基于嵌入式的发酵过程控制系统的研究与应用
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摘要
生物发酵工业是现代生物技术的重要组成部分,将嵌入式计算机系统应用到生物过程控制领域里来,不仅可以减少外设,降低了成本,提高了系统的实时性和可靠性,同时也提高了生物发酵设备的自动化程度。
由于生物发酵过程本身是一种复杂的、高度非线性的、时变的生化反应过程,控制量众多,所以采用传统的控制方法很难进行有效的控制。因此,本设计根据生物发酵过程的特点,在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,针对复杂的、时变的、非线性的生物发酵过程,将智能控制技术引入到生物发酵控制过程中。对发酵过程中温度、PH等的控制算法进行了研究,分别设计了温度复合模糊控制和PH参数自整定PID控制,并通过模拟仿真和实例分析,验证智能控制算法的有效性。
根据发酵控制的要求,本设计现场控制的硬件平台采用ARM920T内核的嵌入式片上系统S3C2410为核心,并且在此基础上设计了外围的接口电路以及控制的输入输出通道。外围的接口电路包括控制器的选择、存贮器接口电路、电源电路、串口电路和USB接口电路;输入输出通道包括输入转换电路、模拟量输出通道和数字量输出通道。
嵌入式操作系统选择的是Windows CE操作系统,给出了嵌入式Windows CE系统定制的方法,在处理器上移植了嵌入式实时操作系统Window CE,并且根据目标设备进行了相应的配置。并且在此基础上,根据生物发酵过程控制系统的一些基本特点,对系统的驱动需求做了进一步剖析,以ADC驱动程序为例,深入分析了Windows CE设备驱动程序的开发。
最后采用了EVC(Embedded VC++)界面开发工具编写了嵌入式生物发酵控制系统下位机的监控软件,监控软件所实现的功能包括:数据的采集通信功能、系统故障报警功能、控制算法的实现、实时数据和历史数据的显示、实时控制。设计的人机界面达到了界面美观、交互性强、操作方便的要求,很好的实现了远程监控。
Fermentation industry is important component of modern biological technology. The applied the embedded system to biological process control field, which not only can reduce peripherals, reduce the cost, improve real-time and reliability of the system, and also improve the fermentation equipment automation degree.
Fermentation process itself is a kind of complex, highly nonlinear, time-varying of biochemical reaction process and with a lot of control variables, so that it will meet a lot of bottleneck to carry on the effective control with traditional control method. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the fermentation process and summarizing the domestic and foreign relevant research, this design introduced intelligent control technology into the fermentation process control based on complex, time-varying, nonlinear fermentation process.The temperature, PH and DO control algorithm was studied in the fermentation process. This article respectively designed temperature composite fuzzy control and PH parameter self-setting PID control, then through the simulation and example analysis, verify the validity of the intelligent control algorithm.
According to the requirements of fermentation control, the design of the control hardware platform used S3C2410 of embedded chip system based on ARM920T kernel as the core. On this basis, it designed the outer interface circuit and control input/output channels. Peripheral interface circuit include the choice of the controller, memory interface circuit, the power supply circuit, serial interface circuit and the USB interface circuit. Input/output channels include input conversion circuits, analog output channel and digital output channel.
Embedded operating system choosed Windows CE operating system, given the Windows CE system customization of method and transplantate embedded real-time operating system Window CE.Then according to the destination device config the corresponding. And on this basis, according to the characteristics of fermentation process control system, the system driver needs given further analysis.Taking ADC driver as an example, deeply analyse development of the Windows CE device driver.
The under machine monitoring software of the embedded fermentation control system used the EVC interface development tools. The realization of monitoring software function include the collecting the data of communication function, system fault alarm function, the realization of the control algorithm, real-time control, real-time and historical data show. The human machine interface has beautiful interface, strong interactivity, convenient operation requirements and good realized the remote monitoring.
由于生物发酵过程本身是一种复杂的、高度非线性的、时变的生化反应过程,控制量众多,所以采用传统的控制方法很难进行有效的控制。因此,本设计根据生物发酵过程的特点,在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,针对复杂的、时变的、非线性的生物发酵过程,将智能控制技术引入到生物发酵控制过程中。对发酵过程中温度、PH等的控制算法进行了研究,分别设计了温度复合模糊控制和PH参数自整定PID控制,并通过模拟仿真和实例分析,验证智能控制算法的有效性。
根据发酵控制的要求,本设计现场控制的硬件平台采用ARM920T内核的嵌入式片上系统S3C2410为核心,并且在此基础上设计了外围的接口电路以及控制的输入输出通道。外围的接口电路包括控制器的选择、存贮器接口电路、电源电路、串口电路和USB接口电路;输入输出通道包括输入转换电路、模拟量输出通道和数字量输出通道。
嵌入式操作系统选择的是Windows CE操作系统,给出了嵌入式Windows CE系统定制的方法,在处理器上移植了嵌入式实时操作系统Window CE,并且根据目标设备进行了相应的配置。并且在此基础上,根据生物发酵过程控制系统的一些基本特点,对系统的驱动需求做了进一步剖析,以ADC驱动程序为例,深入分析了Windows CE设备驱动程序的开发。
最后采用了EVC(Embedded VC++)界面开发工具编写了嵌入式生物发酵控制系统下位机的监控软件,监控软件所实现的功能包括:数据的采集通信功能、系统故障报警功能、控制算法的实现、实时数据和历史数据的显示、实时控制。设计的人机界面达到了界面美观、交互性强、操作方便的要求,很好的实现了远程监控。
Fermentation industry is important component of modern biological technology. The applied the embedded system to biological process control field, which not only can reduce peripherals, reduce the cost, improve real-time and reliability of the system, and also improve the fermentation equipment automation degree.
