机械产品消化吸收再创新设计理论与方法研究
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摘要
我国现在正经历从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的重要转变时期，自主创新成为这个时期最重要的推动力。《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006—2020）》将引进消化吸收再创新作为自主创新的重要组成部分。引进消化吸收再创新不仅可以弥补我国现阶段知识积累不足、科技水平相对较弱的劣势，还可以通过向科技发达国家学习提升我们的再创新能力。但是我国目前对引进的技术消化吸收效果明显不佳，再创新乏力，引进的技术没有发挥应有的作用。为了改变当前的不利局面，本文以机械产品及其零部件的结构-功能-知识为研究对象，探索提升消化吸收再创新效果的相关理论和方法。
本文首先对我国技术引进消化吸收再创新的现状及存在的问题做了一个较为全面地总结，并对国内外的相关研究进行了详细阐述。在此基础上提出了本文需要解决的问题和主要研究内容。
为了对引进的技术进行全面地消化吸收，本文提出了功能本体理论和基于功能本体理论的S-F-K建模方法。从结构(Structure)、功能(Function)、知识(Knowledge)等三个方面对引进的产品进行研究，从而提升消化吸收的效果。S-F-K模型由结构模型、功能模型、知识模型三个部分组成：结构模型将产品的结构信息和数据集合在一起，用于理解产品是什么(What)；功能模型是对产品及其零部件进行功能定义，用于理解产品怎样完成任务(How)，功能模型的表达主要基于功能本体来实现；知识模型将产品设计过程中运用的原理、经验等汇集在一起，用于理解产品的设计原因或设计依据(Why)。由S-F-K模型可以还原或挖掘原设计者的设计意图，并将产品中的隐性知识显式化。
在消化吸收的基础上对产品原型进行再创新是提升竞争力的一种有效途径，为了保证再创新的有效性本文提出确定产品未来发展状态的趋势理论及基于趋势理论的再创新点获取方法，用于确定再创新方向。通过对影响产品发展趋势的四个影响因素：顾客需求、市场竞争、技术发展、自然规律的研究，确定产品的未来发展方向，并通过有效的决策方法最终获取符合产品发展趋势的再创新点。
消化吸收再创新一般情况下是在原有产品的基础上进行的再创新。为了实现知识传承和再创新，本文提出了仿生物进化的再创新设计方法。借鉴生物基因遗传与变异的进化机理，建立了产品功能基因组的替换、增加、减少、同源重组、非同源重组等五种再创新实现模型，并在这五种再创新实现模型的基础上获取具体的再创新设计方案。
为了实现对产品及其零部件的功能本体定义，本文在功能本体理论的基础上创建了功能体描述本体、功能基描述本体和宏功能描述本体。并通过软件开发工具将以上研究内容集成在一起开发了计算机辅助消化吸收再创新设计平台，为实际应用提供了一个可操作平台，增强了理论研究的实用性。
最后结合企业实际需求，本文将研究成果运用于“大型压力机电子伺服三坐标多工位送料系统”的引进消化吸收再创新设计。通过消化吸收、确定再创新方向、再创新设计实现等过程在引进产品的基础上进行了再创新，并获取了整体再创新设计方案，通过运动仿真、受力分析、试制样机，验证了再创新设计方案的有效性，同时也验证了本文所提出的理论与方法。
Our country is now experiencing the history of the transition from “made in China” to “createdin China”. Independent innovation becomes an important driving force in current China. Nationallong-term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) take Digestion-absorption-reinnovation as an important part of the independent innovation. Digestion-absorption-reinnovationnot only can compensate the disadvantage of our country at the present stage of lack of knowledgeaccumulation and low technology level, but also can enhance our ability of innovation by learningscience and technology from developed countries. But domestic enterprises don’t digest and absorbthe imported technology very well and reinnovation lacks power. The imported technology does notplay its due role. To change the current negative situation, in this paper the author takesstructure-function-knowledge of the products and their parts as the research object, and explores thetheory and method of improving the effect of Digestion-absorption-reinnovation.
This paper overall summarizes the problems about how to digest and absorb the technology fromabroad widely, and describes in detail the related researches at home and abroad. On these bases, thispaper puts forward the problems needed to be solved and the main research contents.
