楼梯对结构抗震的影响及其抗震设计方法的研究
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摘要
一直以来,人们都认为楼梯是结构的附属部分,在主体结构的计算和设计中不考虑楼梯的斜撑作用,仅将楼梯作为竖向荷载施加到楼梯间周边构件上,对楼梯间进行开洞处理。在地震灾害中发现大量楼梯遭到破坏,有些主体结构完好,而楼梯却损坏严重甚至坍塌了,说明人们需要重新认识楼梯与主体结构的关系。楼梯是结构必不可少的一部分,特别是在灾害来临时,楼梯是人们逃生的主要通道,因此在抗震设计中必须保证楼梯结构的安全。
本文首先介绍了现阶段国内外在楼梯方面的研究成果,由于我国刚经历了汶川特大地震,因此对楼梯的研究比较活跃,本文主要对国内的研究成果进行了归纳,为下一步的研究提供参考。
本文根据工程实例设计了三种结构形式的算例,对有楼梯和无楼梯的情况进行对比分析。在假设材料弹性的条件下,运用振型分解和反应谱理论,对比分析楼梯对结构整体抗震性能的影响;对框架结构进行了楼梯不同布置位置对结构的影响分析;对框架结构楼梯间构件内力进行了分析;还采用弹性时程分析法对框架结构进行补充研究,使弹性阶段的分析更加完善。研究发现楼梯对框架结构的影响很大,在设计中有很多需要特别注意的地方。
其次,在基于材料塑性损伤的条件下对框架结构进行罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能分析,研究了楼梯的斜撑作用对主体结构的影响及楼梯本身的受力情况,分析了楼梯及其周边结构出现混凝土损伤和钢筋塑性变形的部位和程度。
最后,总结研究成果,提出考虑楼梯参与结构整体计算的设计建议。
For a long time,people think staircase is just a subsidiary part of structure so the bracing effect of staircase dose not been considered at calculating and designing procedure, only to punch hole in the floor slab where staircase is located, and apply vertical load of staircase to its surrounding components. A large number of staircases were destroyed in earthquake, showing that people need to recognize again the relationship between staircase and main structure. Staircase is an essential part of building structure, special when disaster comes in. Staircase is the main channel by which people escape, therefore its security must be guaranteed.
This article firstly reviews the achievement in domestic and international in this field. Because WenChuan had just experienced a violent earthquake, therefore the research of staircase is a very active field at present, so the induction mainly about the domestic research results and provides reference for next research steps.
This article designs three kinds of analyzed examples according project examples, and does comparative analysis between the situation with and without staircase. Under the supposition of material elastic condition, utilizing mode analysis method and response spectrum theory, this article contrasts and analyzes the influence caused by staircase to the seismic properties of main structure; This article contrasts and analyzes the influence caused by the different arrangement position of staircase to seismic properties of frame structure; This article analyzes internal force of the stair hall components; This article also utilizes elastic time history analysis to conduct the supplement research to the frame construction, causing the analysis at elastic stage to be more perfect. Research finds staircase have an important influence on frame structures, so many aspects need to be paid special attention in design.
Next, based on the damaged plastic materials, this article analyzes the seismic performance of frame structures under action of rarely met earthquake; This article analyzes the bracing role of staircase on main structure and internal forces of itself; This article analyzes the location and degree of concrete damage or reinforced plastic deformation of staircase and its surrounding structures,
Finally, summarizes the research results, proposed the design proposal about how to consider the staircase participated in the working of building structure.
本文首先介绍了现阶段国内外在楼梯方面的研究成果,由于我国刚经历了汶川特大地震,因此对楼梯的研究比较活跃,本文主要对国内的研究成果进行了归纳,为下一步的研究提供参考。
本文根据工程实例设计了三种结构形式的算例,对有楼梯和无楼梯的情况进行对比分析。在假设材料弹性的条件下,运用振型分解和反应谱理论,对比分析楼梯对结构整体抗震性能的影响;对框架结构进行了楼梯不同布置位置对结构的影响分析;对框架结构楼梯间构件内力进行了分析;还采用弹性时程分析法对框架结构进行补充研究,使弹性阶段的分析更加完善。研究发现楼梯对框架结构的影响很大,在设计中有很多需要特别注意的地方。
其次,在基于材料塑性损伤的条件下对框架结构进行罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能分析,研究了楼梯的斜撑作用对主体结构的影响及楼梯本身的受力情况,分析了楼梯及其周边结构出现混凝土损伤和钢筋塑性变形的部位和程度。
最后,总结研究成果,提出考虑楼梯参与结构整体计算的设计建议。
For a long time,people think staircase is just a subsidiary part of structure so the bracing effect of staircase dose not been considered at calculating and designing procedure, only to punch hole in the floor slab where staircase is located, and apply vertical load of staircase to its surrounding components. A large number of staircases were destroyed in earthquake, showing that people need to recognize again the relationship between staircase and main structure. Staircase is an essential part of building structure, special when disaster comes in. Staircase is the main channel by which people escape, therefore its security must be guaranteed.
This article firstly reviews the achievement in domestic and international in this field. Because WenChuan had just experienced a violent earthquake, therefore the research of staircase is a very active field at present, so the induction mainly about the domestic research results and provides reference for next research steps.
This article designs three kinds of analyzed examples according project examples, and does comparative analysis between the situation with and without staircase. Under the supposition of material elastic condition, utilizing mode analysis method and response spectrum theory, this article contrasts and analyzes the influence caused by staircase to the seismic properties of main structure; This article contrasts and analyzes the influence caused by the different arrangement position of staircase to seismic properties of frame structure; This article analyzes internal force of the stair hall components; This article also utilizes elastic time history analysis to conduct the supplement research to the frame construction, causing the analysis at elastic stage to be more perfect. Research finds staircase have an important influence on frame structures, so many aspects need to be paid special attention in design.
