陕北瓦窑堡油田中山川油区长6储层评价与建模
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摘要
瓦窑堡油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡中部,主要含油层位为上三叠统延长组长2、长4+5和长6油层,为一构造平缓的特低-超低渗碎屑岩储层油田,目前处于开发早期。本论文以油田主力含油层系长6油层为主要研究对象,综合利用钻井、测井及各类分析化验资料,以现代储层评价理论与技术为平台,对长6油层沉积微相、储层岩石学及成岩作用、储层孔隙结构及物性特征、储层非均质性及敏感性进行了研究。研究表明,瓦窑堡油田长6油层位于安塞子长三角洲亚相带上,可划分为4种沉积微相,分别为分流河道和分流间洼,以及水下分流河道和分流间湾,分流河道和水下分流河道是最有利的沉积相带;储层的岩石类型为灰色-灰褐色的岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩;成岩作用类型主要有压实及压溶作用和胶结作用;储层储集类型以溶孔为主,次为粒间孔,孔隙组合主要是溶孔-粒间孔型;储层的孔隙度平均值为10.7%,渗透率平均值为1.2×10-3μm2,为低孔、特低渗储层;储层的非均质性表现为油气分布在纵向上和平面上均存在极度的不均衡性;储层的敏感性特征表现为矛盾集中在应力敏感性与酸敏损害方面,碱敏、速敏是次要矛盾。结合常规中、高渗透储层评价的方法,采用渗透率、孔隙体积与颗粒体积之比、流动层段指标、平均孔吼半径、均质系数、和排驱压力,作为低渗透油藏储层评价指标体系,应用模糊综合评价方法,建立了特-超低渗储层评价方案,对长6储层进行综合评价,将研究区内储层分为4类,其中以Ⅱ类储层为主,其次为Ⅰ类储层。应用petrel建模软件,采用序贯指示模拟建立砂体骨架模型、构造模型、相模型和属性模型,为油田高效开发提供了依据。
Wayaobao oilfield located in the middle part of Shaanbei slope in Ordos Basin.Its main oil-bearing horizon were Chang 2 reservoir,chang 4+5 reservoir, and chang 6 reservior which are extra-ultra low permeability detrital reservior with flat structure, in the Triassic Yanchang formation. At present, the reservoirs are in the early development stage.
In this paper, made Chang 6 reservoir as the major study-target of the main oil-bearing series in the WaYaoBao oilfield. Comprehensively with utilization of drilling, logging and various analytical data, applying the modern theories and techniques of reservoir evaluation, the sedimentary microfacies, reservoir petrology and diagenesis, pore structure and physical properties characteristics of the Chang 6 reservoir were studied and reservoir heterogeneity and sensitivity have been made.The study shows that, Chang 6 reservior of wayaobao oilfield which located in the front facies belt of Ansai-Zichang delta can be divided into four sedimentary microfacies,which are inter-distributary channel, distributary depression , subaqueous distributary channel, and diversion among bay. The inter-distributary channel and Subaqueous distributary channel are the most favorable sedimentary facies.The type of the reservoir rock was from gray-brown to gray debris-feldspar sandstone and feldspar sandstone. Compaction,pressure solution and cementation were main types of diagenesis. Dissolution pore was the mainly saving type of reservoir and residual intergranular pore followed. Dissolution pore - intergranular pore was the main porous compositioni.The average value of the porosity and penetration rate of the reservoir were separately 10.7% and 1.2×10-3μm2. So Chang 6 reservoir was a low porosity and low permeability reservoir.The heterogeneity of the reservoir showed as extremely unbalanced nature of the oil and gas distribution performance in the vertical and plane.The sensitivity of the reservoir was characterized by contradictions on the stress sensitivity, acid sensitivity damage, alkali sensitivity and speed sensitivity as a secondary contradictions. Combined with conventional middle and high permeable reservoir evaluation method , made permeability ,ratios of pore volume to particle volume ,flowing zone index, pore-throat radius ,uniformity coefficient and threshold pressure as ultra-low permeability reservoir evaluation index system and the application of fuzzy mathematics to establish extra-ultra-low permeability reservoir evaluation index system and programs,the comprehensive evaluation of Chang 6 reservoir has been evaluated .The result of the comprehensive evaluation showed that Chang 6 reservoir in research area can be divided into 4 types and mainly belongs to theⅡchass reservoir, next was theⅠchass reservoir .Sandbody skeleton model, structural model, facies model and attribute model have been established through the applications of petrel modeling software and the adaptation of sequential indicator Simulation, which will provid foundation for the efficient development for the oilfield.
