海洋平台水下姿态测量系统的研究与开发
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摘要
海洋平台在服役过程中受风、浪、流联合作用引起的疲劳损伤积累、立管涡激振动等不利作用对平台的主要结构浮体、锚泊系统以及柔性结构造成不利影响,从而对平台的运行造成很大的安全隐患。为了保障平台结构的安全性、完整性、适用性与耐久性,需要设计健康监测系统,通过实施监测运营阶段关键构件应变响应,确定平台在运营期间的整体结构状态和局部构件的受力特征,评估结构的安全水平并进行预警。
对于平台水上浮体及环境要素的监测虽然难度较大,但是在技术上还是比较成熟的,国内外都有比较成熟的产品供选择；然而对于平台水下关键节点的监测在国内还处于刚起步阶段,只有几个院校在从事这方面的研究,在国外也只有少数几个公司掌握了关键的测量技术。
本文以测量水下锚链倾角和立管振动信息为目标,开发了专用的水下测量的系统——自容式倾角仪和自容式加速度计。这两套测量装置均是基于16位微功耗处理器MSP430开发的,经过多次的改版及优化软硬件设计,使得其具有体积小巧、高精度、低功耗、海量存储及简易操作等特点；后期又对装置做了严格的性能测试、标定、老化处理及模拟平台环境测试,保证了测量结果的准确性及系统运行的稳定性。该装置可在水下连续工作长达半年,相比于国外同类产品,成本较低,适于大范围多点测量,目前已经应用在我国南海“挑战”号平台的锚链及立管的测量中。
Offshore platform in its service is often subject to the combined effects of the wind, the waves and the currents, which make the key structures, like the floating, mooring system and flexible structures, seriously damaged, and pose a grave threat to the production safety of the platform. So in order to guarantee the platform security, integrity and durability, we need to design a healthy monitoring system to measure the strain response of the key components of the platform. And determine the force characteristics, assess the platform's health, then achieve the purpose of early warning.
Although the monitoring for the floating system and environmental elements is very difficult, the technology is mature. Both domestic and foreign have related products. However, the monitoring for the underwater part of the platform is still in early stage in our country, only a few institutions engage in this field. Several foreign companies master the key technology in this field.
This paper mainly presents the research and development of the measuring devices--self-contained inclinometer and self-contained accelerometer. Based on the requirement of offshore platform monitoring, the devices completely and accurately record the anchor's inclination and riser's vibration. The two devices are developed based on the low-power-consumption 16-bit microcontroller MSP430. Laboratory calibration, platform movement simulation experiment, and real platform testing confirmed that the performance of the instrument can meet the measurement requirements. The devices have characteristics of small-size, high-precision, energy-economical, mass-storage and user-friendly. They are able to work underwater continuously for up to half a year. Compared with the foreign counterparts, the new devices are cheaper and more suitable for extensive multi-point measurement. Now they have been installed in Nan Hai Tiao Zhan FPS platform in the South China Sea for measurement of anchor chain inclination and riser vibration.
对于平台水上浮体及环境要素的监测虽然难度较大,但是在技术上还是比较成熟的,国内外都有比较成熟的产品供选择；然而对于平台水下关键节点的监测在国内还处于刚起步阶段,只有几个院校在从事这方面的研究,在国外也只有少数几个公司掌握了关键的测量技术。
本文以测量水下锚链倾角和立管振动信息为目标,开发了专用的水下测量的系统——自容式倾角仪和自容式加速度计。这两套测量装置均是基于16位微功耗处理器MSP430开发的,经过多次的改版及优化软硬件设计,使得其具有体积小巧、高精度、低功耗、海量存储及简易操作等特点；后期又对装置做了严格的性能测试、标定、老化处理及模拟平台环境测试,保证了测量结果的准确性及系统运行的稳定性。该装置可在水下连续工作长达半年,相比于国外同类产品,成本较低,适于大范围多点测量,目前已经应用在我国南海“挑战”号平台的锚链及立管的测量中。
Offshore platform in its service is often subject to the combined effects of the wind, the waves and the currents, which make the key structures, like the floating, mooring system and flexible structures, seriously damaged, and pose a grave threat to the production safety of the platform. So in order to guarantee the platform security, integrity and durability, we need to design a healthy monitoring system to measure the strain response of the key components of the platform. And determine the force characteristics, assess the platform's health, then achieve the purpose of early warning.
Although the monitoring for the floating system and environmental elements is very difficult, the technology is mature. Both domestic and foreign have related products. However, the monitoring for the underwater part of the platform is still in early stage in our country, only a few institutions engage in this field. Several foreign companies master the key technology in this field.
