嵌入式HMI组态软件研究与设计
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摘要
随着计算机软,硬件技术的发展,嵌入式HMI越来越多的运用于工业控制领域。HMI组态软件为工程技术人员提供了一种搭积木的方式来制作工业控制界面。它将监控现场环境中的各种控制设备抽象为基本图形元素和部件,通过组态建立它们之间的控制关系,形成简洁、直观的人机交互界面。
本设计将HMI组态软件分为两个部分,PC作为上位机运行上位机组态软件,完成监控窗口的绘制;嵌入式设备作为下位机运行下位机作态软件,重现监控窗口,并实现监控功能。
组态的思想与面向对象技术的思维方式是一致的,设计模式是根据面向对象的封装性、继承性和多态性来实现的,用于解决面向对象设计中遇到的问题,在软件设计过程中合理利用设计模式可以提高软件开发效率及其质量。
本文的主要工作和创新点主要包括以下几个方面:
第一,在借鉴传统组态软件设计思想的基础上提出嵌入式HMI的设计,分析嵌入式HMI的软硬件体系结构,选择合适的开发平台。对嵌入式HMI组态软件进行需求分析,合理的划分功能模块。并从上位机组态软件和下位机组态软件两个方面详细的介绍了设计方法。
第二,嵌入式系统的RAM和文件存储空间有限,根据功能要求以及效率方面的考虑,定义了配置文件的存储格式,使该文件读取解析方便,节省存储空间,解决嵌入式人机界面的组态信息转换问题。同时还阐述了配置文件生成和解析的具体实现方法。
第三,本文不仅从理论上研究了设计模式选取和应用的方法,并在具体设计中根据实际情况,按照这种方法选择使用了适当的设计模式,从而提高软件的开发效率,可扩展性和灵活性。
最后,利用一个应用对实例对嵌入式HMI的各项功能进行的测试,结果表明该系统的运行达到了预期目标。
With the development of technology of computer software and hardware, embedded HMI is used in the field of industrial control more and more. HMI configuration software provides a way of architecture in a building block for engineers and technicians to product the scene control process and control interface. A variety of control objects of control system are abstracted in several types of basic graphic elements and components. Configuration software can help us to establish the relationship between them to form a simple, intuitive man-machine interface.
HMI configuration software is divided into two parts, PC Configuration Software (PCCS) and Embedded Configuration Software (ECS) . PCCS is used to edit configuration control interface, running on PC, and the ECS redraw the control interface and achieve monitoring, running on embedded device.
Such a configuration idea is the same with the concept of object-oriented technology, design patterns based on encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism of object-oriented. It can help us to solve problems of object-oriented design. The use of design patterns can improve the efficiency and quality of software development.
The main work and innovation of the paper reflects in the following aspects:
First, design concept of Embedded HMI is proposed, based on the traditional configuration software. The architecture of the embedded HMI hardware and software is analysised, choosing a suitable development platform. Functional requirements of the embedded HMI configuration software are Analysised, dividing function modules reasonable. The design methods of PCCS and ECS are detailed.
Second, the embedded system's RAM and file storage space is limited. According to the functional requirements and efficiency considerations, configuration file format is defined to made it easy to read, saving storage space, solving the embedded configuration information' s conversion of embedded HMI.
Third, not only the theory how to select and apply design patterns is stuied, but also use the appropriate design patterns in the specific design in accordance with the actual situation and selection method in order to improve software development efficiency, scalability and flexibility.
Finally, Embedded HMI functions are tested by application. The results show that the running of the system achieved the desired objective.
本设计将HMI组态软件分为两个部分,PC作为上位机运行上位机组态软件,完成监控窗口的绘制;嵌入式设备作为下位机运行下位机作态软件,重现监控窗口,并实现监控功能。
组态的思想与面向对象技术的思维方式是一致的,设计模式是根据面向对象的封装性、继承性和多态性来实现的,用于解决面向对象设计中遇到的问题,在软件设计过程中合理利用设计模式可以提高软件开发效率及其质量。
本文的主要工作和创新点主要包括以下几个方面:
第一,在借鉴传统组态软件设计思想的基础上提出嵌入式HMI的设计,分析嵌入式HMI的软硬件体系结构,选择合适的开发平台。对嵌入式HMI组态软件进行需求分析,合理的划分功能模块。并从上位机组态软件和下位机组态软件两个方面详细的介绍了设计方法。
第二,嵌入式系统的RAM和文件存储空间有限,根据功能要求以及效率方面的考虑,定义了配置文件的存储格式,使该文件读取解析方便,节省存储空间,解决嵌入式人机界面的组态信息转换问题。同时还阐述了配置文件生成和解析的具体实现方法。
第三,本文不仅从理论上研究了设计模式选取和应用的方法,并在具体设计中根据实际情况,按照这种方法选择使用了适当的设计模式,从而提高软件的开发效率,可扩展性和灵活性。
最后,利用一个应用对实例对嵌入式HMI的各项功能进行的测试,结果表明该系统的运行达到了预期目标。
With the development of technology of computer software and hardware, embedded HMI is used in the field of industrial control more and more. HMI configuration software provides a way of architecture in a building block for engineers and technicians to product the scene control process and control interface. A variety of control objects of control system are abstracted in several types of basic graphic elements and components. Configuration software can help us to establish the relationship between them to form a simple, intuitive man-machine interface.
