反混凝土目标套式串联战斗部作用机理研究
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摘要
防护系统的堡垒化和地下化,对常规钻地武器提出了更高的要求。怎样对这种堡垒化和地下化的防护系统进行打击已成为当今世界常规武器界研究的重要课题。由聚能装药和动能侵彻体组成的多级串联战斗部是钻地武器的发展趋势之一。基于此,本文提出了一种新型套式多级串联战斗部,并对其作用机理进行了研究,尤其对前级聚能侵彻孔道内次级聚能装药成型过程,前后级聚能装药接力侵彻混凝土过程,采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验相结合的方法进行了研究,具体内容包括：
1、前级聚能装药对混凝土靶的作用过程研究。
利用理想流体力学模型,建立了聚能杆流侵彻混凝土理论方程,计算分析了头部速度、头尾直径和炸高等参数对侵彻深度及孔形的影响关系；验证计算“C=E/V”了准则中C值随混凝土强度的变化情况；利用质量和动量守恒,考虑聚能杆式侵彻体头尾形状影响因素,修正了聚能杆式侵彻体侵彻混凝土工程模型,计算分析了头尾部直径对侵彻深度的影响状况；利用有限元仿真软件对三种装药结构进行了数值分析,计算得到了不同药型罩壁厚所形成聚能侵彻体特性以及形成混凝土侵彻孔道的几何特性,建立了满足套式多级串联战斗部前级装药要求的侵彻孔道评价函数,计算分析了三种装药结构在套式多级串联战斗部前级装药中的适用性。
2、前级侵彻孔道内次级聚能装药作用机制研究。
进行了次级聚能装药作用环境分析,提出影响次级聚能侵彻体形状的主要因素,并进行了假设分析；对次级聚能装药进行合理等效,利用柱形空腔膨胀理论,计算分析了次级聚能装药在前级聚能侵彻孔道内的爆炸效应,得到了形成爆炸孔道的半径,并利用数值仿真进行了验证；利用有限元仿真软件,计算分析了侵彻孔道几何形状以及剩余爆轰压力等影响因素对前级侵彻孔道内次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况,并利用实验进行了验证；建立了碎屑粒子状态对聚能侵彻体形状的影响方程,计算分析了前级聚能孔道内碎屑状态对次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况,并利用有限元仿真软件对碎屑状态对聚能侵彻体形状的影响进行了数值仿真计算验证。进行了次级聚能装药在模拟约束侵彻孔道内作用情况试验,得到了约束孔道深度和孔径对次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况。
3、次级聚能侵彻体接力侵彻混凝土作用过程研究。
从强度损伤和形成侵彻孔道形状两个方面对前级聚能侵彻后的混凝土靶状态进行研究；建立了混凝土损伤模型,利用实验对模型相关参数进行了测试,得到了混凝土强度损伤经验关系；对次级聚能侵彻体接力侵彻混凝土过程进行理论分析计算,分析了混凝土强度损伤特性对次级聚能侵彻深度和孔径的影响情况；在前级侵彻孔道形状分析的基础上,分析了前级侵彻孔道形状对次级聚能侵彻深度和孔径的影响情况；利用有限元仿真软件对前级聚能侵彻孔道中聚能装药对混凝土靶的侵彻情况进行了数值仿真计算分析,通过实验进行了验证。并对不同的聚能装药结构匹配情况进行了验证试验,前级K装药,次级聚能装药为亚半球装药时,可形成较优的侵彻孔道形状。
4、前后级聚能装药两级联动匹配关系研究。
在对套式多级串联战斗部作用原理分析的基础上,建立了套式多级串联战斗部侵彻模型,对前后侵彻深度匹配要求进行了分析,确定了套式多级串联战斗部工作模型。利用有限元仿真软件,数值仿真计算了前后级装药结构、装药尺寸与形成的侵彻孔道深度和孔径匹配情况,确定了较优的前后级侵彻孔道匹配装药结构；并通过工程计算和数值仿真,得到了前后级聚能侵彻体形成过程中产生的超压和超压持续时间随着距离的变化关系；在对冲击波在不同的材料中的传播特性分析的基础上,对典型的隔爆材料中的冲击波的传播特性进行分析,并利用有限元仿真软件对其作用过程进行数值分析,并进行了实验验证。
Accompanying with the stronghold and subterranean of the defense system, routine weapon should be more and more powerful. How to defeat these hardened structures especially targets with concrete layers becomes one of the most important topics in the world. Tandem warhead system consists of precursor shaped charges and following kinetic energy (KE)projectile containing a high explosive filling is becoming one of the most effective way to destroy this defense system in the world. A new kind of tandem warhead systems is described in this paper, the main mechanism of which including the process of the relay penetration are studied by experimental, theoretical and numerical method. Main contents in the paper were as follows:
1Stydy on mechanism of precursor shaped charge penetrating into the concrete targets.