Wayaobao oilfield located in the middle part of Shaanbei slope in Ordos Basin.Its main oil-bearing horizon were Chang 2 reservoir,chang 4+5 reservoir, and chang 6 reservior which are extra-ultra low permeability detrital reservior with flat structure, in the Triassic Yanchang formation. At present, the reservoirs are in the early development stage.
In this paper, made Chang 6 reservoir as the major study-target of the main oil-bearing series in the WaYaoBao oilfield. Comprehensively with utilization of drilling, logging and various analytical data, applying the modern theories and techniques of reservoir evaluation, the sedimentary microfacies, reservoir petrology and diagenesis, pore structure and physical properties characteristics of the Chang 6 reservoir were studied and reservoir heterogeneity and sensitivity have been made.The study shows that, Chang 6 reservior of wayaobao oilfield which located in the front facies belt of Ansai-Zichang delta can be divided into four sedimentary microfacies,which are inter-distributary channel, distributary depression , subaqueous distributary channel, and diversion among bay. The inter-distributary channel and Subaqueous distributary channel are the most favorable sedimentary facies.The type of the reservoir rock was from gray-brown to gray debris-feldspar sandstone and feldspar sandstone. Compaction,pressure solution and cementation were main types of diagenesis. Dissolution pore was the mainly saving type of reservoir and residual intergranular pore followed. Dissolution pore - intergranular pore was the main porous compositioni.The average value of the porosity and penetration rate of the reservoir were separately 10.7% and 1.2×10-3μm2. So Chang 6 reservoir was a low porosity and low permeability reservoir.The heterogeneity of the reservoir showed as extremely unbalanced nature of the oil and gas distribution performance in the vertical and plane.The sensitivity of the reservoir was characterized by contradictions on the stress sensitivity, acid sensitivity damage, alkali sensitivity and speed sensitivity as a secondary contradictions. Combined with conventional middle and high permeable reservoir evaluation method , made permeability ,ratios of pore volume to particle volume ,flowing zone index, pore-throat radius ,uniformity coefficient and threshold pressure as ultra-low permeability reservoir evaluation index system and the application of fuzzy mathematics to establish extra-ultra-low permeability reservoir evaluation index system and programs,the comprehensive evaluation of Chang 6 reservoir has been evaluated .The result of the comprehensive evaluation showed that Chang 6 reservoir in research area can be divided into 4 types and mainly belongs to theⅡchass reservoir, next was theⅠchass reservoir .Sandbody skeleton model, structural model, facies model and attribute model have been established through the applications of petrel modeling software and the adaptation of sequential indicator Simulation, which will provid foundation for the efficient development for the oilfield.
引文
[1]杨华,付金华,喻建.陕北地区大型三角洲油藏富集规律及勘探技术应用.石油学报,2003,24(3):6-10
[2]杜庆龙.长庆樊家川油田剩余油精细描述及综合挖潜技术研究,长庆油田内部科研报告,2002.41-45
[3]徐守余.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.77-83
[4]Chang, M.M., Maerefat,N.L,Tomutsa,L.,Honarpour,M.M,‘Evaluation and Comparison of Residual Oil Saturation Determination Techniques’,SPE 14887
