甘青青兰、藜蒿挥发油成分研究
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摘要
本论文首次对唇形科青藏高原特有植物甘青青兰(Dracocephalumtanguticum Maxim.)和菊科洞庭湖区植物藜蒿(Artemisia selengensisTurcz.)挥发油进行了气相色谱-质谱联用法分析。以面积归一化法确定各组分的相对百分含量,经质谱数据系统(NIST98谱库)检索,对挥发油中的化学成分进行了鉴定。
1.甘青青兰挥发油成分研究
提取方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO_2萃取法提取甘青青兰挥发油。
结论:水蒸气蒸馏挥发油鉴定出66种化合物,占总挥发油相对百分含量的76.581%。主要成分为:桉油醇(18.080%)、(1α,2α,5α)-2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-庚酮(8.794%)、甲基环戊烷(4.222%)、芳樟醇(3.683%)、4-甲基-1(1-甲乙基)-2-环己烯-1卜醇(3.052%)、(+)-α-萜品醇(2.579%)、1-甲基-4-(1-甲乙基)苯(2.559%)、1S-6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基二环[3.1.1]己烷(2.483%)、(E,E)-10-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-3,7-环十一碳二烯1-酮(2.349%)、(-)-斯巴醇(2.183%)、(1α,2αc,5α)-4,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-己烯-2-醇(2.150%)等;超临界CO_2萃取挥发油鉴定出39种化合物,占总挥发油的42.857%。主要成分有:桉油醇(4.909%)、(1α,2α,5α)-2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-庚酮(4.895%)、α,α,4,8-四甲基-3,7-环癸二烯-1-甲醇(4.523%)、1,6-二甲基-9-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-5,12-二氧杂三环[9.1.0.0(4,6)]-8-十二烷酮(4.287%)、(E,E)-3,7-二甲基-10-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-3,7-环癸二烯-1酮(3.973%)、(-)-斯巴醇(2.499%)、吉玛烯D(2.030%)、Z-β-萜品醇(2.029%)等。
2.野生藜蒿挥发油成分研究
提取方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油。
结论:野生藜蒿挥发油鉴定出48种化合物,占挥发油相对百分含量的72.116%。主要成分有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2-803%)等。
3.野生藜蒿与人工种植藜蒿挥发油成分比较研究
从四个人工种植藜蒿的挥发油中分别鉴定出40、49、42、42种化合物,相对百分含量分别占总挥发油的45.356%、46.331%、50.593%、44.089%,主要成分为:檀香三烯(10.484～13.535%)、α-蒎烯(7.645～9.897%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(0.375～5.969%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(2.250～4.537%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)环己烷(3.233～4.398%)、β-水芹烯(2.893～3.568%)、丁香烯(1.854～3.159%)、α-丁香烯(1.183～1.884%)等。与野生藜蒿挥发油相比,成分相差较大;相同成分仅20种,且相对含量亦存在明显差异。野生藜蒿挥发油以倍半萜及其衍生物为主,占挥发性成分相对含量的58.154%,单萜及其衍生物仅占7.1 36%,而人工种植藜蒿挥发油以单萜及其衍生物为主,占挥发性成分相对含量的25.126～31.548%,倍半萜及其衍生物仅占11.759～15.453%。
In the present study,essential oils extracted from Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.,a labiatae plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,a composite plant in Dongting region,were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The volatile components from the plants were identified with the help of the normal mass spectral data(NIST98 database).The relative contents of volatile components were calculated by the peak area normalization method.
1.Study of essential oils in Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.
Extraction:Steam distillation(SD)and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction(SFE-CO_2)were adopted.
Conclusions:66 compounds were identified in the essential oil obtained by SD,which occupied 76.581%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Eucalyptol(18.080%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one,2,6,6-trimethyl-, (1.alpha.,2.alpha.,5.alpha.)-(8.794%),Cyclopentane,methyl-(4.222%), 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-(3.683%),2-Cyclohexen- 1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(R)-(3.052%),(+)-alpha.-Terpineol(2.579%), Benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(2.559%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene,(1S)-(2.483%),3,7-Cyclodecadien-1-one, 10-(1-methylethylidene)-,(E,E)-(2.349%),(-)-Spathulenol(2.183%), Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol,4,6,6-trimethyl-,(1alpha.,2alpha.,5alpha.)-(2.150%)。
38 compounds were identified in the essential oil obtained by SFE-CO_2, which occupied 42.857%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Eucalyptol(4.909%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one,2,6,6-trimethyl-, (1.alpha.,2.alpha.,5.alpha.)-(4.895%),3,7-Cyclodecadiene-1-methanol,.al pha.,.alpha.,4,8-tetramethyl-(4.523%),1,6-Dimethyl-9-(1-methylethyliden e)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.1.0.0(4,6)]dodecan-8-one(4.287%),3,7-Cyclodeca dien-1-one,3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-,(E,E)-(3.973%),(-)-Sp athulenol(2.499%),Germacrene D(2.030%),Z-.beta.-Ter- pineol (2.029%).
