业经营管理中的应用[M].北京:企业管理出版社,1997,4
    6韩勇、谭忠富,合作博弈方法在输电费用分配中的应用[M].北京:华北电力大学学报,2004(1),74
    7王则柯著.博弈论平话[M].中国经济出版社,2000,11
    8王则柯著.信息经济学浅说[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000,6
    9谢识予编著.经济博弈论[Ml.上海:复旦大学出版社,1997
    10施锡锉著.博弈论[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2000
    1朱新民等.现代管理科学词库[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社.1986,9
    1李宝山于秀慧.管理系统工程[M],北京:中国人民大学出版社.2007,10
    1陈伯林等.现代工业企业管理词典[M],北京:北京大学出版社.1983,3
    1高洪深.经济系统分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社.2007,11
    1蒋晓芸,王齐.企业核心能力测度的多层次模糊综合评判数学模型[J].经济数学.2003.1
    2李旭阳,郑光豹.模糊综合评判法在企业执行力评价中的应用[J].重庆工学院学报(社会科学版),2007,7
    3孙慧钧.指数理论研究[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社.1998.
    4帕尔·科尔斯,数理论与经济现实[M].北京:中国统计出版社.1990.
    5 Gregory. A. The Road to Integration:Reflections on the Development of Organizational Evaluation,Theory and Practice[J], Omega,1996.24 (3),295-307
    6F. K. Wang, Norma F. Hubele, Frederick P.Lawrence, Comparison of Three Multivariate Process Capability Indices[J],Journal of Quality Technology,2000,32(3).263-275。
    7 Zachary G.Stoumbos. Process capability indices:overview and extensions[J], Nonlinear Analysis, Real World Application,2002.3 (2),191-210
    8吴士余,高英仪,杨伦标.模糊数学:原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1995
    9刘承平,谢季坚.模糊数学方法及其应用[M],武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000
    10陈国权.模糊数学在经济管理中的应用[M].安徽科学技术出版社,1982
    1 Eklof Jan A, Westlund, Anders h. Customer Satisfaction Index and Its Role in Quality Management [J], Total Quality Management,1998.9 (4).80-86
    2 Lall Sanjaya. Competitiveness Indexs and Developing Countries; An Economic Evaluation of the Global Competitiveness Report[J], World Development,200129(9),1501-1525
    3 Hall. Mary-Jo. The American Customer Satisfaction Index[J], Public Manager,2002.31 (1).23-270
    4肖丽华.物业管理企业顾客价值评价指标体系的构建[J].商场现代化,2007,30
    5徐晓音.浅谈物业管理效益评价指标体系[J].经济师.2000,06
    6赵万华.物业管理公司核心竞争力模糊综合评价——以BP神经网络为基础[J].经济论坛.2005,08
    1王国顺.企业经营效率:概念、来源及关系[J].中南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2002.3
    1袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析[M]. 科学出版社,2002.188-215
    1 Kamen, Joseph M. Toman, Robert J. Psychophysics of prices. Journal of Marketing Research,1970,7(1):27-35
    2 Gabor, Andre; Granger, Clive W. J. Sowter, Anthony P. Comments on 'Psychophysics of prices. Journal of Marketing Research,1971,8 (2):251-253
    3 Stapel, Jan. Fair or psychophysics pricing. Journal of Marketing Research,1972,9 (1):101-103
    4 Monroe, Kent B. Psychophysics of prices:a reappraisal. Journal of Marketing Research,1971,8 (2):248-251
    5 Nwokoye, Nonyelu G. An experimental study of the relationship between responses to price changes and the price level for shoes. Advances in Consumer Research,1975,2 (1):693-704
    6 Anderson, Eugene W. Customer satisfaction and price tolerance[J]. Marketing Letters,1996,7:265-275
    7 Krugman, H E. The measurement of advertising involvement[J]. Public Opinion Quarterly,1967,30(Win.):583-596.
    8 Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky. Measuring the Involvement Construct[J]. The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.12, No. 3 (Dec.,1985),341-352
    9 Engel, Blackwell and Miniard, Consumer Behavior[J], Prentice-Hall 8th,1995,.48-56
    1 Gronroos, C. Relationship Marketing: Challenges for the Organization. Journal of Business Research,1999.46,(3) 327-335.