Theoretical equation of the penetrating of shaped charge jet penetrating concrete targets has been set up using the continuous model. An engineering model of eroding JPC penetration model has been set up on the basis of conservation of mass and momentum. They are applied to analyze the influence on the depth and diameter of some parameters, such as velocity grades adius of jet and stand-off. It is validated E/V criterion by product. Three typical shape charges are presented by the numerical simulation. The features of the jets are studied under different conditions such as different thickness. Also the features of the jets penetration are studied. The shapes of the penetration cavity are gotten, and then some better charges are defined.
2Study on the mechanism of shaped charge works in the precursor cavity.
At first, the explosive performance of the second shaped charge in the precursor penetration cavity based on the modified cavity expansion theory, the radius of the explosive cavity is gained; Numerical simulation is made to modify the results. At last, the penetration and explosive performance of the second shaped charge are analyzed, the finally cavity is gained. Based on the mechanism of shaped charge, some states of the precursor cavity are reasonable simplified, the influence of the shape of the precursor cavity, precursor detonation product and shock wave pressure toward the second shaped charge is analyzed. The influence of the shape of the precursor cavity, such as relative diameter of the cavity, relative depth, oblique angle and whether connection or not are calculated toward the shape of the jets are studied by numerical simulation; Also the influence of the shock wave pressure of the precursor cavity and the velum of detonation product were studied by numerical simulation. Tests of the performance of the shaped charge working in the constraint penetration cavity are made, performance of the cavity depth and radius in the penetration of the second shaped jets is gained.
3Study on the mechanism of relay penetration to the concrete.
At first damage model of the concrete is set up based on the some reasonable concern of the pre-damage concrete penetrated by the precursor shaped jet. Penetration model is set up by shaped jets penetrator way, which is used to calculate the relationship between the strength weakening degree of the concrete and the shape of the penetration cavity, numerical simulation is made to modify the result. Then finite element software is used to simulate the influence of the shapes of the cavity and the stand-off of the shaped charge, also the explosive powder and explosive pressure. The penetration depth of the second shaped jets is gained. Tests about the matching relationship of the precursor two shaped charges are made, when the first charge is K charge, the second charge is hemisphere charge, the cavity is much better. Tests are also made about the explosion interruption structure;some more better structures are gained.
4Study on the matching relationship of the precursor two shaped charges.
The matching relationship of the penetration cavity depth and radius, the structure of the two charges, the diameters ratio of the two charges is studied by numerical simulation, and then much better structures are gained. Overpressure value and sustained time of the shaped charge when the jets formulates is gained by the numerical simulation and theoretical calculations way under different distance, which could do help for the designing of the explosion interruption.Overpressure value and sustained time of the shock wave are gained using explosive theory which could do help for the designing of the explosive interruption structure, and then numerical simulation is made to modify the results. Performances of different materials using in explosive interruption are calculated using shock wave theory, and then numerical simulation is made to modify the results. Also different explosive interruption structures are designed; some more better structures are gained by simulation calculation.
1、前级聚能装药对混凝土靶的作用过程研究。
利用理想流体力学模型,建立了聚能杆流侵彻混凝土理论方程,计算分析了头部速度、头尾直径和炸高等参数对侵彻深度及孔形的影响关系；验证计算“C=E/V”了准则中C值随混凝土强度的变化情况；利用质量和动量守恒,考虑聚能杆式侵彻体头尾形状影响因素,修正了聚能杆式侵彻体侵彻混凝土工程模型,计算分析了头尾部直径对侵彻深度的影响状况；利用有限元仿真软件对三种装药结构进行了数值分析,计算得到了不同药型罩壁厚所形成聚能侵彻体特性以及形成混凝土侵彻孔道的几何特性,建立了满足套式多级串联战斗部前级装药要求的侵彻孔道评价函数,计算分析了三种装药结构在套式多级串联战斗部前级装药中的适用性。
2、前级侵彻孔道内次级聚能装药作用机制研究。
进行了次级聚能装药作用环境分析,提出影响次级聚能侵彻体形状的主要因素,并进行了假设分析；对次级聚能装药进行合理等效,利用柱形空腔膨胀理论,计算分析了次级聚能装药在前级聚能侵彻孔道内的爆炸效应,得到了形成爆炸孔道的半径,并利用数值仿真进行了验证；利用有限元仿真软件,计算分析了侵彻孔道几何形状以及剩余爆轰压力等影响因素对前级侵彻孔道内次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况,并利用实验进行了验证；建立了碎屑粒子状态对聚能侵彻体形状的影响方程,计算分析了前级聚能孔道内碎屑状态对次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况,并利用有限元仿真软件对碎屑状态对聚能侵彻体形状的影响进行了数值仿真计算验证。进行了次级聚能装药在模拟约束侵彻孔道内作用情况试验,得到了约束孔道深度和孔径对次级聚能侵彻体形状的影响情况。
3、次级聚能侵彻体接力侵彻混凝土作用过程研究。
从强度损伤和形成侵彻孔道形状两个方面对前级聚能侵彻后的混凝土靶状态进行研究；建立了混凝土损伤模型,利用实验对模型相关参数进行了测试,得到了混凝土强度损伤经验关系；对次级聚能侵彻体接力侵彻混凝土过程进行理论分析计算,分析了混凝土强度损伤特性对次级聚能侵彻深度和孔径的影响情况；在前级侵彻孔道形状分析的基础上,分析了前级侵彻孔道形状对次级聚能侵彻深度和孔径的影响情况；利用有限元仿真软件对前级聚能侵彻孔道中聚能装药对混凝土靶的侵彻情况进行了数值仿真计算分析,通过实验进行了验证。并对不同的聚能装药结构匹配情况进行了验证试验,前级K装药,次级聚能装药为亚半球装药时,可形成较优的侵彻孔道形状。
4、前后级聚能装药两级联动匹配关系研究。
