阵列感应测井信号分析及处理研究
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摘要
随着电子技术、计算机技术和信号处理技术的迅猛发展,测井技术也不断更新换代。感应测井是一种通过电磁感应原理来研究地层特性的测井方法。阵列感应测井作为重要的电阻率测井方法,在整个测井事业中发挥着重要的作用。
本文首先论述了阵列感应测井基本理论,分析了国内外阵列感应测井的发展现状。几何因子理论是感应测井理论的基础,在综合前人研究的基础上,分析了Doll、Gianzero、Moran和Born等几种常用的几何因子建立的条件及其应用范围。重点介绍了阵列感应测井的信号处理过程,主要研究了信号处理过程中的预处理过程以及信号聚焦的问题。预处理过程中引用了IEEE754标准浮点数表示方法以及离散傅里叶变换方法。信号聚焦过程中,首先介绍了信号聚焦的理论推导过程,设计出了不同探测深度的真聚焦滤波器,大大减少了数据处理的容量。利用Tikhonov正则化方法求解病态的线性方程组,得到了病态方程组的最优解,即初步的真聚焦滤波器。通过硬约束等条件对初步的真聚焦滤波器进行处理,得到了最后的真聚焦滤波器。利用所得到的滤波器即可合成不同探测深度、不同纵向分辨率的测井曲线。
With the development of electronic technology, computer technology and information processing technology, many new logging technologies are brought out. Induction logging is a method of using electromagnetic principle to study the formation characteristics. As an important method of resistivity logging, Array induction plays an important role in the whole logging industry.
First of all, this paper discusses the basic theory of array induction logging, analyzes the development of domestic and international status of array induction logging. Geometrical factor theory is the theoretical basis of induction logging, on the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes establishment conditions and applications of Doll, Gianzero, Moran, and Born geometric factors. This paper focuses on signal processing of array induction logging, pre-processing and signal focusing process are mainly studied in this paper. IEEE754 standard floating-point arithmetic and Discrete Fourier Transform are cited in Pre-processing process. In the signal focusing process, introduces the derivation of signal focusing theory, designs filters of different depths, greatly improves the efficiency of the process. The solution is get from the linear equation using Regularization Method. The final filter can be obtained using hard-constraint method. Then True-Resolution Focusing curves that have different vertical resolution and depth of investigation can be composed.
本文首先论述了阵列感应测井基本理论,分析了国内外阵列感应测井的发展现状。几何因子理论是感应测井理论的基础,在综合前人研究的基础上,分析了Doll、Gianzero、Moran和Born等几种常用的几何因子建立的条件及其应用范围。重点介绍了阵列感应测井的信号处理过程,主要研究了信号处理过程中的预处理过程以及信号聚焦的问题。预处理过程中引用了IEEE754标准浮点数表示方法以及离散傅里叶变换方法。信号聚焦过程中,首先介绍了信号聚焦的理论推导过程,设计出了不同探测深度的真聚焦滤波器,大大减少了数据处理的容量。利用Tikhonov正则化方法求解病态的线性方程组,得到了病态方程组的最优解,即初步的真聚焦滤波器。通过硬约束等条件对初步的真聚焦滤波器进行处理,得到了最后的真聚焦滤波器。利用所得到的滤波器即可合成不同探测深度、不同纵向分辨率的测井曲线。
With the development of electronic technology, computer technology and information processing technology, many new logging technologies are brought out. Induction logging is a method of using electromagnetic principle to study the formation characteristics. As an important method of resistivity logging, Array induction plays an important role in the whole logging industry.