    2张光曦,钟建安.居民对通货膨胀引起的商品房涨价的公平感研究[J].应用心理学,2006,12(4),356-360
    3 Lan Xia, Kent B.Monroe, Jennifer L. Cox.The Price Is Unfair! A Conceptual Framework of Price Fairness Perceptions[J].Journal of Marketing,2004,12:1-15
    1 Andreas Herrmann, Frank Huber, K. Sivakumar,Martin Wricke2. An empirical analysis of the determinants of price tolerance [J]. Psychology & Marketing,2004,21 (7):533-551
    2 Anderson E W. Customer satisfaction and price tolerance[J]. Marketing Letters,1996,7:265-275
    1 Lichtenstein D, Bloch P Black W Correlates of price acceptability[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1988,15:243-252
    2 Churchill Jr.,Gilbert A.;Surprenant, Carol. An Investigation into the Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research,1982,19:491-504
    1 Bloemer J, Ruyter R D. Customer loyalty in high and low involvement settings: the moderating impact of positive settings[J]. Journal of Marketing Management,1999,15:315-330
    2 Oliver R L, Swan J;. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions:a field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing,1989,53:21-35
    3 Parasuraman A, Zeithaml V, Berry L. A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research[J]. Journal of Marketing,1985,49 (4):41-50.
    4 Cornin J J Jr, Taylor S A. Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension[J]. Journal of Marketing,1992, 56 (3):55-68.
    5 Oliver R L, Swan J;. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions:a field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing,1989,53:21-35
    6 Voss G B, Grewal D, Parasuraman determining satisfaction. The role of price, performance and expectations in service exchanges[J]. Journal of Marketing,1998,62:46-61
    1 Voss G B, Grewal D, Parasuraman determining satisfaction. The role of price, performance and expectations in service exchanges[J].Journal of Marketing,1998,62:46-61
    1 Alamdari, Fariba. Regional development in airlines and travel agents relationship [J].Journal of Air Transport Management,2002,8:339-348.
    2 Anderson E W. Customer satisfaction and price tolerance[J]. Marketing Letters,1996,7:265-275
    3 Andreas Herrmann,Frank Huber, K. Sivakumar.An empirical analysis of the determinants of price tolerance [J]. Psychology & Marketing,2004,21(7):533-551
    1[英]亚当·斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974:252-253
    2胡代光.国外学者评议当代西方经济学.经济改革与发展[J].1996,5:12-14
    3[美]道格拉斯.格林沃尔德.经济百科全书[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992
    4[英]斯坦利.海曼.协会管理[M].北京:中国经济出版,1985
    5[美]G.J施蒂格勒.产业组织和政府管制[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1996
    6[英]多纳德.海,德理克.莫瑞斯.产业经济学与组织[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001
    7埃瑞克,鲁道夫编,孙经纬译.新制度经济学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,1998: 11
    8丹尼斯·卡尔顿,杰弗里·佩罗夫.现代产业组织[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1998.
    9菲利普.科特勒,洪瑞云,梁绍明等..市场营销管理[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1998
    10高鸿业主编.西方经济学(上册微观部分)[M].北京:中国经济出版社,1998
    1斯蒂格利茨,经济学中译本(上册)[M],北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997
    2[美]史普博.管制与市场[M].余辉,何帆,钱家骏等译,上海:上海人民出版社,1999.
