农用车风机用永磁无刷直流电机的电磁技术研究
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摘要
农用车风机用小型电机的特点是:短轴(扁平型)、单台电功率小于300瓦,但是数量巨大,因此降低这些小型风机的耗电量,缩小与先进国家的差距具有十分深远的经济意义。
无刷电机具有体积小,重量轻,高效节能的优异特性,特别适用于农用车辆。为提高永磁无刷直流电机的性能,必须研究抑制其齿槽脉动的技术措施,本文对短轴(扁平型)无刷电机的转矩脉动及抑制进行研究,给出解决方案并通过实验加以验证。
本文的目的是基于降低成本的原则,从永磁材料、磁体结构、充磁方式、绕组分布、极弧系数等方面分析了适合农用车风机用永磁无刷直流电机的设计要求,设计制造了外转子风机用永磁无刷直流电机样机;根据外转子电机的机械结构与农用车用小型风轮的特点,本论文提出一种新工艺:将电机转子的磁轭直接装置于风轮的型腔内,构成新型外转子,节省了材料且简化了外转子加工与动平衡工艺。由于工艺简单,省材,成本低,使得无刷风机在农用车辆的推广应用具有现实意义。样机实测数据表明外转子永磁无刷直流电机用于驱动小功率风机具有良好的性能、较低的成本,具有进行产业化生产的优势。
The small-scale wind-round DC Motor with minor axis for the used of agricultural vehicle have their own properties, each individual consumes little (less than 300w ) but the quantities of the wind-round are large. So it is very meaningful to reduce the consumption of the small-scale wind-round for improving the construction of modernization and narrowing the gap between our state and developed countries.
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (PMBDCM) is suitable for agricultural vehicle by its specific property of more efficient density. In this paper, torque ripple suppression techniques have been studied in details and some novel effective measures have been proposed because reducing cogging force is indispensable for improving the minor axis PMBDCM.
In this paper, we analysis the motor from material, magnet structure, magnetization, and the coefficient of magnet arcs and we provide the structure, principles and design demands of the motor, we could manufacture of the outer rotor PMBDCM to meet the target of cost saving. According to the characteristics of the outer rotor motor mechanical structure and the small-scale wind-round in agricultural vehicle, this paper presents a new technology: the magnetic rotor yoke devices directly build in the wind-round cavity to constitute a new outer rotor to save material and simplify the processing and outside the rotor balancing process. As the process simple, provincial materials, low cost, makes the motor in the agricultural vehicle to promote the application of practical significance. Prototype measured data show the motor has a good cost-effective performance of the advantage of industrial production.
无刷电机具有体积小,重量轻,高效节能的优异特性,特别适用于农用车辆。为提高永磁无刷直流电机的性能,必须研究抑制其齿槽脉动的技术措施,本文对短轴(扁平型)无刷电机的转矩脉动及抑制进行研究,给出解决方案并通过实验加以验证。
本文的目的是基于降低成本的原则,从永磁材料、磁体结构、充磁方式、绕组分布、极弧系数等方面分析了适合农用车风机用永磁无刷直流电机的设计要求,设计制造了外转子风机用永磁无刷直流电机样机;根据外转子电机的机械结构与农用车用小型风轮的特点,本论文提出一种新工艺:将电机转子的磁轭直接装置于风轮的型腔内,构成新型外转子,节省了材料且简化了外转子加工与动平衡工艺。由于工艺简单,省材,成本低,使得无刷风机在农用车辆的推广应用具有现实意义。样机实测数据表明外转子永磁无刷直流电机用于驱动小功率风机具有良好的性能、较低的成本,具有进行产业化生产的优势。
The small-scale wind-round DC Motor with minor axis for the used of agricultural vehicle have their own properties, each individual consumes little (less than 300w ) but the quantities of the wind-round are large. So it is very meaningful to reduce the consumption of the small-scale wind-round for improving the construction of modernization and narrowing the gap between our state and developed countries.
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (PMBDCM) is suitable for agricultural vehicle by its specific property of more efficient density. In this paper, torque ripple suppression techniques have been studied in details and some novel effective measures have been proposed because reducing cogging force is indispensable for improving the minor axis PMBDCM.
In this paper, we analysis the motor from material, magnet structure, magnetization, and the coefficient of magnet arcs and we provide the structure, principles and design demands of the motor, we could manufacture of the outer rotor PMBDCM to meet the target of cost saving. According to the characteristics of the outer rotor motor mechanical structure and the small-scale wind-round in agricultural vehicle, this paper presents a new technology: the magnetic rotor yoke devices directly build in the wind-round cavity to constitute a new outer rotor to save material and simplify the processing and outside the rotor balancing process. As the process simple, provincial materials, low cost, makes the motor in the agricultural vehicle to promote the application of practical significance. Prototype measured data show the motor has a good cost-effective performance of the advantage of industrial production.
引文
[1]殷平,无刷直流电机在空调小型通风机中的应用,风机技术,2001(5):24-28.
[2]张琛,直流无刷电动机原米及应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1996:2-123.
[3]唐任远,现代永磁电机理论与设计[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1997:37-115.
[4]胡文静,无刷直流电动机极弧宽度设计,中小型电机,2003,30(5):4-6.
[5]王群京,孙明施,李国丽等.表面磁钢无刷直流电动机的电感计算和数字仿真研究[J],电工技术学报,2001,16(1):21-24]
[6]李鳗鹏,胡虔生,黄允凯.计及绕组电感的永磁无刷直流电动机电路模型及其分析[J],中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):76-80.
[7]许镇琳,吴忠,王秀芝.无刷直流伺服电机换相最优控制[J],自动化学报,1996,22(4):428-434.