First of all, this paper discusses the basic theory of array induction logging, analyzes the development of domestic and international status of array induction logging. Geometrical factor theory is the theoretical basis of induction logging, on the basis of previous studies, this paper analyzes establishment conditions and applications of Doll, Gianzero, Moran, and Born geometric factors. This paper focuses on signal processing of array induction logging, pre-processing and signal focusing process are mainly studied in this paper. IEEE754 standard floating-point arithmetic and Discrete Fourier Transform are cited in Pre-processing process. In the signal focusing process, introduces the derivation of signal focusing theory, designs filters of different depths, greatly improves the efficiency of the process. The solution is get from the linear equation using Regularization Method. The final filter can be obtained using hard-constraint method. Then True-Resolution Focusing curves that have different vertical resolution and depth of investigation can be composed.
引文
[1]张庚骥,电法测井,山东:石油大学出版社,1996
[2] H.G. Doll. Introduction to induction logging and application to logging of wells drilled with oil base mud. Petroleum Transactions, AIME,V.1, No.6, 1949
[3] J.Xiao, D.Beard, B.Corley. Petrophysics-based resolution matching for induction logs. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series.No.13, Chapter 3, 2005
[4] J.Xiao, J.Buchanan, J.Bittar. A new asymmetrical array induction logging tool[C]. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.2006
[5]马火林,AIL阵列感应测井原理方法及应用研究[博士学位论文],北京:中国地质大学,2007
[6]刘春雅,新型阵列感应测井信号处理研究[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2007
[7]李淑霞,数字式感应测井理论研究与信号处理[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2004
[8]张珂,测井信号的采集与处理[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2006
[9]仵杰,胡启,汪文秉,阵列感应测井测量信号聚焦的研究及应用,测井技术,1997, 21(5): 310~317
[10] ]薛晓书,胡攸,感应测井信号处理方法的新设想,石油仪器,1994, 8(3): 153~156
[11]杨洋,董双波,电磁感应与感应测井,工科物理,1999, 9(3): 25~27
[12]仵杰,庞巨丰,徐景硕,感应测井几何因子理论及其应用研究,测井技术,2001, 25(6): 417~422
[13]郭华,曹卫东,朱宣国,感应测井趋肤效应校正方法,石油仪器,2004, 18(1): 58~59
[14] T.D Barber. A multiarray induction tool optimized for efficient well site operation.SPE.1995
[15] T.D Barber. Induction vertical resolution enhancement-physics and limitation. SPWLA 29th.1998
[16] B Beste., T Hagiwrar. G King. A new high resolution array induction logging tool[C].SPWLA 41th.2000
[17] G.E Archie. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics, Trans. AIME,1950, 146: 54~62
[18] T. D Barber. Introduction to the digital dual induction tool. SPE 12049.1983
[19] H James.Moran. Induction logging-geometrical factors with skin effect. Spicewood, Texas. 1982
[20] Per Christian Hansen.Moran. Regularization Tools: A matlab Package for Analysis and Solution of Discrete Iii-posed Problems. 2001
[21]尚作源,电法测井的新进展,国外测井技术,1996, 11(3): 1~6
[22]仵杰,胡启,国外感应测井仪器的研究进展,石油仪器,1998, 12(1): 3~6
[23]仵杰,龚厚生,庞巨丰等,一种新的双感应测井信号处理方法研究,测井技术,2003, 27(1): 11~15
[24]仵杰,程建华,陈睿,感应测井信号处理及应用研究,西安石油学院学报,2003, 18(2): 71~75
[25]李曙光,刘晓东,杨善德等,感应测井仪器响应特性与地层关系研究,燕山大学学报,2002, 26(3): 224~228