Next, based on the damaged plastic materials, this article analyzes the seismic performance of frame structures under action of rarely met earthquake; This article analyzes the bracing role of staircase on main structure and internal forces of itself; This article analyzes the location and degree of concrete damage or reinforced plastic deformation of staircase and its surrounding structures,
Finally, summarizes the research results, proposed the design proposal about how to consider the staircase participated in the working of building structure.
引文
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[2]曹万林,庞国新,李云霄.带楼梯框架弹塑性工作性能研究[J].世界地震工程, 1996(03).
[3]王奇,马宝民.钢筋混凝土现浇楼梯对整体结构的影响[J].建筑结构, 2002(04).
[4] Higgins, C., Prefabricated Steel Stair Performance under Combined Seismic and Gravity Loads[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2009. 135: p. 122-129.
[5]李英民,刘立平.汶川地震建筑震害与思考[M].重庆出版社,2008.
[6]焦柯,吴文勇.楼梯参与结构整体工作的计算分析[J].广东土木与建筑. 2009.
[7]焦柯,陈润辉.楼梯参与结构整体工作的弹塑性分析[J].建筑结构, 2009.
[8]吴勇,王周胜,张玲.框架结构中板式楼梯震害分析及对策探讨[J].建筑技术, 2009. 40(06): 561-564.
[9]邓立崧,姚琼,刘启强.钢筋混凝土框排架主厂房楼梯抗震性能分析[J].城市建设, 2010(3): 360.
[10]张风亮等.浅谈楼梯的抗震分析和设计分析[J].建筑结构, 2010.
[11]李胜军,张世雄,王永华.框架结构中楼梯构件的抗震分析[J].建筑结构, 2009.
[12]沈靓等.框架楼梯参与结构抗侧体系工作的有限元分析[J].工程与建设, 2010(01): 77-79.
[13]苏启旺,蔡宏儒,李力.从“汶川大地震”引发对板式楼梯设计的思考[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2008. 34(04): 165-167.
[14]武俊杰,梁伟杰.结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害分析及设计建议[J].山西建筑, 2010. 36(07): 42-43.
[15]涂莹莹.浅谈楼梯和楼板抗震设计新要求[J].科协论坛, 2009(08)
[16]唐述辉,侯晓伟,文勇杰.浅谈地震中楼梯的震害[J].四川建材, 2010(01).
[17]申跃奎,张涛,王威,框架结构楼梯的震害分析与设计对策[J].建筑结构, 2009(11).
[18]全学友,米伟,张智强.汶川地震中楼梯结构的破坏现象及对策[J].建筑结构, 2009(11).
[19]冯远,肖克艰与刘宜丰.汶川地震灾害引发建筑结构设计者的思考[J].建筑结构, 2008(07).
[20] GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:13,87
[21] Ariyaratana, C. and L.A. Fahnestock. Impact of Reserve Strength on Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame Performance[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2010 65: p. 92-99.
[22] Wijesundara, K.K., et al. Seismic Performance of Brace-Beam-Column Connections in Concentrically Braced Frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2010. 35: p. 72-78.
[23]陈宗臣,张保,张涛.由汶川地震中楼梯破坏引发的思考[J].工程质量, 2009(05): 73-74
[24]刘小虎.框架结构中楼梯的抗侧刚度分析[J].工业建筑, 2009.
[25]代红军,祁皑.基于ETABS的钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共同工作性能分析[J].地震工程与工程振动, 2009. 29(06): 136-142.
[26] Hines, E.M. and C.C. Jacob. Eccentric Braced Frame System Performance[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2010. 154: p. 152-167.
[27] Roeder, C.W., et al. Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Concentrically Braced Frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2009. 85: p. 82-89.
[28] Assia, R., G. McClure and G.C. Yao. Floor Acceleration Demands for Instrumented Buildings in Taiwan during the 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2005. 85: p. 110-116.
[29] Kersting, R.A. and D.A. Hutchinson. Evolving the Standard of Practice for Design of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 2010. 86: p. 56-160.
[30] Wigle, V.R. and Fahnestock, L.A. Buckling-restrained Braced Frame Connection Performance[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2010, 66:65-74
[31] Holmes, A.M.C. Analysis of Helical Beams Under Symmetrical Loading[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 1995 83: p. 1-37.
[32]陆新征,叶列平等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析——原理、模型与在ABAQUS,MSC.MARC和SAP2000上的实践[M].中国建筑工业出版社, 2009:56-141
[33]石亦平,周玉蓉. ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].机械工业出版社, 2006:165-301
[34]曹金凤,石亦平. ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答[M].机械工业出版社, 2009:218-232
[35]庄卓,由小川,廖剑晖,岑松等.基于ABAQUS的有限元分析和应用[M].清华大学出版社, 2009:111-115, 129~135, 189-194
[36]杨勇,陈继英,张晨军.大面积斜板对高层混凝土结构抗震性能的影响.建筑结构[J]. 2005(35):22-24.
[37] Hong L, Hwang W. Empirical Formula for Fundamental Vibration Periods of Reinforced Concrete Buildings[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamic 45(12): 327-333
[38]沈新普,杨璐.混凝土损伤理论及试验[M].科学出版社,2009:75-78
[39]包世华.结构动力学[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2007:201-210
[40]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].清华大学出版社,2005:225-227, 331-332
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