东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)电刺激采精及冻融前后精子超微结构研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)是国家一级保护动物,我国现存野生东北虎的数量很少,而人工圈养的东北虎又存在近亲繁殖的现象。对东北虎的精液进行超低温冷冻保存研究,为将来建立精液的种质资源库,通过人工授精在圈养虎和野生虎之间进行基因交流,避免近亲繁殖造成的种群退化,增加虎基因的多样性,对于更加有效的保护东北虎具有十分重要的意义。
     本研究对17只东北虎进行了23次电刺激采精,并对取得精液进行品质分析。结果表明,不同虎个体对电刺激采精的电压敏感度不同,在平均电压为4.78±1.3伏时射精。所采集精液量平均为4.02±1.18mL,pH值为7.05±0.26,精子密度为23.43±33.87×10~6个/mL,精子活率为62.9±19.96%,畸形率为45.06±14.96%。从总体上看12月份和1月份采精效果最好,有精率占全年的57.2%,10月和11月的采精效果最差,无精率占全年的44.4%,表明东北虎精液品质受季节影响。
     通过比较果糖和葡萄糖两种冷冻稀释液对精子的保护情况,发现果糖冷冻稀释液对虎精子的保护效果较好,冻融后精子活率达到58.85%,畸形率为58.88±11.88%,顶体完整率为82.43±4.04%;葡萄糖冷冻稀释液,解冻后精子活率为13.83%,畸形率为63.1±1.7%,顶体完整率为83.1±8.3%。
     用扫描电镜和透射电镜对东北虎精子形态和结构的观察表明,东北虎精子全长52.57±1.25μm,可分为头部和尾部。在头部和尾部颈段处及尾部中段前方常见原生质滴,内含线粒体。头部:正面呈圆形长约为3.98±0.58μm;宽约3.41±0.59μm。颈段:颈段是连接头部和尾部的结构,颈段较短0.66±0.106μm,内含中心粒和节柱。中段:长8.627±1.166μm,由线粒体包围,线粒体为31-34旋,轴丝为常见的“9+2”结构。主段和末段长39.31±1.25μm。
     冷冻对于精子损伤主要表现在质膜和线粒体,而这些变化会在不同程度上引起受精率的下降。精子在冻融过程中质膜易发生膨胀或断裂、顶体囊泡化或溃散,而质膜和顶体丢失现象较少。可见,冷冻保护液只能一定程度的保护精子,冷冻对于精子的损伤是不可避免的。
Siberian tiger is first-grade state protected mammals in China and the total number of wild Siberian tiger is seldom today.The inbreeding phenomenon occurred often in Siberian tigers of artifical breeding.The study of cryopreserve sperma in Siberian tiger could allow to found long-range banking of gene pools in the future as well as promote gene flow between captive and wild population,hedging against losing more genetic variation and have more effect to protect it.
     An Electroejaculation technique was applied to the Siberian tiger for semen collection and characterization of their seminal traits,and the semen were recovered from 23 of 17 tigers.The results show different voltage was suitable for the electro of the different individuals.Ejaculation was happened on the mean of 4.78±1.3V.The mean values of ejaculation were:volume,4.02±1.18mL;pH,7.05±0.26;sperm concentration,23.43_33.87x10~6/mL;motility,62.9±19.96%;abnormal sperm percentage,45.06+14.96%.As a whole,the efficiency of eletroejaculation was best in December and January,accounting 57.2%of all the rate of producing seminal fluid containing spermatozoa in a year;it was worst in October and November,that accounting 44.4%of all the rate of aspermia in a year.That state seasonality has effect on semen strait.
     The effect on protecting of spermatozoal motility was compared by using these different cryoprotective diluent with fructose extender and glucose extender in this study.These results demonstrate that the fructose diluent is better than the glucose one in post-thaw motility of 58.85 and 13.83%,abnormal sperm of 58.88±11.88%and 63.1±1.7%,intact acrosome of 82.43±4.04%and 83.1±8.3%,respectively.