[26]刘复屏,李华溢,唐学荣,HIL感应测井仪的测井原理及初步应用,国外测井技术,2004, 19(5): 22~25
[27]任好,章成广,刘晓梅,泥浆侵入对阵列感应测井电阻率测井影响的数值模拟与校正,石油天然气学报,2006, 28(3): 82~84
[28]党瑞荣,杨彬,感应测井仪的数字化设计研究,石油天然气学报,2006, 28(5): 78~81
[29]仵杰,刘春雅,张甜甜等,一种新的趋肤效应校正方法,测井技术,2007, 31(6): 524~527
[30]周建文,梁建军,俄罗斯感应测井仪综述,国外测井技术,2007, 22(5): 12~14
[31] T Barber., R.A Rosthal. Using a multiarray induction tool to achieve high-resolution logs with minimum environmental effects.66th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Proceedings: Society of Petroleum Engineers. SPE 22725,1991
[32] J.F Hunka, T.D Barber. A new resistivity measurement system for deep formation imaging and high-resolution formation evaluation .The 65th Annual Technical and Exhibition of the SPE.1998
[33] B Anderson., T.D Barber. Using compute modeling to provide missing information for interpreting resistivity logs. SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symposium.1988
[34]刘继军,不适定问题的正则化方法及应用,北京:科学出版社,2005
[35]肖庭延,于慎根,王彦飞,反问题的数值解法,北京:科学出版社,2003
[36]贾小勇,徐传胜,白欣,最小二乘法的创立及其思想方法,西北大学学报,2006, 36(3): 507~511
[37] Chang,Shu-Kong,Barbara. Simulation of induction logging by the finite-element method, GEOPHYSICS,VOL.49 NO.11.1958
[38] M.P David.,J. Ahmad, W Kennedy. Two-dimensional induction log modeling using a coupled-mode, multiple-reflection series method. GEOPHYSICS, VOL.58, NO.4.1993
[39] H.G.Doll. Method and apparatus for improving the vertical resolution in induction well logging including electrical storage and delay means. U.S.Patent 3,166,709.1965
[40] H.G.Doll. Introduction to induction logging and application to logging of wells drilled with oil base mud.. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1949
[41] S Gianzero, B.A Anderson. new look at skin effect. SPWLA 22nd Annual Logging Symposium, 1981
[42] S Gianzero, S.M Su. The response of an induction dipmeter and standard inducting tools to dipping beds. Geophys.55(9),1990
[43] R.H Hardman., L.C Shen. Theory of induction sonde in dipping beds. GEOPHYSICS,VOL.51,NO.3,1986
[44] J.H Moran, Kunz. Basic theory of induction logging and application to study of two-coil sondes. Geophysics,27(6),1962
[2] H.G. Doll. Introduction to induction logging and application to logging of wells drilled with oil base mud. Petroleum Transactions, AIME,V.1, No.6, 1949
[3] J.Xiao, D.Beard, B.Corley. Petrophysics-based resolution matching for induction logs. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series.No.13, Chapter 3, 2005
[4] J.Xiao, J.Buchanan, J.Bittar. A new asymmetrical array induction logging tool[C]. SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.2006
[5]马火林,AIL阵列感应测井原理方法及应用研究[博士学位论文],北京:中国地质大学,2007
[6]刘春雅,新型阵列感应测井信号处理研究[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2007
[7]李淑霞,数字式感应测井理论研究与信号处理[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2004
[8]张珂,测井信号的采集与处理[硕士学位论文],西安:西安石油大学,2006
[9]仵杰,胡启,汪文秉,阵列感应测井测量信号聚焦的研究及应用,测井技术,1997, 21(5): 310~317
[10] ]薛晓书,胡攸,感应测井信号处理方法的新设想,石油仪器,1994, 8(3): 153~156
[11]杨洋,董双波,电磁感应与感应测井,工科物理,1999, 9(3): 25~27
[12]仵杰,庞巨丰,徐景硕,感应测井几何因子理论及其应用研究,测井技术,2001, 25(6): 417~422
[13]郭华,曹卫东,朱宣国,感应测井趋肤效应校正方法,石油仪器,2004, 18(1): 58~59
