苏尼特羊宰后肌肉品质及其变化规律的研究
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摘要
本研究通过测定在4℃贮藏条件下的6～9月龄和14～18月龄的苏尼特羊和小尾寒羊的宰后斜方肌、股二头肌、里脊肌肉和背最长肌的屠宰性能(pH值、色泽、失水率)、理化指标(蛋白质含量、胆固醇含量、糖原含量、TBA值)、食用品质(剪切值、熟肉率、肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度)等三个方面指标,并与小尾寒羊的相应指标对比研究,用科学的数据证明了苏尼特羊肉的优良品质,并分析出品种、年龄、部位因素对宰后肌肉品质及其变化规律的影响,为今后苏尼特羊的研究及推广提供了有利的科学依据。
研究表明:与成年羊相比,苏尼特羔羊肌肉A值比成年羊肌肉高55.1%、失水率比成年羊低20.8%、蛋白质含量和糖原含量比成年羊肉低7.3%和17.6%、胆固醇含量高于成年羊肌肉29.4%、羔羊剪切值比成年羊肌肉剪切值低19.9%、熟肉率低7.4%、肌纤维直径小8.0%、肌纤维密度高47.0%。苏尼特羊的肉品色泽、保水性能,可溶性蛋白质含量、熟肉率、胆固醇含量、糖原含量均优于小尾寒羊,同时苏尼特羊肌肉在质地和组织结构,肌纤维细腻程度、剪切值等方面也优于小尾寒羊。苏尼特羔羊表现出很好的食用品质,但理化指标不如成年羊。在苏尼特羊不同部位中股二头肌的屠宰性质和理化指标、贮存性能都较理想,但其嫩度较差,而里脊肌肉口感最好。
Sunit mutton was classified in different ages (6-9 month, 14-18 month) and different parts (front shoulder muscle, tenderloin, longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris), and stored in 4℃conditions. We tested slaughter quality , physicochemical quality and edible quality at per 24h for 5 days. The parallel sample was Small fat-tail sheep meat. The measured data proved that Sunit mutton’good quality. At the same time, we analyzed the influence of breed, age and anatomic parts on mutton quality.
The results indicated that Sunit muscle had bright luster, rich elasticity, good water holding capability, high protein content, high cooked meat rate, low cholesterol content and high glycogen content. Sunit sheep muscle also had the good quality of material and the organizational structure, the exquisite muscle fiber, the small shearing force. It explained Sunit mutton not only had more ideal outward appearance request and fine storing stability, but also had delicate juiciness and good edible quality.
研究表明:与成年羊相比,苏尼特羔羊肌肉A值比成年羊肌肉高55.1%、失水率比成年羊低20.8%、蛋白质含量和糖原含量比成年羊肉低7.3%和17.6%、胆固醇含量高于成年羊肌肉29.4%、羔羊剪切值比成年羊肌肉剪切值低19.9%、熟肉率低7.4%、肌纤维直径小8.0%、肌纤维密度高47.0%。苏尼特羊的肉品色泽、保水性能,可溶性蛋白质含量、熟肉率、胆固醇含量、糖原含量均优于小尾寒羊,同时苏尼特羊肌肉在质地和组织结构,肌纤维细腻程度、剪切值等方面也优于小尾寒羊。苏尼特羔羊表现出很好的食用品质,但理化指标不如成年羊。在苏尼特羊不同部位中股二头肌的屠宰性质和理化指标、贮存性能都较理想,但其嫩度较差,而里脊肌肉口感最好。
Sunit mutton was classified in different ages (6-9 month, 14-18 month) and different parts (front shoulder muscle, tenderloin, longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris), and stored in 4℃conditions. We tested slaughter quality , physicochemical quality and edible quality at per 24h for 5 days. The parallel sample was Small fat-tail sheep meat. The measured data proved that Sunit mutton’good quality. At the same time, we analyzed the influence of breed, age and anatomic parts on mutton quality.