     Spermatozoal structure was observed by transmission electron microscope,scanning electron miceoscope and light microscope in the study.The spermatozoa total length is 53.424±0.7μm,and consist of the head and the tail.Cytoplasmic droplets can be seen in the distal or proximal position or the midpiece,including mitochondria of tiger spermatozoa.The head:rounded in shape and length 3.98±0.58μm,width 3.41±0.59μm.The nick:length 0.66±0.106μm,including of centriole and segmented columns.The middle piece of the tail is 8.627±1.166μm.Its axonemal complex have an usual "9+2" pattern.;its mitochondria makes 31-34 turns.The principal and terminal piece of the tail is 39.31±1.25μm.
     The cryodamage was observed in the cell membrane and mitochondria.All of these changes were found to contribute to a general decline in post-cryopreservation semen fertility.The plasma membrane was expanded extremely or broken and the acrosome was vesiculatcd or dispersed while plasma membrane and acrosome seldom lost.Thus,cryoprotectivc diluent could protected sperm in partly,and the sperm cryodamage could be not avoided.
引文
[1] 孟宪林等.虎及其保护.野生动物,1995,(1):9-12
    [2] 于孝臣,孙宝刚,孙海义等.黑龙江省东北虎的分布和种群数量.野生动物,2000,(2):14-16
    [3] 孙海义,卢向东,田家龙.黑龙江省东北虎野外种群监测研究.林业科技,2005,30(6):33-34
    [4] 李彤,蒋劲松,吴志刚等.吉林省东北虎的调查.兽类学报,2001,21(1):1-6
    [5] 刘宇.吉林挥春自然保护区冬季野生东北虎生态学问题研究.华东师范大学硕士论文,2005:12-16
    [6] 牟景君,吴景盛,李占方.人类应共同承担起拯救东北虎的责任.中国林业,2001,(3):26-27
    [7] 章柯.野生东北虎数量回升.人与自然,2006,(1):58-61
    [8] IO.A.达尔曼,B.E.叶吉里留克,Ⅱ.B.佛敏科等.俄罗斯远东地区东北虎现状及其保护.野生动物,2006,(2):19-23
    [9] Linda L Kerley, John M Goodrich, Dale G Miquelle. et al. Reproductive Parameters of Wild Female Amur(Siberian) Tigers(Panthera tigris altaica). Journal of Mammalogy, 2003, 84(1): 288
    [10] 王剑.中国猫科动物繁育中心圈养东北虎种群遗传多样性的研究.东北林业大学硕士论文.2006:4
    [11] 赫俊峰,于孝臣,史玉明.东北虎分布区的历史变迁及种群变动.林业科技,1997,22(1):28-30
    [12] 高中信,马建章.世界虎的现状及保护.野生动物,1996,89(1):3-7
    [13] 桑滋润.动物繁殖生物技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2002:189-199
    [14] 唐光武,侯春彬,阎培安.猪的采精与人工授精技术.河北畜牧兽医,2004,20(12):29-30
    [15] 李杰,杜晓鹏,曹景锋.我国犬业采用冷冻精液进行人工授精的重要性.江西畜牧兽医杂志,2005,(2):39-40
    [16] 宋金昌,范莉,李文利.蓝狐人工授精技术的研究.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2005,(5):66-67
    [17] 吴兴利,晋锋.犬人工授精技术初步探讨.畜牧与兽医,2001,33(2):20-21
    [18] 郑鸿培.动物繁殖学.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2005:257-263
    [19] 张忠诚.家畜繁殖学.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:216-219
