微电网中微源的能量管理及分散控制研究
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摘要
由于区域互联、电力工业重组以及对电力需求的不断增加，现代电力系统已成为越来越复杂的广域大系统。近年来发生的世界上多起大面积的停电事故暴露出了大电网的弊端。尤其是电力用户对供电的安全性和可靠性的要求越来越高，使得大电网无法满足这些要求。因此，分布式发电以其对环境污染少，可靠性高，能源利用率高，安装地点灵活等特点，得到了广泛的应用。为了充分发挥分布式发电的优势，在分布式发电领域产生了“微电网”的概念。在微电网的研究中，控制、优化和保护等问题一直是研究的热点。
本文采用微电网的分层控制方案，包括上层能量管理优化控制和下层微源逆变接口的分散控制。对于上层能量管理优化控制，构建了以运行经济效益最大化和污染排放最小化的综合目标函数，并通过二次罚函数法使有约束优化变为无约束优化问题，采用改进的粒子群优化算法，确定各分布式发电单元的最优功率分派，使微电网运行状态达到整体最优。针对下层微源逆变接口的分散控制，首先建立了单相并网微电网系统状态空间数学模型，设计了参数不确定性的鲁棒H∞状态反馈控制器，给出系统稳定及控制器存在的充分条件。并将该控制问题转换为线性矩阵不等式的凸优化问题，通过MATLAB工具箱可求出控制器参数和最小H∞性能指标，最终实现并网控制。最后对微电网并网模型和上层优化控制进行了仿真验证其有效性。
Along with the large scale system interaction, the power industry restructuring andcontinuous increase of power demands, modern power systems have become more andmore complex wide-area large-scale systems and operated more and more close to theirmaximum operation conditions. Due to depletion of fossil fuels and their possible pollu-tion to the environment, the conventional energy sources are limited and more attentionand interest has been paid on the utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind en-ergy, fuel cells and solar energy etc. In order to give full play to the advantages of distrib-uted generation, scholars put forward the concept of microgrid. In the microgrid operation,control and protection problem is the difficulty of research.
This paper adopts microgrid stratification control scheme, including upper energymanagement optimization control and lower decentralized control of inverter interfacedmicrosource. For the upper energy management optimization control, we construct theobjective formulation based on the costs of operation, maintenance and fuel cost, thenchange the constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization problems through thetwo penalty function method, finally using improved particle swarm optimization algo-rithm to determine the optimal power allocation of distributed generation units. For thelower decentralized control of inverter interfaced microsource, combining the state-spacemodel and robust H∞control theory, the uncertainty robust H∞control method is proposed,as well as the sufficient condition for the system stability and existence of controllers. Thecontrol problem is changed into an LMI convex optimization problem which can be ob-tained by MATLAB toolbox. Finally, the simulation verified effectiveness of the controlscheme.
本文采用微电网的分层控制方案，包括上层能量管理优化控制和下层微源逆变接口的分散控制。对于上层能量管理优化控制，构建了以运行经济效益最大化和污染排放最小化的综合目标函数，并通过二次罚函数法使有约束优化变为无约束优化问题，采用改进的粒子群优化算法，确定各分布式发电单元的最优功率分派，使微电网运行状态达到整体最优。针对下层微源逆变接口的分散控制，首先建立了单相并网微电网系统状态空间数学模型，设计了参数不确定性的鲁棒H∞状态反馈控制器，给出系统稳定及控制器存在的充分条件。并将该控制问题转换为线性矩阵不等式的凸优化问题，通过MATLAB工具箱可求出控制器参数和最小H∞性能指标，最终实现并网控制。最后对微电网并网模型和上层优化控制进行了仿真验证其有效性。
Along with the large scale system interaction, the power industry restructuring andcontinuous increase of power demands, modern power systems have become more andmore complex wide-area large-scale systems and operated more and more close to theirmaximum operation conditions. Due to depletion of fossil fuels and their possible pollu-tion to the environment, the conventional energy sources are limited and more attentionand interest has been paid on the utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind en-ergy, fuel cells and solar energy etc. In order to give full play to the advantages of distrib-uted generation, scholars put forward the concept of microgrid. In the microgrid operation,control and protection problem is the difficulty of research.
This paper adopts microgrid stratification control scheme, including upper energymanagement optimization control and lower decentralized control of inverter interfacedmicrosource. For the upper energy management optimization control, we construct theobjective formulation based on the costs of operation, maintenance and fuel cost, thenchange the constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization problems through thetwo penalty function method, finally using improved particle swarm optimization algo-rithm to determine the optimal power allocation of distributed generation units. For thelower decentralized control of inverter interfaced microsource, combining the state-spacemodel and robust H∞control theory, the uncertainty robust H∞control method is proposed,as well as the sufficient condition for the system stability and existence of controllers. Thecontrol problem is changed into an LMI convex optimization problem which can be ob-tained by MATLAB toolbox. Finally, the simulation verified effectiveness of the controlscheme.
引文
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[16]刘飞,徐鹏威,陈国强,等.基于LCL滤波器的三相光伏并网控制系统研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(8): 965-970.
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[24] P Biczel. Power Electronic Converters in DC MicroGrid[C]//5th International ConferenceWorkshop. Compatibility in Power Electronics, Poland, 2007: 208-213.
[25] B Kroposki, C Pink, J Lynch. Development of a higll-speed static switch for distributed energyand Microgrid applications[C]//Fourth Power Conversion Conference, Nagoya, Japan, 2007:1418-1423.
[26] C K Sao, P W Lehn. Intentional islanded operation of converter fed microgrids[C]//IEEE PowerEngineering Society General Meeting, Canada, 2006: 1-6.
[27] A Amlampalam, M Barnes, A Engler. Control of power electronic interfaces in distributedgeneration MicroGrids[J]. International Journal of Electronics, 2004(91): 503-523.
[28] S Morozumi. Microgrid demonstration projects in Japan[C]//Fourth Power ConversionConference-NAGOYA, Japan, 2007: 635-642.
[29]李亚西,武鑫,赵斌,许洪华.世界风力发电现状与发展趋势[J].太阳能, 2004(1): 6-7.
[30] Benjanmin Kroposki, Robert Margolis, Dan Ton.太阳能发电技术的应用与发展[J].上海电力,2009, 25(4): 336-340.
[31]赵豫,于尔铿.新型微型燃气轮机的特点与应用前景[J].热能与动力工程, 2003, 18(104):111-116.
[32]张颖颖,曹广益,朱新坚.燃料电池一有前途的分布式发电技术[J].电网技术, 2005, 29(2):57-61.
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[36]摆世彬.微型电网控制技术的研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文, 2008.
[37] Thacker TN. Control of Power Conversion Systems for the Intentional Islanding of DistributedGeneration Units[D]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Master of Science,2005.
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