[5]M.H. Holtz,Douglas S. Hamilton,‘Reservoir Characterization Methodology to Identify Reserve Growth Potential‘SPE/DOE 35434
[6]A.B. Dixit, S.R. McDougall, K.S. Sorbie, J.S. Buckley,‘Pore Scale Modelling of Wettability Effects and Their Influence on Oil Recovery‘SPE/DOE 35451
[7]S.R. McDougall, K.S. Sorbie,‘The Impact of Wettability on Waterflooding: Pore-Scale Simulation’, SPE 25271
[8]刘国旗.河流相多层砂岩油藏剩余油描述及挖潜技术.大庆石油勘探与开发,2001 ,20 (5):34-37
[9]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模.地质出版社,2000.23-25
[10]付国民,孙来喜.长庆樊家川油田剩余油精细描述,思友公司内部科研报告,2002.48-50
[11]F.V. Abbots,A.D. van Kuijk,‘Using 3D Geological Modelling and Connectivity Analysis to Locate Remaining Oil Targets in the Brent Reservoir of the Mature Brent Field‘,SPE 38473
[12]尹太举.地下储层建筑结构预测模型的建立.西安石油学院学报,2000 ,17(3):14-16
[13]赵靖舟,吴少波,武富礼.论低渗透储层的分类与评价标准-以鄂尔多斯盆地为例,岩性油气藏,2007, 19(3):28-31
[14]赵虹,李文厚.安塞油田延长组长6油层组沉积微相特征.天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):59-60
[15]赵翰卿.大型河流三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法.石油学报. 2000,21 (4) :109-113
[16]李兴国.陆相储层沉积微相与微型构造.石油工业出版社,2000,4(1):12-13
[17]赫兰英.复合砂体单一河道单元识别方法研究,大庆油田内部报告,2000.26-28
[18]李红,柳益群,刘林玉.鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组长81低渗透储层成岩作用.石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(2): 209-217
[19]罗静兰,张晓莉,张云翔等.成岩作用对河流一三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响.沉积学报,2001,19(4): 54-56
[20]张金亮,林辉,司学强等.鄂尔多斯盆地王窑地区块上三叠统长6油层成岩作用研究.中国海洋大学学报, 2004, 34 (4): 625-635
[21]宋子齐,王静,路向伟等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法.油气地质与采收率, 2006, 13(2): 21-23
[22]Y. Huang, P.S. Ringrose and K.S. Sorbie,‘The Effects of Heterogeneity and Wettability on Oil Recovery from Laminated Sedimentary Structures‘,SPE 30781
[23]赵虹,党永潮等.安塞油田延长组储集层特征及物性影响因素分析.地球科学与环境学报, 2005, 27(4): 45-48
[24]尹昕,应文敏.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界低孔渗砂岩储层评价.矿物岩石, 2005, 25(2):104-109
[25]王家春,李旭欣.模糊综合评判法预测油层吸水状况.大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(3):43-49.
[26]王广运,黄兴艳,付志国.大庆喇萨杏油田萨零组油层模糊综合评判.大庆石油地质与开发,2003,2(5):22-24
[27]曾昭英,张大为,赵春森.夹层对低渗透油层开发效果的影响.水动力学研究与进2002,17(1): 108-115
[28]郭艳琴,李文厚,陈全红等.安塞油田上三叠统延长组长6油藏储集因素.西北大学学报,自然科学版, 2006, 36(4): 639-641
[29]赵应成,王天琦,田光荣等.低渗透油田富集区预测技术研究-以松辽盆地扶杨油层为例.岩性油气藏,2007, 19(1):21-26
[30]杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律,石油工业出版社.2002,10(1):8-10
[31]高剑波,庞雄奇,王志欣等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组碎屑岩储层低渗特征及含油性主控因素.中国石油大学学报,自然科学版, 2007, 31(1): 5-12
[32]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模.石油工业出版社, 2001.100-112
[33]伍友佳.油藏地质学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社, 2003, 21(2): 265-271
[34]刘波.储集层的两种今昔对比方法讨论,石油勘探与开发, 2001, 28(6):94-96 4
[35]Yann Gautier,Martin J. Blunt,’Nested Gridding and Streamline-Based Stimulation for Fast Reservoir Performance Prediction’, SPE51931,403-412
[36]Douglas S. Hamilton, Mark H. Holtz, Philip Ryles, etc,‘Approaches to Identifying Reservoir Heterogeneity and Reserve Growth Opportunities in a Continental-Scale Bed-Load Fluvial System:Hutton Sandstone, Jackson Field, Australia’, AAPG Bulletin, V.82, No.12, P.2192-2219
[37]胡雪涛,李允.储层沉积微相的随机模拟及其对比研究.西南石油学院学报,2000 ,22(1):22-23
[38]吴胜和,武军吕,李恕军等.安塞油田坪桥井区沉积微相二维建模研究.沉积学报,2003,22(1):16-18
[2]杜庆龙.长庆樊家川油田剩余油精细描述及综合挖潜技术研究,长庆油田内部科研报告,2002.41-45