    [20] 孙秀奎,李朋,徐宝岩.徒手采集猪精液技术.黑龙江动物繁殖,2003,11(1):30-31
    [21] 岳文斌,杨国义,任有蛇等.动物繁殖新技术.北京:中国农业出版社,2003:16-21
    [22] 钱国成.狐的人工授精技术.特种经济动植轨,2002,(1):6-7
    [23] 李昊帮,李武.马鹿电刺激采精及精液冷冻保存.特种动物,2006,(2):40-41
    [24] 陈丽梅,侯蓉,张美佳等.亚洲黑熊电刺激采精及精液品质分析.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002,(2):1-3
    [25] 吴晓民,李宝山,耿孝嫒.北极狐电刺激采精技术的研究.经济动物学报,1997,1(4):1-3
    [26] 李涤非,吴晓民,李宝山.乌苏里貉电刺激采精技术.经济动物学报,2003,7(3):7-8
    [27] 黄炎,李德生,张和民.大熊猫电刺激采精及精液冷冻保存研究.四川师范学院学报,2000,21(3):238-243
    [28] 韩增胜,杨长锁,刘学武.林麝电刺激采精及精液品质分析.中国草食动物,2003,23(5):22-23
    [29] 黎宗强,卢克焕,谢莉萍.食蟹猴阴茎电刺激采精及精液特征的初步研究.广西农业生物科学,2004,23(3):217-221
    [30] 李聚学,郑新民,乔宪凤.小鼠的非手术法采精.动物学报,2004,50(4):657-661
    [31] 吴晓民,李宝山,耿孝嫒.北极狐电刺激采精中麻醉效果观察.毛皮动物,1995,(1):8-10
    [32] 郭春林,马玉斌,杨云光.梅花鹿半麻醉站立式电刺激采精.畜牧与兽医,1994,26(3):118
    [33] D. E. Wildt, L. G. Phillips, L. G. Simmons. Male reproduction: Assessment, management and control of fertility. In: Wild mammals in captivity.(Eds.) Harris, H., Kleiman, D. G., Allen, M. E., Thompson, K. V., Lumpkin, S. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1996: 429-450
    [34] M. C. Schiewe, M. Bush, de Vos V. Semen Characteristics, Sperm Freezing, and Endocrine Profiles in Free-ranging Wildebeest(Connochaete taurinus) and Greater Kudu(Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Zoo Wildlife, 1991, (22): 58-72
    [35] D. E. Wildt, J. L. Brown, M. H. Barone. Reproductive Status of Cheetahs(Acinonx jubatus) in North American Zoos: The Benefits of Physiological Surveys for Strategic Planning. Zoo Biol, 1993, 12(1): 45-80
    [36] 李涤非,王静婉,车利锋.乌苏里貉在电刺激采精条件下的精液品质.陕西师范大学学报自然科学版,2006,34(s1):153-154
    [37] M. L. Schmehl, E. F. Graham. Ultrastructure of the Domestic Cat(Felis domestica) and Tiger(Pantheratigris altaica) Spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 1989, 31(4): 861-874
    [38] R. C. R. da Paz, R, M. Zuge, R. G. Morato. Penetrantion Assay of Frozen Jaguar(Panthera onca) Sperm in Heterologous Oocytes. Theriogenology, 2002, 57(1): 588
    [39] 郝易风,景星,高洪宝.金钱豹人工授精的研究.野生动物,1990,53(1):23-26
    [40] 李广武,郑从义,唐兵.低温生物学.湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,1998:41-71
    [41] 刘玉堂.精液冷冻保存的影响因素分析.黑龙江动物繁殖,2003,11(2):10-14
    [42] Farstad W. Current State in Biotechnology in Canine and Feline Reproduction. Anim Reprod Sci, 2000, 60, 61(4): 375-387
    [43] 黄全成,杨军祥,张文举.咖啡因提高山羊精液冷冻效果试验.甘肃畜牧兽医,1997,27(1):5-7
    [44] 文国艺.咖啡因预处理解冻精液对牛体外受精的影响.西南农业学报,2000,13(2):95-97
    [45] 蔡吉光.稀释液中添加不同浓度的维生素B_(12)对牛细管冷冻精液精子形态的影响.辽宁农业职业技术学院学报,2004,6(2):10-11