[14] T.D Barber. A multiarray induction tool optimized for efficient well site operation.SPE.1995
[15] T.D Barber. Induction vertical resolution enhancement-physics and limitation. SPWLA 29th.1998
[16] B Beste., T Hagiwrar. G King. A new high resolution array induction logging tool[C].SPWLA 41th.2000
[17] G.E Archie. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics, Trans. AIME,1950, 146: 54~62
[18] T. D Barber. Introduction to the digital dual induction tool. SPE 12049.1983
[19] H James.Moran. Induction logging-geometrical factors with skin effect. Spicewood, Texas. 1982
[20] Per Christian Hansen.Moran. Regularization Tools: A matlab Package for Analysis and Solution of Discrete Iii-posed Problems. 2001
[21]尚作源,电法测井的新进展,国外测井技术,1996, 11(3): 1~6
[22]仵杰,胡启,国外感应测井仪器的研究进展,石油仪器,1998, 12(1): 3~6
[23]仵杰,龚厚生,庞巨丰等,一种新的双感应测井信号处理方法研究,测井技术,2003, 27(1): 11~15
[24]仵杰,程建华,陈睿,感应测井信号处理及应用研究,西安石油学院学报,2003, 18(2): 71~75
[25]李曙光,刘晓东,杨善德等,感应测井仪器响应特性与地层关系研究,燕山大学学报,2002, 26(3): 224~228
[26]刘复屏,李华溢,唐学荣,HIL感应测井仪的测井原理及初步应用,国外测井技术,2004, 19(5): 22~25
[27]任好,章成广,刘晓梅,泥浆侵入对阵列感应测井电阻率测井影响的数值模拟与校正,石油天然气学报,2006, 28(3): 82~84
[28]党瑞荣,杨彬,感应测井仪的数字化设计研究,石油天然气学报,2006, 28(5): 78~81
[29]仵杰,刘春雅,张甜甜等,一种新的趋肤效应校正方法,测井技术,2007, 31(6): 524~527
[30]周建文,梁建军,俄罗斯感应测井仪综述,国外测井技术,2007, 22(5): 12~14
[31] T Barber., R.A Rosthal. Using a multiarray induction tool to achieve high-resolution logs with minimum environmental effects.66th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Proceedings: Society of Petroleum Engineers. SPE 22725,1991
[32] J.F Hunka, T.D Barber. A new resistivity measurement system for deep formation imaging and high-resolution formation evaluation .The 65th Annual Technical and Exhibition of the SPE.1998
[33] B Anderson., T.D Barber. Using compute modeling to provide missing information for interpreting resistivity logs. SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symposium.1988
[34]刘继军,不适定问题的正则化方法及应用,北京:科学出版社,2005
[35]肖庭延,于慎根,王彦飞,反问题的数值解法,北京:科学出版社,2003
[36]贾小勇,徐传胜,白欣,最小二乘法的创立及其思想方法,西北大学学报,2006, 36(3): 507~511
[37] Chang,Shu-Kong,Barbara. Simulation of induction logging by the finite-element method, GEOPHYSICS,VOL.49 NO.11.1958
[38] M.P David.,J. Ahmad, W Kennedy. Two-dimensional induction log modeling using a coupled-mode, multiple-reflection series method. GEOPHYSICS, VOL.58, NO.4.1993
[39] H.G.Doll. Method and apparatus for improving the vertical resolution in induction well logging including electrical storage and delay means. U.S.Patent 3,166,709.1965
[40] H.G.Doll. Introduction to induction logging and application to logging of wells drilled with oil base mud.. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1949
[41] S Gianzero, B.A Anderson. new look at skin effect. SPWLA 22nd Annual Logging Symposium, 1981
[42] S Gianzero, S.M Su. The response of an induction dipmeter and standard inducting tools to dipping beds. Geophys.55(9),1990
[43] R.H Hardman., L.C Shen. Theory of induction sonde in dipping beds. GEOPHYSICS,VOL.51,NO.3,1986
[44] J.H Moran, Kunz. Basic theory of induction logging and application to study of two-coil sondes. Geophysics,27(6),1962