    1张五常.经济解释[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001
    2[美]威廉姆森.生产的纵向一体化:市场失灵的考察[A].企业制度与市场组织——交易费用经济学文选[M].上海:上海三联书店上海人民出版社,1996:11—12
    1[美]斯蒂格利茨.政府经济学[M].北京:春秋出版社,1988:95-05,210
    2[美]Richard A.Posner法律的经济学分析[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999,12
    3[冰]思拉恩·埃格特森.新制度经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996
    4[日]植益草:《微观规制经济学》[M],中国展望出版社,1992
    5[美]史普博.管制与市场[M].余辉,何帆,钱家骏等译,上海:上海人民出版社,1999.
    1[美]诺思著,厉以平译.经济史上的结构和变革(汉译名著)[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003,1
    1Nelson,P. Information and consumer behavior[J].Journal of Political Economy,1970(78):311-329
    2 Darby, Michael R,Karni, Edi.Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud[J]. Journal of Law & Economics.1973,16(4):67-88
    1 Akerlof. The Market for "Lemons":Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1970,84(8,),488-500.
    1黄南.政府垫资扶老小区物管——白下区试推“垫资+考核”模式解决出新小区物管费难收问题.扬子晚报.2008-3-6
    1. Akerlof. The Market for "Lemons":Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1970,84 (8),488-500.
    2. Alamdari, Fariba. Regional development in airlines and travel agents relationship [J]. Journal of Air Transport Management,2002,8:339-348.
    3. Anderson, Eugene W. Customer satisfaction and price tolerance [J]. Marketing Letters,1996,7: 265-275
    4. Andreas Herrmann, Frank Huber, K. Sivakumar, Martin Wricke. An empirical analysis of the determinants of price tolerance [J]. Psychology & Marketing,2004,21 (7):533-551
    5. Andreas Herrmann, Frank Huber, K. Sivakumar. An empirical analysis of the determinants of price tolerance [J]. Psychology & Marketing,2004,21 (7):533-551
    6. Bloemer J, Ruyter R D. Customer loyalty in high and low involvement settings:the moderating impact of positive settings[J]. Journal of Marketing Management,1999,15:315-330
    7. Churchill Jr., Gilbert A. Surprenant, Carol. An Investigation into the Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research,1982,19:491-504
    8. Cornin J J Jr, Taylor S A. Measuring service quality:A reexamination and extension[J]. Journal of Marketing,1992,56 (3):55-68.
    9. Crozier, Michel. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon [M]. Chicago:University of Chicago,1985, (3): 23
    10. Darby, Michael R, Karni, Edi. Free Competition and the Optimal Amount of Fraud[J]. Journal of Law & Economics.1973,16 (4):67-88
    11. Dennis. C. Mueller, Publick. Estatet[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 1989: 238
    12. Eklof Jan A, Westlund, Anders h. Customer Satisfaction Index and Its Role in Quality Management [J], Total Quality Management,1998.9 (4).80-86
    13. Engel, Blackwell and Miniard, Consumer Behavior[J], Prentice-Hall,1995,8.48-56
    14. F. K. Wang, Norma F. Hubele, Frederick P. Lawrence, Comparison of Three Multivariate Process Capability Indices[J], Journal of Quality Technology,2000,32(3).263-275。
    15.G.J 施蒂格勒[美].产业组织和政府管制[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1996
    16. Gabor, Andre; Granger, Clive W. J. Sowter, Anthony P. Comments on Psychophysics of prices. Journal of Marketing Research,1971,8(2):251-253
    17. Gregory. A. The Road to Integration:Reflections on the Development of Organizational Evaluation, Theory and Practice[J],Omega,1996.24(3),295-307
    18. Gronroos, C. Relationship Marketing: Challenges for the Organization. Journal of Business Research,1999.46, (3) 327-335.