    [46] 哈福.绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加复合维生素B提高冻精解冻后品质的研究.甘肃农业大学学报,2003,38(1):17-19
    [47] 罗海玲,贾志海,朱士恩.稀释液中添加维生素E对绵羊冷冻精液品质的影响.中国畜牧杂志,2004,40(11):7-9
    [48] 王英智,王思珍,李曙光.解冻温度对牛颗粒冷冻精液品质影响的初步研究.哲里木畜牧学院学报,1998,8(2):14-16
    [49] 瞿桂玉,郭士权.利木赞种公牛精液冷冻中精子顶体和精清内酶的变化.草与畜杂志,1996,(4):17-19
    [50] 陈田飞,吴大洋,李春峰.冷冻保存对家蚕精液乳酸脱氢酶活性的影响.西南农业大学学报,2006,26(6):764-768
    [51] 邓顺美,李叔庚,文建国等.不育症精子乳酸脱氢酶同功酶LDHx活性测定及其定位研究.中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志,2001,10(1):8-12
    [52] 孙凤俊,邴印忠,车丽美等.银狐精子冷冻前后超微结构的研究.黑龙江动物繁殖,2001,9(2):1-3
    [53] 杨智.梅花鹿精子冷冻前后形态和超微结构的研究.畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(6):493-498
    [54] 张熹保,张仁成,邹啸环等.德国枚羊犬冷冻精子超微结构的研究.黑龙江畜牧兽医,1994,(11):32-33
    [55] 曹文雷,向祖琼,李铮.热休克蛋白90在人精子冻融前后的表达及其意义.中国男科学杂志,2002,16(4):277-280
    [56] 吕兆启,李维琪,吾尔尼沙.绵羊精子超微结构的改变和精清中多种酶的释放.畜牧兽医学报,1982,13(3):161-165
    [57] 陈大元,叶志勇,张致一.大熊猫精子的超显微结构.动物学报,1984,30(4):301-304
    [58] 董燕红,陈世超,赵强等.金钱豹精子超微结构观察.动物学报,1988,34(4):384
    [59] 郝易风.水貂精子超微结构的观察及生殖功能分析.毛皮动物饲养,1989,(2):2-5
    [60] 秦鹏春.哺乳动物胚胎学.北京:科学出版社,2001:76-80
    [61] 刘国世,刘志平,孔瑾.西藏獒犬精子的超微结构观察.黑龙江动物繁殖,1999,7(2):3-5
    [62] D. J. Hosken. Sperm Biology: Size Indeed Matters. Current Biology, 2003, 13(9): R355-R356.
    [63] M. J. G.. Gage, E. H. Morrow. Experimental Evidence for the Evolution of Numerous, Tiny Sperm via Sperm Competition. Current Biology, 2003, 13(9): 754-757
    [64] 刘代成,吕连升,隋顺霞.家猫精子的超微结构.山东师范大学学报,1989.(4):43-48
    [65] Schmehl M. K., Graham E. F., Byers A. P. Characteristics of Fresh and Cryopreserved Siberian Tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) Semen and its Seminal Plasma Chemical Constituents. Zoo Biology, 1990, 9(6): 431-436
    [66] D Zambelli, B Caneppele, C Castagnetti, S Belluzzi. Cryopreservation of Cat Semen in Straws: Comparison of Five Different Freezing Rates. Reprod Dora Anim, 2002, 37(5): 310-313
    [67] 李昊帮,李武.马鹿电刺激采精及精液冷冻保存.特种动物,2006,(2):40-41
    [68] D. E. Wildt, L. G. Phillips, L. G. Simmons. A Comparative Analysis of Ejaculate and Hormonal Characteristics of the Captive Male Cheetah, Tiger, Leopard, and Puma. Biology of Reproduction, 1998, 38: 245-255
    [69] D. EWildt, L. G. Phillips, L. G. Simmons.. Seminal-endocrine Characteristics of the Tiger and the Potential for Artificial Breeding. Tiger of the Wold. The Biology Biopolitics Management and Conservation of an Endangered Species. R. L. Tilson; U. S. Seal, eds. Park Ridge, Noyes Publications, 1987: 254-279