在对套式多级串联战斗部作用原理分析的基础上,建立了套式多级串联战斗部侵彻模型,对前后侵彻深度匹配要求进行了分析,确定了套式多级串联战斗部工作模型。利用有限元仿真软件,数值仿真计算了前后级装药结构、装药尺寸与形成的侵彻孔道深度和孔径匹配情况,确定了较优的前后级侵彻孔道匹配装药结构；并通过工程计算和数值仿真,得到了前后级聚能侵彻体形成过程中产生的超压和超压持续时间随着距离的变化关系；在对冲击波在不同的材料中的传播特性分析的基础上,对典型的隔爆材料中的冲击波的传播特性进行分析,并利用有限元仿真软件对其作用过程进行数值分析,并进行了实验验证。
Accompanying with the stronghold and subterranean of the defense system, routine weapon should be more and more powerful. How to defeat these hardened structures especially targets with concrete layers becomes one of the most important topics in the world. Tandem warhead system consists of precursor shaped charges and following kinetic energy (KE)projectile containing a high explosive filling is becoming one of the most effective way to destroy this defense system in the world. A new kind of tandem warhead systems is described in this paper, the main mechanism of which including the process of the relay penetration are studied by experimental, theoretical and numerical method. Main contents in the paper were as follows:
1Stydy on mechanism of precursor shaped charge penetrating into the concrete targets.
Theoretical equation of the penetrating of shaped charge jet penetrating concrete targets has been set up using the continuous model. An engineering model of eroding JPC penetration model has been set up on the basis of conservation of mass and momentum. They are applied to analyze the influence on the depth and diameter of some parameters, such as velocity grades adius of jet and stand-off. It is validated E/V criterion by product. Three typical shape charges are presented by the numerical simulation. The features of the jets are studied under different conditions such as different thickness. Also the features of the jets penetration are studied. The shapes of the penetration cavity are gotten, and then some better charges are defined.
2Study on the mechanism of shaped charge works in the precursor cavity.
At first, the explosive performance of the second shaped charge in the precursor penetration cavity based on the modified cavity expansion theory, the radius of the explosive cavity is gained; Numerical simulation is made to modify the results. At last, the penetration and explosive performance of the second shaped charge are analyzed, the finally cavity is gained. Based on the mechanism of shaped charge, some states of the precursor cavity are reasonable simplified, the influence of the shape of the precursor cavity, precursor detonation product and shock wave pressure toward the second shaped charge is analyzed. The influence of the shape of the precursor cavity, such as relative diameter of the cavity, relative depth, oblique angle and whether connection or not are calculated toward the shape of the jets are studied by numerical simulation; Also the influence of the shock wave pressure of the precursor cavity and the velum of detonation product were studied by numerical simulation. Tests of the performance of the shaped charge working in the constraint penetration cavity are made, performance of the cavity depth and radius in the penetration of the second shaped jets is gained.
3Study on the mechanism of relay penetration to the concrete.
At first damage model of the concrete is set up based on the some reasonable concern of the pre-damage concrete penetrated by the precursor shaped jet. Penetration model is set up by shaped jets penetrator way, which is used to calculate the relationship between the strength weakening degree of the concrete and the shape of the penetration cavity, numerical simulation is made to modify the result. Then finite element software is used to simulate the influence of the shapes of the cavity and the stand-off of the shaped charge, also the explosive powder and explosive pressure. The penetration depth of the second shaped jets is gained. Tests about the matching relationship of the precursor two shaped charges are made, when the first charge is K charge, the second charge is hemisphere charge, the cavity is much better. Tests are also made about the explosion interruption structure;some more better structures are gained.
4Study on the matching relationship of the precursor two shaped charges.
The matching relationship of the penetration cavity depth and radius, the structure of the two charges, the diameters ratio of the two charges is studied by numerical simulation, and then much better structures are gained. Overpressure value and sustained time of the shaped charge when the jets formulates is gained by the numerical simulation and theoretical calculations way under different distance, which could do help for the designing of the explosion interruption.Overpressure value and sustained time of the shock wave are gained using explosive theory which could do help for the designing of the explosive interruption structure, and then numerical simulation is made to modify the results. Performances of different materials using in explosive interruption are calculated using shock wave theory, and then numerical simulation is made to modify the results. Also different explosive interruption structures are designed; some more better structures are gained by simulation calculation.
引文
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