    19. Hall. Mary-Jo. The American Customer Satisfaction Index[J], Public Manager,2002.31(1).23-270
    20. Harold D. lasswell, A Pre-view of Policy Sciences[M]. New York:American Elsevier,1971, (5):365
    21. Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky. Measuring the Involvement Construct[J]. The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.12, No.3 (Dec.,1985),341-352
    22. K. L. Ralph&J. Drtina. The growth and development of real estate markets in Europe [J]. Journal of Foreign Estate Market.1998, (5)
    23. Kamen, Joseph M. Toman, Robert J. Psychophysics of prices. Journal of Marketing Research, 1970,7 (1):27-35
    24. Krugman, HE. The measurement of advertising involvement[J]. Public Opinion Quarterly,1967, 30 (Win.):583-596.
    25. Lall Sanjaya. Competitiveness Indexes and Developing Countries:An Economic Evaluation of the Global Competitiveness Report[J], World Development,200129(9),1501-1525
    26. Lan Xia, Kent B. Monroe, Jennifer L. Cox. The Price Is Unfair! A Conceptual Framework of Price Fairness Perceptions[J]. Journal of Marketing,2004,12:1-15
    27. Lichtenstein D, Bloch P Black W Correlates of price acceptability[J]. Journal of Consumer Research,1988,15:243-252
    28. Monroe, Kent B. Psychophysics of prices:a reappraisal. Journal of Marketing Research,1971, 8(2):248-251
    29. Nelson, P. Information and consumer behavior[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1970 (78): 311-329
    30. Nwokoye, Nonyelu G. An experimental study of the relationship between responses to price changes and the price level for shoes. Advances in Consumer Research,1975,2 (1):693-704
    31. Oliver R L, Swan J;. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions: a field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing,1989,53:21-35
    32. Oliver R L, Swan J. Consumer perceptions of interpersonal equity and satisfaction in transactions: a field survey approach[J]. Journal of Marketing,1989,53:21-35
    33. Parasuraman A, Zeithaml V, Berry L. A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research[J]. Journal of Marketing,1985,49 (4):41-50.
    34. Peter wolf. Public Policy[M]. Cambridge:Winthrop Publishers, Ins,1987:265
    35. Richard A. Posner[美].法律的经济学分析[M].北京:我国社会科学出版社,1999,12
    36. Stapel, Jan. Fair or psychophysics pricing. Journal of Marketing Research,1972,9(1):101-103
    37. Voss G B, Grewal D, Parasuraman determining satisfaction. The role of price, performance and expectations in service exchanges[J]. Journal of Marketing,1998,62:46-61
    38. Zachary G. Stoumbos. Process capability indices:overview and extensions[J], Nonlinear Analysis, Real World Application,2002.3 (2),191-210
    39. Zifcak, Spencer. New Managerialism:Adminidistrative Reform in Whitehall and Canberra[M]. Buckingham:open University Press.1994:12
    40.埃瑞克,鲁道夫编,孙经纬译.新制度经济学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,1998:11
    41.彼得·德鲁克[美].组织的管理[M].王伯言.沈国华译.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2003
    42.蔡诗,物业管理实务与操作[M],西南财经大学出版社,2003
    43.陈德豪.当前我国物业管理存在的问题及解决对策[J].经济师,2005, (7):136-137
    44.陈枫.论物业管理中业主“投票权”的确定与行使[J].物业管理,2005, (2):23
    45.陈国权.模糊数学在经济管理中的应用[M].安徽科学技术出版社,1982
    46.戴为民.我国物业管理中存在的问题及对策[[J].特区经济,2005,(5): 23-24
    47.丹尼斯·卡尔顿,杰弗里·佩罗夫.现代产业组织[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1998.