    [70] Donoghue A M, Johnston L A, Seal U S. In vitro Fertilization and Embryo Development in vitro and in vitro in the Tiger(Panthera tigris). Biology of Reproduction, 1990, 43: 733-744
    [71] Joao N, Chagas e Silva, D V M, Rui M Leitao, Ph D, Narciso E Lapao. Birth of Siberian Tiger(Panthera Tigris Altaica) Cubs after Transvaginal Artificial Insemination. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medinice, 2000, 31(4): 566-569
    [72] 马建章,金昆等编著.虎研究.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2003:190-202
    [73] Byers A P, Hunter A G, Seal U S, Graharm E F and Tilson R L. Effect of Season on Seminal Traits and Serum Hormone Concentration in Captive Male Siberian Tigers(Panthera tigris). Repord. Fert., 1990, 90: 119-125
    [74] Seal U S, Plotka E D, Smith J D, Wright F H, Reindl N J, Tatlor R S. Immunoreactive Luteinizing, Hormone, Estradiol, Progesterone, Testosterone and Androstenedione Levels during the Breeding Season and Anestres in Siberian Tigers. Biol. Reprod., 1985, 32: 361-368
    [75] D. E. Wildt, A. P. Byers, L. Johnston, et al.. Tiger Genome Resource Banking Action Plan: Global Need and a Plan for North America Region. Apple Valley: IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 1995: 5-18
    [76] 谢成侠,刘铁铮.家畜繁殖原理及其应用.江苏:江苏科技出版社,1994:412-415
    [77] 张兆旺.稀释液溶质和渗透压对鸡精子体外存活及形态的影响.中国家禽,2001,23(8):50-52
    [78] 张江,乔伟伟,顾剑新.不同冷冻剂型和稀释保护液对Beagle犬精液冷冻的影响.实验动物与比较医学,2006,26(1):34-37
    [79] 禹学礼,粟颖华,庞有志.犬精液冷冻实验研究.河南科技大学学报,2004,24(2):32-36
    [80] 李新红,顾孝连,华修国.甘油浓度对蓝狐精子深低温冷冻保存的影响及冻融前后精子的超微结构.动物学研究,2003,24(6):421-428
    [81] 耿孝媛,吴晓民,车利锋.北极狐、乌苏里貉精液细管冷冻技术研究.经济动物学报,2005,(4):198-200
    [82] 易康乐.水牛冷冻精液稀释液配方改进的研究.广西大学硕士学位论文.2005:35-40
    [83] 梁琪妹.奶牛精液冷冻稀释液的研究.广西大学硕士学位论文.2006:30-32
    [84] 徐章龙,蒋伟华,蔡佳乐等.猪精液冷冻技术研究.中国畜牧杂志,1990,(4):28-32
    [85] 李林林.猪精液5mL细管冷冻保存技术研究.四川农业大学硕士学位论文.2006:20-21
    [86] 伏晓敏,徐惠明,金爱华.冷冻精子受精能力的综合评价.男科学报,1999,5(2):73-75
    [87] Sherman J K. Synopsis of the Use of Frozen Human Semen since 1964: State of the Art of Human Semen Banking. Fertil Steril, 1973, (24): 379
    [88] 伏晓敏,庄元忠,金爱华.人精子冷冻前后超微结构的变化.浙江医学,1998,20(11):662-663
    [89] 朱丽琳.现代生物技术在猫科动物繁殖中的应用.青海畜牧兽医杂志,2005,35(6):33-36
    [90] 商恩缘,季维智,杨上川.藏酋猴精子的电镜观察.动物学研究,1993,14(1):1-4
    [91] 李秋玲.马鹿精子体外获能及获能前后超微结构变化的研究.东北林业大学硕士学位论文.2005:31-32
    [92] 林丹军,尤永隆,陈炳英.大黄鱼精子冷冻复苏后活力和超微结构的变化.福建师范大学学报,2006,22(3):71-76
    [93] 周海燕,肖亚梅,罗凯坤.大鲵精子的超微结构研究.激光生物学报,2003,12(4):269-273