HMI configuration software is divided into two parts, PC Configuration Software (PCCS) and Embedded Configuration Software (ECS) . PCCS is used to edit configuration control interface, running on PC, and the ECS redraw the control interface and achieve monitoring, running on embedded device.
Such a configuration idea is the same with the concept of object-oriented technology, design patterns based on encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism of object-oriented. It can help us to solve problems of object-oriented design. The use of design patterns can improve the efficiency and quality of software development.
The main work and innovation of the paper reflects in the following aspects:
First, design concept of Embedded HMI is proposed, based on the traditional configuration software. The architecture of the embedded HMI hardware and software is analysised, choosing a suitable development platform. Functional requirements of the embedded HMI configuration software are Analysised, dividing function modules reasonable. The design methods of PCCS and ECS are detailed.
Second, the embedded system's RAM and file storage space is limited. According to the functional requirements and efficiency considerations, configuration file format is defined to made it easy to read, saving storage space, solving the embedded configuration information' s conversion of embedded HMI.
Third, not only the theory how to select and apply design patterns is stuied, but also use the appropriate design patterns in the specific design in accordance with the actual situation and selection method in order to improve software development efficiency, scalability and flexibility.
Finally, Embedded HMI functions are tested by application. The results show that the running of the system achieved the desired objective.
引文
[1]Zimmer D,Rhodes D.Human-machine interfaces[J].Industry Applications Magazine,2006,12(2):29-35
[2]陆巍.嵌入式数控系统人机界面及系统软件研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学.2006.01:8-11
[3]文伟,周纯杰,周孝慧等.人机界面组态软件中的PLC参数自适应配置[J].计算机技术与自动化,2006,25(4):29-32
[4]孙立军,丁伟玲.浅析组态软件的发展趋势[J].机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(2):87-88
[5]Li Su-ling.Liu Jun-ying.Application of PLC and Industrial Control Configuration Technique in Middle or Small Water Works[J].Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation(ICICTA),2008.01:999-1003
[6]何小庆.畅想未来的嵌入式系统[J].电子应用技术,2009.01:21-22
[7]范学英,张明新,王登磊.嵌入式系统概述[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(2):113-115
[8]Azumi T,Yamamoto M,Kominami Y,takagi N,et al.A New Specification of Software Components for Embedded Systems.[J]Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing.ISORC 2007:46-50
[9]杨广才,唐学媛.工业控制系统发展新技术[J].机床电器,2007.01:6-8
[10]席盛代.基于PC+PLC工业控制系统的应用与发展趋势[J].工业控制计算机,2008,21(7):1-2
[11]房伟.计算机技术在工业自动控制中的运用与发展[J].民营科技,2008.12:44-47
[12]马波.自动化组态软件的发展[J].自动化博览,2008.03:84-85
[13]Yongqian Xiong,Wei Xiao,Jian Xiong,et al.PLC and PC based monitoring and control system of the switchgear testing laboratory.[J]Electrical Machines and Systems.ICEMS 2008:873-876
[14]Min Jin,Xiang Zhou,Peng Duan,et al.The Design and Implementation of Embedded Configuration Software Based on Embedded-Linux.Computer Science and Software Engineering[J],2008:98-101
[15]曹涌.面向对象软件开发之模式的研究和应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004.04:4-8
[16]Xinyi Dong,Godfrey M W.Identifying Architectural Change Patterns in Object-Oriented Systerms.Program Comprehension,ICPC 2008:33-42
[17]Arcelli F,Cristina L.Enhancing Software Evolution Through Design Pattem Detection.Software Evolvability,2007:7-14
[18]Gamma E,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,et al.Design Patterns.Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented software,1995.
