高应力高突区域煤巷快速掘进灾害防治技术研究
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摘要
首山一矿首采面处于高应力高突区域,因其具有采深大、地应力高、瓦斯含量高、煤与瓦斯突出危险性大等特点,导致煤巷掘进速度极其缓慢,严重影响矿井采掘正常接替和安全生产,探索一种适用于该区域煤巷快速掘进灾害防治的有效工艺技术迫在眉睫。本课题采用理论分析、数值模拟、实验室实验以及现场工业性试验相结合的方法,对高应力高突区域煤巷快速掘进灾害防治技术进行了全面深入地研究。
本课题主要研究内容如下：
1.基于岩石物理力学性质试验研究,采用Hoek-Brown强度准则及W. Dershowits经验方法,对回采巷道岩体力学性质进行了研究；基于地质力学理论,对回采巷道围岩变形特征进行了分析。
2.以锚杆支护围岩强度强化理论、锚杆锚索强力支护理论为指导,根据围岩变形特征,建立了高应力高突区域回采巷道支护技术体系；采用离散元程序UDEC,对不同支护参数与支护形式对高应力巷道围岩变形的影响进行了数值模拟研究,确定了最优支护方案。
3.以瓦斯地质理论为指导,分析了高应力高突区域地质构造形态及其对瓦斯赋存的影响；以矿井瓦斯防治理论为指导,建立了以穿层深孔预裂爆破技术为核心的高应力高突区域综合防突技术体系。
4.进行了现场工业性试验,工程实践表明,灾害防治技术可有效防止顶板事故及突出事故的发生,煤巷掘进速度大幅提高,实现了高应力高突区域煤巷安全快速掘进。
本课题主要创新点如下：
1.根据首山一矿首采面回采巷道围岩变形特征,建立了高预应力高强锚杆、锚索协调支护、预留断面的支护技术体系,该体系的成功应用使巷道两帮移近量降低41.9%,顶板下沉量降低52.4%,高应力高突区域巷道围岩变形得到有效控制。
2.针对工作面回风巷与其高位巷掘进相互影响、揭露顶板极其破碎、支护异常困难的现状,采用显式有限差分程序FLAC,对两巷围岩应力变化规律进行了研究。研究表明,回风巷与高位巷水平距离为10m时,围岩应力叠加严重,致使两巷相互影响。及时调整巷道布署,两巷距离扩为15 m后,支护条件相对简单,顶板完整性变好。
3.建立了以穿层深孔预裂爆破技术为主,前探地质深孔、超前排放钻孔、高位巷穿层钻孔预抽、瓦斯自动监测系统为辅的综合防突技术体系。工程实践表明,该体系可有效防治高应力高突区域煤巷突出,确保煤巷安全快速掘进。
4.课题研究成果实施效果显著,煤巷月平均掘进速度大幅提高,回风巷提高91.5%,运输巷提高59.5%,创平顶山矿区高应力高突区域煤巷掘进最高纪录。
The first coal face in Shoushan No.l mine locates in high stress and high outburst area. Coal drift in this area has the characteristics of large mining depth, high ground stress, high gas content and high outburst danger, so its driving speed is most slow, and the work of excavation replacement and safety production has been affected seriously by it, it is necessary to explore an effective technology suitable for preventing and controlling disaster during the driving process of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area. Therefore, disaster prevention and control technology for speedy drivage of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area is studied roundly by means of theoretic analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and industrial test in this paper.
The main research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. Based on test results of physical-mechanical properties of rock, surrounding rock mass mechanics properties of gateway are researched by adopting Hoek-Brown strength failure criterion and W. Dershowits empirical method; Based on geomechanics theory, surrounding rock control features of gateway are analyzed.
2. Under the guidance of the bolting surrounding strength reforcement theory and bolt & anchor intensive support theory, support system of gateway in high stress and high outburst area is founded according to surrounding rock control features; then numerical simulation study of effect on surrounding rock deformation of high stress coal drift by different support parameters and form is carried out by discrete element code UDEC, and the first-rank coordination support system of bolt and cable is founded ultimately.
3. Based on gas geology theory, geological structure form and its influence on gas existence are analyzed; Based on gas prevention and control theory, the general outburst prevention system is founded, whose core is presplitting blasting technology using borehole through layer of high level suction roadway.
4. Type approval test is carried out in Shoushan No.l mine, test results indicate that disaster prevention and control technology can prevent roof accident and outburst accident effectively, and drive speed of coal drift increases greatly, safety and speedy drivage of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area is able to realize.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
1. According to surrounding rock control features of gateway, support system is founded which includes coordination support technology using bolt & cable which has high prestress and high intensity, and section set in advance. The system is applied successfully, displacement of roadway's sides reduces 41.9%, sinking displacement of roof reduces 52.4%, and surrounding rock deformation in high stress and high outburst area is controlled efficiently.
2. Aim at the situation that return airway and its high level suction roadway influence each other, uncovered roof is most fragmentized, and support conditions are very difficult, study on the change law of surrounding rock stress between above-mentioned roadway is carried out by using explicit finite difference program FLAC. Research results indicate that surrounding rock stress superposes badly when horizontal range of the two roadway is 10 m. Therefore, roadway layout is changed, support conditions and roof integrality become well when horizontal range of the two roadway is 15 m.
3. The general outburst prevention system is founded, whose core is presplitting blasting technology using borehole through layer of high level suction roadway, beyond that, geological borehole for advanced detection, advancing hole used for gas exhaust, borehole through layer of high level suction roadway for forepumping, and gas automatic monitoring system are included. Experiment results indicate that the system can prevent and control coal and gas outburst in high stress and high outburst area.