Fermentation process itself is a kind of complex, highly nonlinear, time-varying of biochemical reaction process and with a lot of control variables, so that it will meet a lot of bottleneck to carry on the effective control with traditional control method. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the fermentation process and summarizing the domestic and foreign relevant research, this design introduced intelligent control technology into the fermentation process control based on complex, time-varying, nonlinear fermentation process.The temperature, PH and DO control algorithm was studied in the fermentation process. This article respectively designed temperature composite fuzzy control and PH parameter self-setting PID control, then through the simulation and example analysis, verify the validity of the intelligent control algorithm.
According to the requirements of fermentation control, the design of the control hardware platform used S3C2410 of embedded chip system based on ARM920T kernel as the core. On this basis, it designed the outer interface circuit and control input/output channels. Peripheral interface circuit include the choice of the controller, memory interface circuit, the power supply circuit, serial interface circuit and the USB interface circuit. Input/output channels include input conversion circuits, analog output channel and digital output channel.
Embedded operating system choosed Windows CE operating system, given the Windows CE system customization of method and transplantate embedded real-time operating system Window CE.Then according to the destination device config the corresponding. And on this basis, according to the characteristics of fermentation process control system, the system driver needs given further analysis.Taking ADC driver as an example, deeply analyse development of the Windows CE device driver.
The under machine monitoring software of the embedded fermentation control system used the EVC interface development tools. The realization of monitoring software function include the collecting the data of communication function, system fault alarm function, the realization of the control algorithm, real-time control, real-time and historical data show. The human machine interface has beautiful interface, strong interactivity, convenient operation requirements and good realized the remote monitoring.
引文
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3.田洪涛.现代发酵工艺原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007.
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5.余江龙.发酵工程原理与技术应用[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社, 2006.
6.邱立友.发酵工程与设备[M].中国农业出版社, 2007.
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9.欧阳平凯.发酵工程关键技术及其应用[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社, 2005.
10.王树青.发酵过程控制的新进展[J].化工自动化及仪表, 1995,22(4):3~10.
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12.李天博,李甘林.低成本DCS在发酵罐群微机测控系统中的应用[J].工业控制计算机, 2002,15(6):29-31.
13.陈坚,刘立明,堵国成.发酵过程优化原理与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2009.
14.肖亚旺,徐保国等.发酵过程实时监测与控制系统的研究[J].测控技术, 2003,22(7):18-22.
15.陈文智.嵌入式系统开发原理与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.8,8~10.
16.田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.4,50~123.
17.杭州立宇泰电子有限公司.S3C2410中文数据手册. 2007.10,1~15.
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20.周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.
21.朱华生,冯祥胜.基于ARM智能家居控制器设计与实现[L].微计算机信息, 2007,1-2: 85-87.
22. Simon, J Gwiasda, J Kuhls, I Werner. Development of a display module using flip chip on flex Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium[J],Proceedings of 1995 Japan International,IEEE/CPMT International, 1995, 12(4~6):48~51.
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25.李仁厚.智能控制理论和方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1999.
26. Riid, A. Rustern, E. Automatic linguistic inversion of a fuzzy model for fed-batch fermentation plant [J]. 2006 International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Syetems, 2006:66-69.
27. Nagy, Zoltan Kalman. Model based control of a yeast fermentation bioreactor using optimally designed artificial neural networks [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007:127, Mar 1:95-109.
28. Odetunji, O.A. Kehinde, O.O Computer simulation of fuzzy control system for gari fermentation plant [J]. Journal of Food Engineering, v 68, n 2, May 2005:197-207.
29. Levisauskas, D.Tekorius, T Model-based optimaization of fed-batch fermentation processes using predetermined type feed-rate time profies: a comparative study [J].Information Technology and Control, v 34, n 3, 2005:231-6.
30.王耀南,刘冶.智能PID控制器在工业对象中的应用[J].自动化仪表, 2001,21(5):23-25.
31.韩瑞珍.PID控制器参数模糊自整定研究[D].浙江工业大学, 2001.
32.李文娟,孙玉坤.生物发酵过程温度模糊PID控制系统研究[J].微计算机信息, 2008(07):43~45.
33.熊伟丽,徐保国等.基于PLC的Fuzzy-PI发酵温度控制系统[J].计算机工程, 2005,31(9):7-9.
34.于浩洋,初红霞,王希凤.MATLAB实用教程—控制系统仿真与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2009.6.
35.罗建军,杨琦.精讲多练MATLAB[M].西安西安交通大学出版社, 2004.
36.于润伟.MATLAB7.0基础及应用[M].北京机械工业出版社, 2005.
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