[19]陈丁山.设计模式的研究与应用[J].开发研究与设计技术,2007.11:1346-1348
[20]Bayley L,Hong Zhu.On the Composition of Design Pattems.Quality Software,2008:27-36
[21]熊爱娟,刘忠义,余凡等.浅谈软件设计模式与体系结构和重用技术[J].中国水运,2007,7(9):143-145
[22]Briand L C,Labiche Y,Sauv(?) A,Guiding the Application of Design Patterns Based on UML Models.Carleton University,Technical Report SCE-06-04,2006:69-72
[23]Khomh F,Gueheneuc Y G..Do Design Patterns Impact Software Quality Positively?Software Maintenance and Reengineedng,2008:274-278
[24]黄贤英,刘峰.基于图元的嵌入式组态软件的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2008,29(3):672-674
[25]杨栋,王汉其,熊俊.图形嵌入组态软件的设计与开发[J].企业技术开发,2008,27(1):24-25
[26]余华丽,宋仲康.XSBase255平台上的触摸屏驱动实现[J].工业控制技术,2007.2:92-94
[27]熊文峰,李亚利.基于XSCAL PXA255处理器的Win CE 420嵌入式操作系统BSP开发组态软件[A].海南省通信学会学术年会论文集[C],2006:19-23
[28]周毓林,宁杨,陆贵强.Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[29]张精通.基于Win CE.net嵌入式工业控制平台设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2007.07:20-29
[30]崔江虹.Win CE下16:9LCD驱动实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学,2007.12:26-31
[31]Ji Wankang,Yang Jia;Hong Yongqiang.BSP Development of Win CE System for Vehicle Navigation Device Based on S3C2440.Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007:2389-2391
[32]Zhi Liu,Jian Lu,Xiaochun Dai.Dynamic Demo System of Data Structrue with C++/MFC.Young Computer Scientists,2008:2669-2674
[33]范志先,孙殿柱,李延瑞等.采用MFC开发用户交互界面的新方法[J].工程图学学报,2008.04:160-163
[34]刘慧彭,傅向荣,王文婕等.基于UML/MFC的索结构分析前后处理软件开发[A].第17届全国结构工程学术会议论文集(第Ⅲ册)[C],2008:542-546
[35]韩菲.设计模式和重构的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2006.03:30-31
[36]Dong Jing,Yang Sheng,Zhang Kang.Visualizing Design Patterns in Their Application and Compsitions[J].Software Engineering,2007,33(7):433-453
[37]Ali N H,Shukur Z,Idris S.A Design of Assessment System for UML Class Diagram.Computational Science and its Application,2007:539-546
[38]Jung Ho Bae,KWangMin Lee,heung Seok Chae.Modularization of the UML Metamodel Using Model Slicing.Information Technology,New Generation,2008:1253-1254
[39]吕凌欧,嵌入式人机界面组态软件研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2006.12
[40]高歌,苏志武.S7-200PLC与PC间的串口通信[J].北京广播大学学报,2005,12(3):41-46
[41]Park S C,Chang Mok Park,Gi-Nam Wang,et al.LCStudio:Simulation based PLC code verification.Simulation Conference,2008:222-228
[42]Garduiio-Medina J A,Caltenco J H,Lopez-Bonilla J L.On the measurement of the conducted emissions in-home access in PLC communication technologies.Student Paper,2008:1-4
[43]郑万章,基于PLC的船舶电站网络式监控系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2007.03:10-11
[44]张维久,胡汉春,李冲.上位机与PLC的通信与监控设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(1):135-136
[45]李丰堂,谢明红.基于VC++的PC与PLC的通信软件的设计[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(8):220-222
[2]陆巍.嵌入式数控系统人机界面及系统软件研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学.2006.01:8-11
[3]文伟,周纯杰,周孝慧等.人机界面组态软件中的PLC参数自适应配置[J].计算机技术与自动化,2006,25(4):29-32
[4]孙立军,丁伟玲.浅析组态软件的发展趋势[J].机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(2):87-88
[5]Li Su-ling.Liu Jun-ying.Application of PLC and Industrial Control Configuration Technique in Middle or Small Water Works[J].Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation(ICICTA),2008.01:999-1003
[6]何小庆.畅想未来的嵌入式系统[J].电子应用技术,2009.01:21-22
[7]范学英,张明新,王登磊.嵌入式系统概述[J].自动化技术与应用,2008,27(2):113-115
[8]Azumi T,Yamamoto M,Kominami Y,takagi N,et al.A New Specification of Software Components for Embedded Systems.[J]Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing.ISORC 2007:46-50
[9]杨广才,唐学媛.工业控制系统发展新技术[J].机床电器,2007.01:6-8
[10]席盛代.基于PC+PLC工业控制系统的应用与发展趋势[J].工业控制计算机,2008,21(7):1-2
[11]房伟.计算机技术在工业自动控制中的运用与发展[J].民营科技,2008.12:44-47
[12]马波.自动化组态软件的发展[J].自动化博览,2008.03:84-85
[13]Yongqian Xiong,Wei Xiao,Jian Xiong,et al.PLC and PC based monitoring and control system of the switchgear testing laboratory.[J]Electrical Machines and Systems.ICEMS 2008:873-876
[14]Min Jin,Xiang Zhou,Peng Duan,et al.The Design and Implementation of Embedded Configuration Software Based on Embedded-Linux.Computer Science and Software Engineering[J],2008:98-101
[15]曹涌.面向对象软件开发之模式的研究和应用:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004.04:4-8
[16]Xinyi Dong,Godfrey M W.Identifying Architectural Change Patterns in Object-Oriented Systerms.Program Comprehension,ICPC 2008:33-42
[17]Arcelli F,Cristina L.Enhancing Software Evolution Through Design Pattem Detection.Software Evolvability,2007:7-14
[18]Gamma E,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,et al.Design Patterns.Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented software,1995.