4.-Research findings of this paper is applied successfully, monthly mean drive speed of return airway improves 91.5% than previous speed, and haulage roadway improves 59.5%. drive speed record of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area in Pingdingshan mining area is set up.
本课题主要研究内容如下：
1.基于岩石物理力学性质试验研究,采用Hoek-Brown强度准则及W. Dershowits经验方法,对回采巷道岩体力学性质进行了研究；基于地质力学理论,对回采巷道围岩变形特征进行了分析。
2.以锚杆支护围岩强度强化理论、锚杆锚索强力支护理论为指导,根据围岩变形特征,建立了高应力高突区域回采巷道支护技术体系；采用离散元程序UDEC,对不同支护参数与支护形式对高应力巷道围岩变形的影响进行了数值模拟研究,确定了最优支护方案。
3.以瓦斯地质理论为指导,分析了高应力高突区域地质构造形态及其对瓦斯赋存的影响；以矿井瓦斯防治理论为指导,建立了以穿层深孔预裂爆破技术为核心的高应力高突区域综合防突技术体系。
4.进行了现场工业性试验,工程实践表明,灾害防治技术可有效防止顶板事故及突出事故的发生,煤巷掘进速度大幅提高,实现了高应力高突区域煤巷安全快速掘进。
本课题主要创新点如下：
1.根据首山一矿首采面回采巷道围岩变形特征,建立了高预应力高强锚杆、锚索协调支护、预留断面的支护技术体系,该体系的成功应用使巷道两帮移近量降低41.9%,顶板下沉量降低52.4%,高应力高突区域巷道围岩变形得到有效控制。
2.针对工作面回风巷与其高位巷掘进相互影响、揭露顶板极其破碎、支护异常困难的现状,采用显式有限差分程序FLAC,对两巷围岩应力变化规律进行了研究。研究表明,回风巷与高位巷水平距离为10m时,围岩应力叠加严重,致使两巷相互影响。及时调整巷道布署,两巷距离扩为15 m后,支护条件相对简单,顶板完整性变好。
3.建立了以穿层深孔预裂爆破技术为主,前探地质深孔、超前排放钻孔、高位巷穿层钻孔预抽、瓦斯自动监测系统为辅的综合防突技术体系。工程实践表明,该体系可有效防治高应力高突区域煤巷突出,确保煤巷安全快速掘进。
4.课题研究成果实施效果显著,煤巷月平均掘进速度大幅提高,回风巷提高91.5%,运输巷提高59.5%,创平顶山矿区高应力高突区域煤巷掘进最高纪录。
The first coal face in Shoushan No.l mine locates in high stress and high outburst area. Coal drift in this area has the characteristics of large mining depth, high ground stress, high gas content and high outburst danger, so its driving speed is most slow, and the work of excavation replacement and safety production has been affected seriously by it, it is necessary to explore an effective technology suitable for preventing and controlling disaster during the driving process of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area. Therefore, disaster prevention and control technology for speedy drivage of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area is studied roundly by means of theoretic analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and industrial test in this paper.
The main research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. Based on test results of physical-mechanical properties of rock, surrounding rock mass mechanics properties of gateway are researched by adopting Hoek-Brown strength failure criterion and W. Dershowits empirical method; Based on geomechanics theory, surrounding rock control features of gateway are analyzed.
2. Under the guidance of the bolting surrounding strength reforcement theory and bolt & anchor intensive support theory, support system of gateway in high stress and high outburst area is founded according to surrounding rock control features; then numerical simulation study of effect on surrounding rock deformation of high stress coal drift by different support parameters and form is carried out by discrete element code UDEC, and the first-rank coordination support system of bolt and cable is founded ultimately.
3. Based on gas geology theory, geological structure form and its influence on gas existence are analyzed; Based on gas prevention and control theory, the general outburst prevention system is founded, whose core is presplitting blasting technology using borehole through layer of high level suction roadway.
4. Type approval test is carried out in Shoushan No.l mine, test results indicate that disaster prevention and control technology can prevent roof accident and outburst accident effectively, and drive speed of coal drift increases greatly, safety and speedy drivage of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area is able to realize.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
1. According to surrounding rock control features of gateway, support system is founded which includes coordination support technology using bolt & cable which has high prestress and high intensity, and section set in advance. The system is applied successfully, displacement of roadway's sides reduces 41.9%, sinking displacement of roof reduces 52.4%, and surrounding rock deformation in high stress and high outburst area is controlled efficiently.
2. Aim at the situation that return airway and its high level suction roadway influence each other, uncovered roof is most fragmentized, and support conditions are very difficult, study on the change law of surrounding rock stress between above-mentioned roadway is carried out by using explicit finite difference program FLAC. Research results indicate that surrounding rock stress superposes badly when horizontal range of the two roadway is 10 m. Therefore, roadway layout is changed, support conditions and roof integrality become well when horizontal range of the two roadway is 15 m.
3. The general outburst prevention system is founded, whose core is presplitting blasting technology using borehole through layer of high level suction roadway, beyond that, geological borehole for advanced detection, advancing hole used for gas exhaust, borehole through layer of high level suction roadway for forepumping, and gas automatic monitoring system are included. Experiment results indicate that the system can prevent and control coal and gas outburst in high stress and high outburst area.
4.-Research findings of this paper is applied successfully, monthly mean drive speed of return airway improves 91.5% than previous speed, and haulage roadway improves 59.5%. drive speed record of coal drift in high stress and high outburst area in Pingdingshan mining area is set up.
引文
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