2.Study of essential oil in wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz.
Extraction:Steam distillation was adopted.
Conclusions:48 compounds were identified in the essential oil of wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,which occupied 72.116%in all essential oils.The major compounds are.alpha.-Caryophyllene(15.734%), Caryophyllene(13.246%),Cyclohexane,1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-(1-methyl-ethenyl)-4-(1-methylethylidene)-(9.511%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene,7,11-dime thyl-3-methylene-,(E)-(5.267%),1(2H)- Naphthalenone,octahydre-4a,8a-dimethyl-7(1-methylethyl)-, (4.184%),E,Z-2,13-Octadecadien 1-ol (4.126%),.alpha.-bisabolol(2.950%),Bicyclo[2.2.1]hextan-2-ol,1,7,7- trimethyl-,acetate,(1S-endo)-(2.845%),Germacrene D(2.803%)。
3.Comparison of compounds in the essential oils between wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz and artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.
40,49,42,42 compounds were identified in the essential oils of four samples of artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,which occupied 45.356%,46.331%,50.593%,44.089%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Santolina triene(10.484～13.535%),.alpha.-Pinene (7.645～9.897%),9,12- Octadecanoic acid(Z,Z)-(0.375～5.969%),1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11- dimethyl-3-methylene-,(E)-(2.250～4.537%), Cyclohexane,1-ethenyl-1- methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-(3.233～4.398%), beta.-Phellandrene(2.893～3.568%), Caryophyllene(1.854～3.159%),alpha.-Caryophyllene(1.183～1.884%).
There are dramatic differences on the components of essential oils between wild and artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.Only 20 components are same in the wild and the artificial plant,and there are significantly differences in the relative contents.In the essential oil of wild plant,sesquiterpenes and their derivates are major components. Their total content is 58.154%.The total content of monoterpenoids and their derivates is 7.136%.In the essential oil of artificial planted plant, monoterpenoids and their derivates are major components.Their total content of monoterpenoids and their derivates is 25.126～31.548%. The total content of sesquiterpenes and their derivates is 11.759～15.453%.
1.甘青青兰挥发油成分研究
提取方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO_2萃取法提取甘青青兰挥发油。
结论:水蒸气蒸馏挥发油鉴定出66种化合物,占总挥发油相对百分含量的76.581%。主要成分为:桉油醇(18.080%)、(1α,2α,5α)-2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-庚酮(8.794%)、甲基环戊烷(4.222%)、芳樟醇(3.683%)、4-甲基-1(1-甲乙基)-2-环己烯-1卜醇(3.052%)、(+)-α-萜品醇(2.579%)、1-甲基-4-(1-甲乙基)苯(2.559%)、1S-6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基二环[3.1.1]己烷(2.483%)、(E,E)-10-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-3,7-环十一碳二烯1-酮(2.349%)、(-)-斯巴醇(2.183%)、(1α,2αc,5α)-4,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-己烯-2-醇(2.150%)等;超临界CO_2萃取挥发油鉴定出39种化合物,占总挥发油的42.857%。主要成分有:桉油醇(4.909%)、(1α,2α,5α)-2,6,6-三甲基二环[3.1.1]-3-庚酮(4.895%)、α,α,4,8-四甲基-3,7-环癸二烯-1-甲醇(4.523%)、1,6-二甲基-9-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-5,12-二氧杂三环[9.1.0.0(4,6)]-8-十二烷酮(4.287%)、(E,E)-3,7-二甲基-10-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-3,7-环癸二烯-1酮(3.973%)、(-)-斯巴醇(2.499%)、吉玛烯D(2.030%)、Z-β-萜品醇(2.029%)等。
2.野生藜蒿挥发油成分研究
提取方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油。
结论:野生藜蒿挥发油鉴定出48种化合物,占挥发油相对百分含量的72.116%。主要成分有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2-803%)等。
3.野生藜蒿与人工种植藜蒿挥发油成分比较研究
从四个人工种植藜蒿的挥发油中分别鉴定出40、49、42、42种化合物,相对百分含量分别占总挥发油的45.356%、46.331%、50.593%、44.089%,主要成分为:檀香三烯(10.484～13.535%)、α-蒎烯(7.645～9.897%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(0.375～5.969%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(2.250～4.537%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)环己烷(3.233～4.398%)、β-水芹烯(2.893～3.568%)、丁香烯(1.854～3.159%)、α-丁香烯(1.183～1.884%)等。与野生藜蒿挥发油相比,成分相差较大;相同成分仅20种,且相对含量亦存在明显差异。野生藜蒿挥发油以倍半萜及其衍生物为主,占挥发性成分相对含量的58.154%,单萜及其衍生物仅占7.1 36%,而人工种植藜蒿挥发油以单萜及其衍生物为主,占挥发性成分相对含量的25.126～31.548%,倍半萜及其衍生物仅占11.759～15.453%。
In the present study,essential oils extracted from Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.,a labiatae plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,a composite plant in Dongting region,were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The volatile components from the plants were identified with the help of the normal mass spectral data(NIST98 database).The relative contents of volatile components were calculated by the peak area normalization method.