In order to assimilate and absorb the imported technology completely, the S-F-K modelingmethod based on function ontology has been introduced. To study the imported products from theaspects of structure, function and knowledge enhance the effect of assimilation and absorption. S-F-Kmodel consists of structural model, functional model and knowledge model. The structural modelcombines product structure with product data, which is used to understand what the product is. Thefunctional model gives a functional definition for the product and its parts, which is used tounderstand how to finish the task. The function ontology system which is used for function definitionin the functional model is a key to understand and express the product and parts function. Theknowledge model brings the product design principles and experience together, which is used toexplaim the intent of the product design. The design intention of the original designer can be minedout through the S-F-K model, tacit knowledge of the product can be transformed into explicitexpression at the same time.
On the basis of Digestion-absorption, Reinnovation is an effective way to enhance thetechnology competitiveness. In order to ensure the validity of the reinnovation, this paper proposes a method to obtain the innovation and creativity based on the trend theory to determine the direction ofinnovation. By investigating customer demand, market competition, technological development andthe laws of nature, which affect product development trends and innovation, the future trend ofproduct development can be obtained, and the reinnovation point can be got through decisionmethods.
Digestion-absorption-beinnovation is normally carried out on the basis of the product prototypes.In order to achieve knowledge transmission and innovation, this paper proposes an innovative designapproach which imitates of biological evolution. Five innovation models which are replacement,increase, decrease, homologous recombination, non-homologous recombination of the productfunctional genomics are established by learning from the evolutionary mechanism of the biologicalgenetic heredity and variation, a reinnovated design plan can be implemented based on these fiveinnovation models.
To realize the definition of function ontology of products and their parts, the descriptionontology of function body, functional basis and macro-function are created based on functionontology system in this paper. A computer aided Digestion-absorption-reinnovation platform isdeveloped through integrating the above research contents with software development tools,providing an operational platform for the practical application and enhancing the practicability oftheory research.
At last, according to an enterprise's actual needs, these research results are applid throughimport-digest-absorb-reinventive design of large-scale press electronic servo tri-Axis multi-positiontransfer system. Through the process of digestion, establishment of innovation direction andrealization of innovation design and so on, the reinnovation is started based on imported products andthe scheme of total innovation design is obtained. The effectiveness of design results is verifiedthrough movement simulation, stress analysis and trial-produced prototype. At the same time, thefeasibility and effectiveness of research results in this paper are also verified.
本文首先对我国技术引进消化吸收再创新的现状及存在的问题做了一个较为全面地总结，并对国内外的相关研究进行了详细阐述。在此基础上提出了本文需要解决的问题和主要研究内容。
为了对引进的技术进行全面地消化吸收，本文提出了功能本体理论和基于功能本体理论的S-F-K建模方法。从结构(Structure)、功能(Function)、知识(Knowledge)等三个方面对引进的产品进行研究，从而提升消化吸收的效果。S-F-K模型由结构模型、功能模型、知识模型三个部分组成：结构模型将产品的结构信息和数据集合在一起，用于理解产品是什么(What)；功能模型是对产品及其零部件进行功能定义，用于理解产品怎样完成任务(How)，功能模型的表达主要基于功能本体来实现；知识模型将产品设计过程中运用的原理、经验等汇集在一起，用于理解产品的设计原因或设计依据(Why)。由S-F-K模型可以还原或挖掘原设计者的设计意图，并将产品中的隐性知识显式化。
在消化吸收的基础上对产品原型进行再创新是提升竞争力的一种有效途径，为了保证再创新的有效性本文提出确定产品未来发展状态的趋势理论及基于趋势理论的再创新点获取方法，用于确定再创新方向。通过对影响产品发展趋势的四个影响因素：顾客需求、市场竞争、技术发展、自然规律的研究，确定产品的未来发展方向，并通过有效的决策方法最终获取符合产品发展趋势的再创新点。
消化吸收再创新一般情况下是在原有产品的基础上进行的再创新。为了实现知识传承和再创新，本文提出了仿生物进化的再创新设计方法。借鉴生物基因遗传与变异的进化机理，建立了产品功能基因组的替换、增加、减少、同源重组、非同源重组等五种再创新实现模型，并在这五种再创新实现模型的基础上获取具体的再创新设计方案。
为了实现对产品及其零部件的功能本体定义，本文在功能本体理论的基础上创建了功能体描述本体、功能基描述本体和宏功能描述本体。并通过软件开发工具将以上研究内容集成在一起开发了计算机辅助消化吸收再创新设计平台，为实际应用提供了一个可操作平台，增强了理论研究的实用性。
最后结合企业实际需求，本文将研究成果运用于“大型压力机电子伺服三坐标多工位送料系统”的引进消化吸收再创新设计。通过消化吸收、确定再创新方向、再创新设计实现等过程在引进产品的基础上进行了再创新，并获取了整体再创新设计方案，通过运动仿真、受力分析、试制样机，验证了再创新设计方案的有效性，同时也验证了本文所提出的理论与方法。