    48.道格拉斯.格林沃尔德[美].经济百科全书[M].北京:我国社会科学出版社,1992
    49.丁芸,谭善勇编著.城市物业管理案例精选与解析[M].我国建筑工业出版社,2003
    50.杜伟.物业管理需进行经营理念创新[J].价格月刊,2001(4):3-5
    51.杜辛.中外物业公司经营管理特点分析[[J].消费日报,2004.11.17
    52.段本海,中小物业管理企业发展战略研究[D].我国人民大学2004,硕士学位论文,26
    53.多纳德.海,德理克.莫瑞斯[英].产业经济学与组织[M1.北京:经济科学出版社,2001
    54.菲利普,科特勒,洪瑞云,梁绍明等.市场营销管理[M].北京:我国人民大学出版社,1998
    55.符启林著.房地产法[M].法律出版社.2004
    56.高鸿业主编.西方经济学(上册微观部分)[M].北京:我国经济出版社,1998
    57.顾志敏,陈伯庚.物业管理与服务关系探讨[[J].我国物业管理,2003.2
    58.关汉雄.物业管理单位在社区建设中的地位和作用[J].深圳市物业管理协会网2003
    59.郭永丰.论进一步规范深圳的物业管理[J],特区经济,2000(4):21-22
    60.哈罗德·孔茨,海因克.韦里克[美],郝国华,金慰祖等译.管理学(九版)[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1993
    61.韩帕岚.MBA管理学——方法与艺术[M].中共中央党校出版社,1998
    62.韩勇,谭忠富.合作博弈方法在输电费用分配中的应用[M].北京:华北电力大学学报,2004(1),74
    63.何轩,博弈论在动态竞争分析中的应用[D],西安,西安交通大学,2006,6
    64.侯翠花.物业管理市场化初探[J].石河子科技.2001,1
    65.胡代光.国外学者评议当代西方经济学.经济改革与发展[J].1996,5:12-14
    66.黄安永.构建物业管理质量评价体系思考[J].我国房地产.2002,10
    67.黄安永.信息不对称与物业管理服务标准.深圳市物业管理协会网2003年10月28日。
    68.黄安永编著.现代房地产物业管理[M].东南大学出版社,2003,6:261
    69.黄国铭.试论业主大会和业主委员会的法律定位[[J].福建工程学院学报,2005(2): 56
    70.黄南.政府垫资扶老小区物管——白下区试推“垫资+考核”模式解决出新小区物管费难收问题.扬子晚报.2008-3-6
    71.蒋晓芸,王齐.企业核心能力测度的多层次模糊综合评判数学模型[J].经济数学.2003.1
    72.李东风.智能化建筑与物业管理[J].住宅与房地产.2002,11
    73.李连法,陈日辉.物业管理创名牌要抓四个关键点[J].经济论坛,2004, (2): 12
    74.李听.创物业管理品牌[J].我国机关后勤.2002,8
    75.李旭阳,郑光豹.模糊综合评判法在企业执行力评价中的应用[J].重庆工学院学报(社会科学版),2007,7
    76.李延荣,梁宇.物业管理风险的成因及对策[J].法学杂志.2006,(1)
    77.李永权.谈物业管理企业的服务意识[J].洛阳工业高等专科学校学报,2003,2
    78.李云.部分地区物业管理市场现状调查[J].物业管理.2003,5
    79.李钊.酬金制与物业管理的阳光财务[[J].我国物业管理,2003.6
    80.梁志东.物业管理重在创新[J].辽宁商务职业学院学报(社会科学版),2003(1):20-21
    81.梁柱.深圳发展物业管理的优势条件及成功经验[J].我国房地产,2000(11)
    82.梁柱.我国物业管理理论探索与实践[M].我国经济出版社,2003
    83.廖俊平,刘卫红,张学志等.物业管理产权理论分析.深圳物业管理网,2003年9月27日。
    84.林凤祥.城市社区物业管理公共产品的生产[J].福建论坛(经济社会版).2003,1
    85.刘昌兵.物业管理企业“弱势地位”境况解剖[J].我国物业管理,2004.3
    86.刘昌兵.物业管理巫需管理服质量评枯[J].物业管理,2005(9): 23
    87.刘承平,谢季坚.模糊数学方法及其应用[M],武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000
    88.刘黎虹.物业管理模式的分析与探索[J],长春工程学院学报,2001,2(3):29-31
    89.刘青云、王锋,国内外物业管理基本特征对比[J].中外房地产导报.2000,(3)
    90.刘小玲等编.我国物业管理实务指南[M].北京燕山出版社,1996
    91.刘云腾.环境心理与物业管理[J].住宅科技,2000(8):39-42
    92.卢国礼.香港物业管理[M].翁虹宇译,广州:中山大学出版社,1998
    93.罗伯特·C·恺尔、FM·贝尔德等.物业管理:案例与分析[M].北京:中信出版社.2001
    94.马丽涛.试析物业管理存在的问题及对策[J].北方经贸.2001,2
    95.马万里.物业社区一体化管理的探索与研究.深圳市物业管理协会网2003年10月28日。
    96.倪凤友.内地物业管理现状与发展趋势.我国房地产报
    97.倪升.2003年房地产物业管理新理念:手机信息服务平台[J].我国住宅设施,2003(3):2931
    98.诺思[美],厉以平译.经济史上的结构和变革(汉译名著)[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003,1
    99.帕尔·科尔斯.数理论与经济现实[M].北京:我国统计出版社.1990.