[8]王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿,永磁无刷直流电机负载磁场及其电磁转矩的计算[J],中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):141-145.
[9]Min DAI,Ali Keyhani,Tomy Sebastian.Torque ripple analysis of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor using finite element methodiC].Proceedings from IEMDC 2001,2001:241-245.
[10]柴凤,李子鹏,程树康.永磁电动机齿槽转矩的抑制方法[J].微电机,2001,34(6):52-54.
[11]黄海摘译自'99西安国际电机年会论文集:207-220,短轴径向磁场永磁无刷直流电机的设计依据,船电技术,2000(6):40-45.
[12]王道涵,王秀和,张冉,丁婷婷.不等宽永磁体削弱表面永磁电机齿槽转矩方法[J],电机与控制学报,2008,12(4):381-384.
[13]纪志成,沈艳霞,姜建国,薛花.永磁无刷直流电动机转矩脉动及其抑制方法,微特电机,2003(5):33-37.
[14]邓秋玲,肖锋,陈强,无刷直流电动机转矩脉动的探讨[J],湖南工程学院学报,2002,12(4):9-11.
[15]Han Kijin,Cho Hansan.Optimal core shape design for cogging torque reduction of brushless DC motor using genetic algorithm[J].IEEE Trans.on Magnetics,2000,36(4):1927-1931.
[16]Mohammad S Islam,Sayeed Mir,Tomy Sebastian,Issues in Reducing the Cogging Torque of Mass-Produced Pemanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor[J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Applica 2004,5/6,40:813-820.
[17]胡志强等,随机振动试验应用技术[M],北京,中国计量出版社,1996:245-252.
[18]毛正寿等,泵与风机[M],北京,中国电力出版社,1999:65-150
[19]郭立君,泵与风机[M],北京,水利电力出版社,1986:36-98
[20]朱贵烜,电机调速在泵与风机中的节能应用[J],中国井矿盐,2006,37(4):43-45
[21]戴白刃,新型外转子永磁电机的研制[J],常州信息职业技术学院学报,2007,6(3):21-24
[22]王运朋,实用汽车空调技术[M],广州,广东科技出版社,1995:105-239.
[23]姚仲鹏等,汽车供暖与空调系统[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1998:100-114.
[24]汽车空调风机技术条件,QC/T 708-2004,2004.
[25]李钟明等,稀土永磁电机[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1999:22-145
[26]孙建忠等,特种电机及其控制[M],水利电力出版社,
[2]张琛,直流无刷电动机原米及应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1996:2-123.
[3]唐任远,现代永磁电机理论与设计[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1997:37-115.
[4]胡文静,无刷直流电动机极弧宽度设计,中小型电机,2003,30(5):4-6.
[5]王群京,孙明施,李国丽等.表面磁钢无刷直流电动机的电感计算和数字仿真研究[J],电工技术学报,2001,16(1):21-24]
[6]李鳗鹏,胡虔生,黄允凯.计及绕组电感的永磁无刷直流电动机电路模型及其分析[J],中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):76-80.
[7]许镇琳,吴忠,王秀芝.无刷直流伺服电机换相最优控制[J],自动化学报,1996,22(4):428-434.
[8]王兴华,励庆孚,王曙鸿,永磁无刷直流电机负载磁场及其电磁转矩的计算[J],中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):141-145.
[9]Min DAI,Ali Keyhani,Tomy Sebastian.Torque ripple analysis of a permanent magnet brushless DC motor using finite element methodiC].Proceedings from IEMDC 2001,2001:241-245.
[10]柴凤,李子鹏,程树康.永磁电动机齿槽转矩的抑制方法[J].微电机,2001,34(6):52-54.
[11]黄海摘译自'99西安国际电机年会论文集:207-220,短轴径向磁场永磁无刷直流电机的设计依据,船电技术,2000(6):40-45.
[12]王道涵,王秀和,张冉,丁婷婷.不等宽永磁体削弱表面永磁电机齿槽转矩方法[J],电机与控制学报,2008,12(4):381-384.
[13]纪志成,沈艳霞,姜建国,薛花.永磁无刷直流电动机转矩脉动及其抑制方法,微特电机,2003(5):33-37.
[14]邓秋玲,肖锋,陈强,无刷直流电动机转矩脉动的探讨[J],湖南工程学院学报,2002,12(4):9-11.
[15]Han Kijin,Cho Hansan.Optimal core shape design for cogging torque reduction of brushless DC motor using genetic algorithm[J].IEEE Trans.on Magnetics,2000,36(4):1927-1931.
[16]Mohammad S Islam,Sayeed Mir,Tomy Sebastian,Issues in Reducing the Cogging Torque of Mass-Produced Pemanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor[J].IEEE Trans on Ind.Applica 2004,5/6,40:813-820.
[17]胡志强等,随机振动试验应用技术[M],北京,中国计量出版社,1996:245-252.
[18]毛正寿等,泵与风机[M],北京,中国电力出版社,1999:65-150
[19]郭立君,泵与风机[M],北京,水利电力出版社,1986:36-98
[20]朱贵烜,电机调速在泵与风机中的节能应用[J],中国井矿盐,2006,37(4):43-45
[21]戴白刃,新型外转子永磁电机的研制[J],常州信息职业技术学院学报,2007,6(3):21-24
[22]王运朋,实用汽车空调技术[M],广州,广东科技出版社,1995:105-239.
[23]姚仲鹏等,汽车供暖与空调系统[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1998:100-114.
[24]汽车空调风机技术条件,QC/T 708-2004,2004.
[25]李钟明等,稀土永磁电机[M],北京,国防工业出版社,1999:22-145
[26]孙建忠等,特种电机及其控制[M],水利电力出版社,