1.Study of essential oils in Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.
Extraction:Steam distillation(SD)and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction(SFE-CO_2)were adopted.
Conclusions:66 compounds were identified in the essential oil obtained by SD,which occupied 76.581%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Eucalyptol(18.080%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one,2,6,6-trimethyl-, (1.alpha.,2.alpha.,5.alpha.)-(8.794%),Cyclopentane,methyl-(4.222%), 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7-dimethyl-(3.683%),2-Cyclohexen- 1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(R)-(3.052%),(+)-alpha.-Terpineol(2.579%), Benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(2.559%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene,(1S)-(2.483%),3,7-Cyclodecadien-1-one, 10-(1-methylethylidene)-,(E,E)-(2.349%),(-)-Spathulenol(2.183%), Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol,4,6,6-trimethyl-,(1alpha.,2alpha.,5alpha.)-(2.150%)。
38 compounds were identified in the essential oil obtained by SFE-CO_2, which occupied 42.857%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Eucalyptol(4.909%),Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one,2,6,6-trimethyl-, (1.alpha.,2.alpha.,5.alpha.)-(4.895%),3,7-Cyclodecadiene-1-methanol,.al pha.,.alpha.,4,8-tetramethyl-(4.523%),1,6-Dimethyl-9-(1-methylethyliden e)-5,12-dioxatricyclo[9.1.0.0(4,6)]dodecan-8-one(4.287%),3,7-Cyclodeca dien-1-one,3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-,(E,E)-(3.973%),(-)-Sp athulenol(2.499%),Germacrene D(2.030%),Z-.beta.-Ter- pineol (2.029%).
2.Study of essential oil in wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz.
Extraction:Steam distillation was adopted.
Conclusions:48 compounds were identified in the essential oil of wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,which occupied 72.116%in all essential oils.The major compounds are.alpha.-Caryophyllene(15.734%), Caryophyllene(13.246%),Cyclohexane,1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-(1-methyl-ethenyl)-4-(1-methylethylidene)-(9.511%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene,7,11-dime thyl-3-methylene-,(E)-(5.267%),1(2H)- Naphthalenone,octahydre-4a,8a-dimethyl-7(1-methylethyl)-, (4.184%),E,Z-2,13-Octadecadien 1-ol (4.126%),.alpha.-bisabolol(2.950%),Bicyclo[2.2.1]hextan-2-ol,1,7,7- trimethyl-,acetate,(1S-endo)-(2.845%),Germacrene D(2.803%)。
3.Comparison of compounds in the essential oils between wild Artemisia selengensis Turcz and artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.
40,49,42,42 compounds were identified in the essential oils of four samples of artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.,which occupied 45.356%,46.331%,50.593%,44.089%in all essential oils.The major compounds are Santolina triene(10.484～13.535%),.alpha.-Pinene (7.645～9.897%),9,12- Octadecanoic acid(Z,Z)-(0.375～5.969%),1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11- dimethyl-3-methylene-,(E)-(2.250～4.537%), Cyclohexane,1-ethenyl-1- methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-(1-methyl-ethylidene)-(3.233～4.398%), beta.-Phellandrene(2.893～3.568%), Caryophyllene(1.854～3.159%),alpha.-Caryophyllene(1.183～1.884%).
There are dramatic differences on the components of essential oils between wild and artificial planted Artemisia selengensis Turcz.Only 20 components are same in the wild and the artificial plant,and there are significantly differences in the relative contents.In the essential oil of wild plant,sesquiterpenes and their derivates are major components. Their total content is 58.154%.The total content of monoterpenoids and their derivates is 7.136%.In the essential oil of artificial planted plant, monoterpenoids and their derivates are major components.Their total content of monoterpenoids and their derivates is 25.126～31.548%. The total content of sesquiterpenes and their derivates is 11.759～15.453%.
引文
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