[3]徐守余.现代油藏描述技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.77-83
[4]Chang, M.M., Maerefat,N.L,Tomutsa,L.,Honarpour,M.M,‘Evaluation and Comparison of Residual Oil Saturation Determination Techniques’,SPE 14887
[5]M.H. Holtz,Douglas S. Hamilton,‘Reservoir Characterization Methodology to Identify Reserve Growth Potential‘SPE/DOE 35434
[6]A.B. Dixit, S.R. McDougall, K.S. Sorbie, J.S. Buckley,‘Pore Scale Modelling of Wettability Effects and Their Influence on Oil Recovery‘SPE/DOE 35451
[7]S.R. McDougall, K.S. Sorbie,‘The Impact of Wettability on Waterflooding: Pore-Scale Simulation’, SPE 25271
[8]刘国旗.河流相多层砂岩油藏剩余油描述及挖潜技术.大庆石油勘探与开发,2001 ,20 (5):34-37
[9]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模.地质出版社,2000.23-25
[10]付国民,孙来喜.长庆樊家川油田剩余油精细描述,思友公司内部科研报告,2002.48-50
[11]F.V. Abbots,A.D. van Kuijk,‘Using 3D Geological Modelling and Connectivity Analysis to Locate Remaining Oil Targets in the Brent Reservoir of the Mature Brent Field‘,SPE 38473
[12]尹太举.地下储层建筑结构预测模型的建立.西安石油学院学报,2000 ,17(3):14-16
[13]赵靖舟,吴少波,武富礼.论低渗透储层的分类与评价标准-以鄂尔多斯盆地为例,岩性油气藏,2007, 19(3):28-31
[14]赵虹,李文厚.安塞油田延长组长6油层组沉积微相特征.天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):59-60
[15]赵翰卿.大型河流三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法.石油学报. 2000,21 (4) :109-113
[16]李兴国.陆相储层沉积微相与微型构造.石油工业出版社,2000,4(1):12-13
[17]赫兰英.复合砂体单一河道单元识别方法研究,大庆油田内部报告,2000.26-28
[18]李红,柳益群,刘林玉.鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组长81低渗透储层成岩作用.石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(2): 209-217
[19]罗静兰,张晓莉,张云翔等.成岩作用对河流一三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响.沉积学报,2001,19(4): 54-56
[20]张金亮,林辉,司学强等.鄂尔多斯盆地王窑地区块上三叠统长6油层成岩作用研究.中国海洋大学学报, 2004, 34 (4): 625-635
[21]宋子齐,王静,路向伟等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法.油气地质与采收率, 2006, 13(2): 21-23
[22]Y. Huang, P.S. Ringrose and K.S. Sorbie,‘The Effects of Heterogeneity and Wettability on Oil Recovery from Laminated Sedimentary Structures‘,SPE 30781
[23]赵虹,党永潮等.安塞油田延长组储集层特征及物性影响因素分析.地球科学与环境学报, 2005, 27(4): 45-48
[24]尹昕,应文敏.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田上古生界低孔渗砂岩储层评价.矿物岩石, 2005, 25(2):104-109
[25]王家春,李旭欣.模糊综合评判法预测油层吸水状况.大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(3):43-49.
[26]王广运,黄兴艳,付志国.大庆喇萨杏油田萨零组油层模糊综合评判.大庆石油地质与开发,2003,2(5):22-24
[27]曾昭英,张大为,赵春森.夹层对低渗透油层开发效果的影响.水动力学研究与进2002,17(1): 108-115
[28]郭艳琴,李文厚,陈全红等.安塞油田上三叠统延长组长6油藏储集因素.西北大学学报,自然科学版, 2006, 36(4): 639-641
[29]赵应成,王天琦,田光荣等.低渗透油田富集区预测技术研究-以松辽盆地扶杨油层为例.岩性油气藏,2007, 19(1):21-26
[30]杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律,石油工业出版社.2002,10(1):8-10
[31]高剑波,庞雄奇,王志欣等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组碎屑岩储层低渗特征及含油性主控因素.中国石油大学学报,自然科学版, 2007, 31(1): 5-12
[32]王家华,张团峰.油气储层随机建模.石油工业出版社, 2001.100-112
[33]伍友佳.油藏地质学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社, 2003, 21(2): 265-271
[34]刘波.储集层的两种今昔对比方法讨论,石油勘探与开发, 2001, 28(6):94-96 4
[35]Yann Gautier,Martin J. Blunt,’Nested Gridding and Streamline-Based Stimulation for Fast Reservoir Performance Prediction’, SPE51931,403-412
[36]Douglas S. Hamilton, Mark H. Holtz, Philip Ryles, etc,‘Approaches to Identifying Reservoir Heterogeneity and Reserve Growth Opportunities in a Continental-Scale Bed-Load Fluvial System:Hutton Sandstone, Jackson Field, Australia’, AAPG Bulletin, V.82, No.12, P.2192-2219
[37]胡雪涛,李允.储层沉积微相的随机模拟及其对比研究.西南石油学院学报,2000 ,22(1):22-23
[38]吴胜和,武军吕,李恕军等.安塞油田坪桥井区沉积微相二维建模研究.沉积学报,2003,22(1):16-18