    [94] 柯佳颖,饶小珍,陈寅山.翡翠贻贝精子的超微结构.动物学杂志,2005,40(2):66-70
    [95] D. E. Wooley. Selection for the Length of the Spermatozoan Midpiece in the Mouse. Genet. Res., 1970, 16: 261
    [96] Thomas CA, Garner DL, DeJarnette JM, Marshall CE. Effect of Cryopreservation of Bovine Sperm Organelle Function and Viability as Determined by Flow Cytometry. Biol Reprod, 1998, 58: 786-793
    [97] Gadella BM, Lopes-Cardozo M, van Golde LM, Colenbrander B, Gadella Jr TW. Glycolipid Migration from the Apical to the Equatorial Subdomains of the Sperm Head Plasma Membrane Precedes the Acrosome Reaction. Evidence for a Primary Capacitation Event in Boar Spermatozoa. Cell Sci, 1995, 108: 935-946
    [98] Januskauskas A., Johannisson A., Rodriguez-Martinez H. Subtle Membrance Changes in Cryopreserved Bull Semen in Relation with Sperm Viability, Chromatin. Structure and Field Fertility. Theriogenology, 2003, 60(4): 743-758
    [99] Eneiva Carla Carvalho Celeghini, Rubens Paes de Arruda, Andr'e Furugen Cesar de Andrade. Effects that Bovine Sperm Cryopreservation Using Two Different Extenders has on Sperm Membranes and Chromatin. Animal Reproduction Science, 2007, 2(9): 1-13
    [100] 徐惠明,张军荣,富炜.人精子冷冻前后超微结构及受精能力的变化.浙江预防医 学,2006,18(3):4-5
    [101] M. O'Connell, N. McClure, S. E. M. Lewis. The Effects of Cryopreserved on Sperm Morphology Motility and Mitochondrial Function. Human reproduction, 2002, 17(3): 704-709
    [102] 朱培元,马玉苹.精子DNA完整性在男性不育中的作用.中华男科学,2004,10(3):222-226
    [103] Zini A., Fischer MA, Sharir S, et al. Prevalence of Abnormal Sperm DNA Denaturation in Fertile and Infertile Men. Urology, 2002, 60(6): 1069-1072
    [104] 张巧玉,常青,史常旭.不同冷冻保护剂对人精子染色体及超微结构影响的研究.重庆医学,2002,31(7):550-552
    [105] 蒲军,陈在贤.低温冷冻对人精子染色体的影响.中华男科学,2002,8(1):45-47
    [106] 黄东晖.冷冻对人精子遗传物质的影响.中华男科学,2002,8(3):218-220
    [107] 宋博,郑履康,邓丽霞.冰冻对精子DNA的影响.中华男科学,2002,8(4):253-25
    [108] Watson P. F. Recent Developments and Concepts in the Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa and the Assessment of their Post-thawing Function. Reprod. Fertil., 1995, 7: 871-891
    [109] M. Anzar, L. He, M. M. Buhr. Sperm Apoptosis in Fresh and Cryopreserved Bull Semen Detected by Flow Cytometry and its Relationship with Fertility. Biol. Reprod., 2002, 66: 354-360
    [110] Watson. P. E. The Causes of Reduced Fertility with Cryopreserved Semen. Animal Reproduction Science, 2000, 60-61(4): 481-492

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700