This paper mainly presents the research and development of the measuring devices--self-contained inclinometer and self-contained accelerometer. Based on the requirement of offshore platform monitoring, the devices completely and accurately record the anchor's inclination and riser's vibration. The two devices are developed based on the low-power-consumption 16-bit microcontroller MSP430. Laboratory calibration, platform movement simulation experiment, and real platform testing confirmed that the performance of the instrument can meet the measurement requirements. The devices have characteristics of small-size, high-precision, energy-economical, mass-storage and user-friendly. They are able to work underwater continuously for up to half a year. Compared with the foreign counterparts, the new devices are cheaper and more suitable for extensive multi-point measurement. Now they have been installed in Nan Hai Tiao Zhan FPS platform in the South China Sea for measurement of anchor chain inclination and riser vibration.
引文
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[2]吕伟.深水S型托管架设计中得力学问题研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[3]朱峰.深水结构现场监测系统与监测技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[4]孙强.基于实测的浮式海洋平台系泊系统分析与评价[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011.
[5]陈维杰.超强台风下固定式平台极限承载能力分析[D].山东东营：中国石油大学,2010.
[6]钱新.墨西哥漏油事件影响深远[J].石油石化节能,2011,1(1)：52-52.
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[12]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005.
[13]马延德,张松涛,刘伟伟.大型半潜式钻井平台安全关键技术研究[J].中国造船,2003,44(2)：53-60.
[14]JACQUES, R.,T. CLAEKE, S. MORIKAWA, et al. Monitoring the structural integrity of a flexible riser during dynamic loading with a combination of non-destructive testing methods[J].NDT and International,2010,43:501-506.
[15]KARAYAKA, METIN RUF, WOLFGANG NATARAJAN, et al. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-OMAE. Teel catenary riser response characterization with on-line monitoring devices[C]. Honolulu, HI, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2009,6:687-698.
[16]LIM, D. F., D. H. Howells, Deepwater Riser VIV, Fatigue and Monitoring, in Deepwater Pipeline & Riser Technology Conference.2000, www.2hoffshore.com:Houston.
[17]白兴兰.基于惯性耦合的深水钢悬链线立管非线性分析方法研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2009.
[18]HIMANSHU MAHESHWARI, WOLFGANG RUF, DAVE WALTERS. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Riser integrity monitoring techniques and data processing methods[C]. Vancouver, BC, Canada:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2008,169-173.
[19]THETHI, RICKY AN. PeiOffshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. Performance monitoring of deepwater risers[C]. Berlin, Germany:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008,4:781-790.
[20]NACIRI, MAMOUN, QUEAU, et al. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. The Soft Yoke Mooring and Offloading System for LNG Offloading Applications[C]. Cancun, Mexico:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2003,1:231-240.
[21]RICKY THETHI, HUGH HOWELLS, SHREENAATH NATARAJAN. A Fatigue Monitoring Strategy and Implementation on a Deepwater Top Tensioned Riser[C]. In Offshore Technology Conference.2005:Houston, TX, U.S.A.
[22]周勇.深海Smart Sensor测控系统开发研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[23]陈建刚.深海传感器自校正系统的控制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2007.
[24]孙国晴.嵌入式无线水下采集系统的设计与实现[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[25]张精通.基WinCE. net嵌入式工业控制平台设计与实现[D].西安：西北大学,2007.
[26]张颖颖,张颖,马然等.一种海洋监测通用数据采集与处理系统的设计[J].海洋技术,2010,29(2)：9-11.
[27]秦华伟,杜加友,杨微.水下低功耗数据采集器设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2007,27(3)：63-66.
[28]杨微,秦华伟.基于MSP430的深海低功耗数据采集系统[J].机电工程,2009,29(5)：16-19.
[29]林毓梁,张.锐,王.伟.基于MSP430F169的深海环境数据采集系统设计[J].电子设计工程,2011,19(3)：71-73.
[30]文治洪,胡文东,李晓京等.基于PL2303的USB接口设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1)：32-34
[31]谢兴红,林凡强,吴雄英.MSP430单片机基础与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[32]朱大锐,张团善,高文.ATmega128L单片机的Micro SD卡读写[J].技术纵横,2009,2009(5)：37-39.
[33]段勇,陈真诚,宋含.基于MSP430单片机的SD卡读写[J].生物医学工程研究,2007,26(4)：347-350.
[34]尤国红.基于CAN总线的标定系统界面平台设计[D].大连：大连交通大学,2008.
[35]詹林献.MEMS器件的可靠性研究与测试系统的开发[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009.
[36]李宵宵.加速度传感器的标定系统与实验研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2010.