    100.齐坚.物业管理教程[M].同济大学出版社,2004
    101.邱海清.促进物业管理市场的健康发展[J].经济论坛,2002,1
    102.尚国胜,许小冬.住宅区物业管理的体制、机制和市场建设[J].城市研究,2000(3)34-37
    103.施锡锉著,博弈论[M],上海:上海财经大学出版社,2000
    104.石义霞.我国住宅小区物业管理问题之分析[J].我国房地产金融,2002,9
    105.石正林,王海著.对物业服务收费酬金制包干制的几点思考[[J].我国物业管理,2003,6
    106.史普博[美].管制与市场[M].余辉,何帆,钱家骏等译,上海:上海人民出版社,1999.
    107.思拉恩·埃格特森[冰].新制度经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996
    108.斯蒂格利茨,经济学中译本(上册)[M],北京:我国人民大学出版社,1997
    109.斯蒂格利茨[美].政府经济学[M].北京:春秋出版社,1988:95-05,210
    110.斯坦利.海曼[英].协会管理[M].北京:我国经济出版,1985
    111.宋晶,郭凤侠主编.管理学原理[M].东北财经大学出版社,2004
    112.孙慧钧.指数理论研究[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社.1998.
    113.谭善勇.物业管理实务[M].北京:我国林业出版社,2000
    114.谭善勇.智能住宅小区需要智能化物业管理[J].南方房地产.2002,11
    115.汪本聪,邹锐.论新时期物业管理的创新[[J].经济师,2005,(6):23
    116.王国成,竞争对策:博弈论在企业经营管理中的应用[M],北京:企业管理出版社,1997,4
    117.王国强.欠发达地区城市物业管理现状及对策研究[J].住宅与发展.2003,2
    118.王桓.浅谈加强房地产开发中的物业管理[J].安徽农业大学学报.2001,J
    119.王家福.物业管理条例解释[M].我国物价出版社,2003
    120.王苹,满孝青.论我国物业管理现状及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版,2003,25(4):120-122
    121.王青兰,齐坚.物业管理理论与实务[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1998
    122.王青兰.环境心理研究——居住环境质量评价与物业管理[D].华东师范大学1994年博士学位论文,133-134
    123.王青兰.物业管理导论[M].我国建筑工业出版社,2000
    124.王青兰.物业管理的满意度测评[[J].中外房地产导报,2003,(1):41-42
    125.王石.招投标催生物业管理行业市场化[[J].我国物业管理,2004.3
    126.王淑军.现阶段我国物业管理存在的问题及其对策[J].集团经济研究,2004,(12):12
    127.王晓绿.深圳社区建设与物业管理分析[J].经济前沿,2002(6)
    128.王秀云,李莉编著.物业管理[M].机械工业出版社,2004
    129.王则柯,博弈论平话[M],我国经济出版社,2000,11
    130.王则柯,信息经济学浅说[M],北京:我国经济出版社,2000,6
    131.王筝,第五惠琴.当前河南物业管理行业存在的问题[J].河南商业高等专科学校学报,2001.9:25-26
    132.王中宁.浅议“酬金制”[J].我国物业管理,2003.6
    133.威廉姆森[美].生产的纵向一体化:市场失灵的考察[A].企业制度与市场组织——交易.费用经济学文选[M].上海:上海三联书店上海人民出版社,1996:11-12
    134.翁国强.美国物业管理的主要特点及其楼宇星级管理模式[J].我国物业管理,2003.2
    135.吴冬.谈谈住宅产业的现代化[[J].经济论坛,2005,(2):25