Our country is now experiencing the history of the transition from “made in China” to “createdin China”. Independent innovation becomes an important driving force in current China. Nationallong-term plan for science and technology development (2006-2020) take Digestion-absorption-reinnovation as an important part of the independent innovation. Digestion-absorption-reinnovationnot only can compensate the disadvantage of our country at the present stage of lack of knowledgeaccumulation and low technology level, but also can enhance our ability of innovation by learningscience and technology from developed countries. But domestic enterprises don’t digest and absorbthe imported technology very well and reinnovation lacks power. The imported technology does notplay its due role. To change the current negative situation, in this paper the author takesstructure-function-knowledge of the products and their parts as the research object, and explores thetheory and method of improving the effect of Digestion-absorption-reinnovation.
This paper overall summarizes the problems about how to digest and absorb the technology fromabroad widely, and describes in detail the related researches at home and abroad. On these bases, thispaper puts forward the problems needed to be solved and the main research contents.
In order to assimilate and absorb the imported technology completely, the S-F-K modelingmethod based on function ontology has been introduced. To study the imported products from theaspects of structure, function and knowledge enhance the effect of assimilation and absorption. S-F-Kmodel consists of structural model, functional model and knowledge model. The structural modelcombines product structure with product data, which is used to understand what the product is. Thefunctional model gives a functional definition for the product and its parts, which is used tounderstand how to finish the task. The function ontology system which is used for function definitionin the functional model is a key to understand and express the product and parts function. Theknowledge model brings the product design principles and experience together, which is used toexplaim the intent of the product design. The design intention of the original designer can be minedout through the S-F-K model, tacit knowledge of the product can be transformed into explicitexpression at the same time.
On the basis of Digestion-absorption, Reinnovation is an effective way to enhance thetechnology competitiveness. In order to ensure the validity of the reinnovation, this paper proposes a method to obtain the innovation and creativity based on the trend theory to determine the direction ofinnovation. By investigating customer demand, market competition, technological development andthe laws of nature, which affect product development trends and innovation, the future trend ofproduct development can be obtained, and the reinnovation point can be got through decisionmethods.
Digestion-absorption-beinnovation is normally carried out on the basis of the product prototypes.In order to achieve knowledge transmission and innovation, this paper proposes an innovative designapproach which imitates of biological evolution. Five innovation models which are replacement,increase, decrease, homologous recombination, non-homologous recombination of the productfunctional genomics are established by learning from the evolutionary mechanism of the biologicalgenetic heredity and variation, a reinnovated design plan can be implemented based on these fiveinnovation models.
To realize the definition of function ontology of products and their parts, the descriptionontology of function body, functional basis and macro-function are created based on functionontology system in this paper. A computer aided Digestion-absorption-reinnovation platform isdeveloped through integrating the above research contents with software development tools,providing an operational platform for the practical application and enhancing the practicability oftheory research.
At last, according to an enterprise's actual needs, these research results are applid throughimport-digest-absorb-reinventive design of large-scale press electronic servo tri-Axis multi-positiontransfer system. Through the process of digestion, establishment of innovation direction andrealization of innovation design and so on, the reinnovation is started based on imported products andthe scheme of total innovation design is obtained. The effectiveness of design results is verifiedthrough movement simulation, stress analysis and trial-produced prototype. At the same time, thefeasibility and effectiveness of research results in this paper are also verified.
引文
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