[2]吕伟.深水S型托管架设计中得力学问题研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[3]朱峰.深水结构现场监测系统与监测技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[4]孙强.基于实测的浮式海洋平台系泊系统分析与评价[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011.
[5]陈维杰.超强台风下固定式平台极限承载能力分析[D].山东东营：中国石油大学,2010.
[6]钱新.墨西哥漏油事件影响深远[J].石油石化节能,2011,1(1)：52-52.
[7]PEN AN. Standalone Sub sea Data Monitoring System[C]. Underwater Science Symposium Aberdeen University.2003, www.2hoffshore.com:Scotland.
[8]DAI WEI, BAI YONG. International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. Development of deepwater riser monitoring systems[C]. Shanghai, China: IEEE Computer Society,2011,1:1050-1055.
[9]DALE, NICHOAS M. BRIDGE, CHRISTOPHER D. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Measured VIV response of a deepwater SCR[C].Lisbon, Portugal: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2007,1:796-802.
[10]NACIRI, MAMOUN, QUEAU, et al. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-OMAE. The role of offshore monitoring in an effective deepwater riser integrity management program[C]. San Diego, CA, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2007,1:231-240.
[11]刘军.深海自容式传感器数据采集器研制[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2007.
[12]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005.
[13]马延德,张松涛,刘伟伟.大型半潜式钻井平台安全关键技术研究[J].中国造船,2003,44(2)：53-60.
[14]JACQUES, R.,T. CLAEKE, S. MORIKAWA, et al. Monitoring the structural integrity of a flexible riser during dynamic loading with a combination of non-destructive testing methods[J].NDT and International,2010,43:501-506.
[15]KARAYAKA, METIN RUF, WOLFGANG NATARAJAN, et al. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-OMAE. Teel catenary riser response characterization with on-line monitoring devices[C]. Honolulu, HI, United states: American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2009,6:687-698.
[16]LIM, D. F., D. H. Howells, Deepwater Riser VIV, Fatigue and Monitoring, in Deepwater Pipeline & Riser Technology Conference.2000, www.2hoffshore.com:Houston.
[17]白兴兰.基于惯性耦合的深水钢悬链线立管非线性分析方法研究[D].青岛：中国海洋大学,2009.
[18]HIMANSHU MAHESHWARI, WOLFGANG RUF, DAVE WALTERS. International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Riser integrity monitoring techniques and data processing methods[C]. Vancouver, BC, Canada:International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers,2008,169-173.
[19]THETHI, RICKY AN. PeiOffshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. Performance monitoring of deepwater risers[C]. Berlin, Germany:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2008,4:781-790.
[20]NACIRI, MAMOUN, QUEAU, et al. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. The Soft Yoke Mooring and Offloading System for LNG Offloading Applications[C]. Cancun, Mexico:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2003,1:231-240.
[21]RICKY THETHI, HUGH HOWELLS, SHREENAATH NATARAJAN. A Fatigue Monitoring Strategy and Implementation on a Deepwater Top Tensioned Riser[C]. In Offshore Technology Conference.2005:Houston, TX, U.S.A.
[22]周勇.深海Smart Sensor测控系统开发研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[23]陈建刚.深海传感器自校正系统的控制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2007.
[24]孙国晴.嵌入式无线水下采集系统的设计与实现[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[25]张精通.基WinCE. net嵌入式工业控制平台设计与实现[D].西安：西北大学,2007.
[26]张颖颖,张颖,马然等.一种海洋监测通用数据采集与处理系统的设计[J].海洋技术,2010,29(2)：9-11.
[27]秦华伟,杜加友,杨微.水下低功耗数据采集器设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2007,27(3)：63-66.
[28]杨微,秦华伟.基于MSP430的深海低功耗数据采集系统[J].机电工程,2009,29(5)：16-19.
[29]林毓梁,张.锐,王.伟.基于MSP430F169的深海环境数据采集系统设计[J].电子设计工程,2011,19(3)：71-73.
[30]文治洪,胡文东,李晓京等.基于PL2303的USB接口设计[J].电子设计工程,2010,18(1)：32-34
[31]谢兴红,林凡强,吴雄英.MSP430单片机基础与实践[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[32]朱大锐,张团善,高文.ATmega128L单片机的Micro SD卡读写[J].技术纵横,2009,2009(5)：37-39.
[33]段勇,陈真诚,宋含.基于MSP430单片机的SD卡读写[J].生物医学工程研究,2007,26(4)：347-350.
[34]尤国红.基于CAN总线的标定系统界面平台设计[D].大连：大连交通大学,2008.
[35]詹林献.MEMS器件的可靠性研究与测试系统的开发[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009.
[36]李宵宵.加速度传感器的标定系统与实验研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2010.