    136.吴士余,高英仪,杨伦标.模糊数学:原理及应用[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1995
    137.肖丽华.物业管理企业顾客价值评价指标体系的构建[J].商场现代化,2007,30
    138.谢家谨、季如进等.物业管理概论[M].北京:我国物价出版社.1996
    139.谢识予编著,经济博弈论[M],上海:复旦大学出版社,1997
    140.徐晓音.浅谈物业管理效益评价指标体系[J].经济师.2000,06
    141.亚当·斯密[英].国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974:252-253
    142.杨燕敏,李兰英.试析物业管理项目招投标[[J].我国房地产,2005, (4): 57
    143.杨永康.物业管理[M].我国物价出版社,2003
    144.杨振标,杨戟,陈德豪等.物业管理实务[M].中山大学出版社,2000
    145.叶天泉,柴保国,刘敏.论物业管理品牌发展战略[J].我国房地产,2003,(5):58
    146.叶天泉,刘湛深,安旗.论我国物业管理可持续发展战略[J].我国房地产,2000,1.
    147.叶天泉.关于物业管理企业走集团化发展道路的构想.物业管理探索[M].北京:我国计量出版社,2003,70
    148.尹伯成.人性化服务:21世纪物业管理的全新理念[J].探索与争鸣,2002(12):31-32
    149.尹国森,尹国辉.物业管理经营体制的转变[J].北方经贸,2004(3):88
    150.袁志发,周静芋.多元统计分析[M]. 科学出版社,2002.188-215
    151.张光曦,钟建安.居民对通货膨胀引起的商品房涨价的公平感研究[J].应用心理学,2006,12(4),356-360
    152.张剑萍,顾孟迪.浅论入世后我国物业管理的发展与完善[J].技术经济与管理研究,2002,8
    153.张沈生.当前物业管理行业急需解决的问题[J].工业技术经济,2002,4:33-34
    154.张维迎著,博弈论与信息经济学[M],上海:上海人民出版社,1996,8
    155.张五常.经济解释[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001
    156.张宪荣.如何提高物业管理服务质量[J].经济师,2005, (9): 284
    157.张学银,王宏,白莉.我国物业管理面临的挑战及对策[[J].煤炭经济研究,2003 (5)20
    158.张兆响,司千字主编.管理学[M].清华大学出版社,2004
    159.赵涛主编.物业经营管理:理论,案例,制度·实务[M].北京工业大学出版社,2004
    160.赵万华.物业管理企业核心竞争力模糊综合评价——以BP神经网络为基础[J].经济论坛.2005,08
    161.赵翔.新世纪我国物业管理发展方向[J].山西财政税务专科学校学报,2003,5(3):51-53
    162.赵自强,张斌.服务创新与物业管理品牌的培育[J].我国房地产,2004(5): 67
    163.植益草[日]:《微观规制经济学》[M],我国展望出版社,1992
    164.我国建设部房地产司.我国物业管理实务[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社.1995
    165.周京荣.物业管理行业在国民经济中的地位与作用[J].理论学习,2005,8:76
    166.周三多,陈传明,鲁名利.管理学—原理与方法[M].复旦大学出版社,1999
    167.周树基.美国物业产权制度与物业管理.北京大学出版社,2005
    168.周树基.美国物业产权制度与物业管理[M].北京大学出版社,2005,82
    169.朱·弗登博格、让·梯若尔著,博弈论[M],北京,我国人民大学出版社,2006,1
    170.邹洪芬.论物业管理中的住宅区文化建设[J].江南论坛,2002(7)
    171.邹益华.海外物业管理[M].南京:东南大学出版社.2001

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700