The results indicated that Sunit muscle had bright luster, rich elasticity, good water holding capability, high protein content, high cooked meat rate, low cholesterol content and high glycogen content. Sunit sheep muscle also had the good quality of material and the organizational structure, the exquisite muscle fiber, the small shearing force. It explained Sunit mutton not only had more ideal outward appearance request and fine storing stability, but also had delicate juiciness and good edible quality.
引文
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2 朱继瑞,张治良.养肉品的营养保健功能[J].肉品营养,1998,Vol.9:23-24
3 武建晔.羊肉加工利用现状[J].肉类工业,1996,Vol.9:21-23
4 王 锐 , 何 永 涛 , 赵 凤 立 . 国 内 外 肉 羊 生 产 的 现 状 及 发 展 趋 向 [J]. 浙 江 畜 牧 兽医,2005,Vol.2:14- 15
5 张瑛,汤天彬,王庆普,王晓云.我国肉羊业生产现状及发展战略[J].吉林畜牧兽医,2005, Vol.3:3-5
6 杨富民.国内羊肉品质分析研究进展[J].甘肃科技,2003,Vol.19(2):33-34
7 曾 勇 庆 , 王 慧 . 小 尾 寒 羊 肉 品 氨 基 酸 和 矿 物 质 营 养 特 性 研 究 [J]. 草 食 家畜,2000,Vol.2:15-18
8 张燕婉.氨基酸分析仪法测定肉食品中牛磺酸含量[J].肉类研究,1996,Vol.1:37-39
9 侯 明 迪 , 曾 士 远 . 肉 与 肉 制 品 质 量 的 生 化 鉴 定 法 [J]. 食 品 科学,2000,Vol.12:20-23
10 张国利,郑明光,周志江,欧阳红生,张让堂,卢强.聚合酶链反应(PCR)鉴定羊肉方法的建立及应用[J].肉品卫生,1996,Vol.2:1-3
11 陈韬,彭和禄,谭丽勤,叶绍辉,陈文.龙陵黄山羊屠宰性能及肉质研究[J].云南农业大学学报. 1996,Vol.11(3):162-167
12 陈韬,谭丽勤,范江平,葛长荣,刘光雄.放牧条件下圭山山羊产肉性能及肉质特性[J].云南畜牧兽医,1996,Vol.4:12-13
13 陈韬,范江平,葛长荣.放牧条件下云岭山羊屠宰性能及肉质[J].云南农业大学学报,1999, Vol.14(3):58-62
14 曾勇庆,孙玉民,王慧,李同树.青山羊肉品理化性状及其食用品质的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,Vol.30(4):384-389
15 曾勇庆,王慧,储明星.小尾寒羊肉品理化性状及食用品质的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000, Vol.36(3):6-8
16 吴伟,孙飞丹,孙云农.百日龄羔羊肉质分析[J].肉类研究,2000,Vol.4:48-49
17 刘海珍.青海藏羊肉的品质特性研究[J].畜产品,2005,Vol.25(4):57-58
18 曾志宏.肉的品质与 pH 值的相关性[J].肉类工业,2001,Vol.1:31-32
19 孙福.风味悠悠烤羊腿[J].烹调知识,2003,Vol.4:27
20 王泽文.苏尼特羊与涮羊肉[J].吃的科学,1996,Vol.16(4):40-41
21 吉尔嘎拉,满达,姚明,斯日古楞,王志新,王乃凤.苏尼特羊肉的营养和保健价值的研究[J].中国草食动物,2005,Vol.25(3):55-56
22 乌兰塔娜,玛丽娜,德力格尔桑.气相色谱-质谱联用法分析苏尼特羔羊肉中共轭亚油酸含量[J].食品研究与开发,2005,Vol.26(4):117-122
23 吴庶青,侯先志,敖长金,王志新,那仁巴图,赵志恭,张津校.苏尼特羊妊娠后期限制饲养对其羔羊初生重的影响[J].动物营养学报,2003,Vol.15(4):59-62
24 达布西,金凤,德庆哈拉,菊林花,伊毕.苏尼特成年母羊体重与体尺的通径分析[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,2002,Vol.5:15-17
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