[19]陈丁山.设计模式的研究与应用[J].开发研究与设计技术,2007.11:1346-1348
[20]Bayley L,Hong Zhu.On the Composition of Design Pattems.Quality Software,2008:27-36
[21]熊爱娟,刘忠义,余凡等.浅谈软件设计模式与体系结构和重用技术[J].中国水运,2007,7(9):143-145
[22]Briand L C,Labiche Y,Sauv(?) A,Guiding the Application of Design Patterns Based on UML Models.Carleton University,Technical Report SCE-06-04,2006:69-72
[23]Khomh F,Gueheneuc Y G..Do Design Patterns Impact Software Quality Positively?Software Maintenance and Reengineedng,2008:274-278
[24]黄贤英,刘峰.基于图元的嵌入式组态软件的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2008,29(3):672-674
[25]杨栋,王汉其,熊俊.图形嵌入组态软件的设计与开发[J].企业技术开发,2008,27(1):24-25
[26]余华丽,宋仲康.XSBase255平台上的触摸屏驱动实现[J].工业控制技术,2007.2:92-94
[27]熊文峰,李亚利.基于XSCAL PXA255处理器的Win CE 420嵌入式操作系统BSP开发组态软件[A].海南省通信学会学术年会论文集[C],2006:19-23
[28]周毓林,宁杨,陆贵强.Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[29]张精通.基于Win CE.net嵌入式工业控制平台设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2007.07:20-29
[30]崔江虹.Win CE下16:9LCD驱动实现:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学,2007.12:26-31
[31]Ji Wankang,Yang Jia;Hong Yongqiang.BSP Development of Win CE System for Vehicle Navigation Device Based on S3C2440.Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007:2389-2391
[32]Zhi Liu,Jian Lu,Xiaochun Dai.Dynamic Demo System of Data Structrue with C++/MFC.Young Computer Scientists,2008:2669-2674
[33]范志先,孙殿柱,李延瑞等.采用MFC开发用户交互界面的新方法[J].工程图学学报,2008.04:160-163
[34]刘慧彭,傅向荣,王文婕等.基于UML/MFC的索结构分析前后处理软件开发[A].第17届全国结构工程学术会议论文集(第Ⅲ册)[C],2008:542-546
[35]韩菲.设计模式和重构的研究与应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2006.03:30-31
[36]Dong Jing,Yang Sheng,Zhang Kang.Visualizing Design Patterns in Their Application and Compsitions[J].Software Engineering,2007,33(7):433-453
[37]Ali N H,Shukur Z,Idris S.A Design of Assessment System for UML Class Diagram.Computational Science and its Application,2007:539-546
[38]Jung Ho Bae,KWangMin Lee,heung Seok Chae.Modularization of the UML Metamodel Using Model Slicing.Information Technology,New Generation,2008:1253-1254
[39]吕凌欧,嵌入式人机界面组态软件研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2006.12
[40]高歌,苏志武.S7-200PLC与PC间的串口通信[J].北京广播大学学报,2005,12(3):41-46
[41]Park S C,Chang Mok Park,Gi-Nam Wang,et al.LCStudio:Simulation based PLC code verification.Simulation Conference,2008:222-228
[42]Garduiio-Medina J A,Caltenco J H,Lopez-Bonilla J L.On the measurement of the conducted emissions in-home access in PLC communication technologies.Student Paper,2008:1-4
[43]郑万章,基于PLC的船舶电站网络式监控系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连海事大学,2007.03:10-11
[44]张维久,胡汉春,李冲.上位机与PLC的通信与监控设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(1):135-136
[45]李丰堂,谢明红.基于VC++的PC与PLC的通信软件的设计[J].计算机技术与发展,2008,18(8):220-222