基于本体的语义Petri网研究及其在系统建模中的应用
摘要
Petri网作为一种形式化建模的方法,虽然在系统并发等性能的评价和验证上提供了很多方法,但是其能够描述的语义信息十分有限,虽然各类高级Petri网模型旨在扩展模型的表达能力,但是与UML和IDEF等描述性建模方法相比表义仍显不足,缺乏对面向对象机制的全面支持。而且Petri网模型需要专门的建模软件支持,与其他模型无法实现自动的转化和信息共享。由于这些问题的存在使Petri网不能满足新一代系统设计方法的需要,严重的制约了其在控制领域乃至与分布式软件系统等其他系统中的应用。
为了在系统建模时能够同时利用UML或IDEF等建模方法丰富的语义和Petri网严格的形式化验证,本文以丰富Petri网的语义信息为基本目标,以面向对象实时系统为主要研究对象,融入领域本体的基本思想和本体映射算法,提出了语义Petri网的概念及应用实例。
本文首先给出了语义Petri网的定义和基于语义Petri网的系统建模过程,语义Petri网主要由3部分构成:分层面向对象Petri网模型、模型本体库和UML模型。分层面向对象Petri网模型是采用分层策略的,对面向对象中的继承、抽象等特性提供了全面的支持。然后文中详细描述了为实现模型自动转化提供服务的模型本体库的建立方法,模型本体库需要事先由系统建模领域专家建立,并在每一次建模过程中不断完善,文中给出了模型本体的结构层次,并定义了Petri网和UML本体概念集。针对模型本体本身的特点综合现有本体映射算法的优点本文提出了综合语义相似度计算方法,作为本体映射过程中计算两个概念相似程度的依据。最后本文将语义Petri网作为描述AUV控制系统和信息交互设计方案的模型,使其在AUV设计阶段充分描述软硬件描述信息,并能在仿真验证阶段形式化验证系统的并行冲突和功能完备性,为AUV的事前验证和设计方案优化提供手段。
本文从模型定义、算法细节描述到应用实例呈现了一个集Petri网、面向对象和本体于一身的系统建模方法。这是一个针对面向对象实时系统的通用建模方法,即能够详细描述系统信息又能够对系统性能进行形式化分析验证与优化。
The Petri Net theory has been widely applied in many fields such as the system performance evaluation, communication protocols, distributed software systems, distributed databases, flexible manufacturing systems, discrete event systems, neural networks and decision-making model etc. As a formal modeling method, Petri Net provides many ways of performance evaluation and verification on system's concurrence behavior. But the ability of Petri net to describe the semantic information is very limited. Although all types of high-level Petri Net are designed to expand the expression ability. They are lacking of semantic information when comparing with the descriptive modeling method as UML and IDEF etc. Still they lack of all-round support for Object-Oriented mechanism. Further more Petri Net model needs support of specialized modeling software. And Petri Net can't be achieved automatic conversion and information sharing with other modeling methods. As a result of these problems, Petri net is unable to satisfy the demand of design method of the new generation system. Thus seriously constraint the development and application of Petri net in area of control and even distributed software systems and other systems.
The advantage of UML and IDEF modeling methods is that they have enough semantic information. And the advantage of Petri net is that it has rigorous formal verification. The thesis is focusing on make use of both of their advantages. The thesis takes it basis aiming that enrich the Petri net with semantic information. It takes Object-Oriented real-time system as the main research content. And it integrates the basic thinking of domain Ontology and Ontology mapping algorithm into Petri net theory. So the thesis put forward the concept of Semantic Information Petri Net (SIPN) and the applied case. The SIPN combined concept of Object-Oriented and Petri net organically and take the Ontology as the model sharing bridge.
The core content of this thesis is the definition of the semantic information Petri net and the method of model automatic conversion based of the ontology mapping. First, the thesis gives out the definition of semantic information Petri nets. The SIPN consist of three parts: UML model, model Ontology database and hierarchical Object-oriented Petri net. And the thesis also gives the process of system modeling based on SIPN. Modeling a general system with SIPN firstly the UML model should be established. Then convert the UML model to Hierarchal Object-Oriented Petri Net model automatically based on the use of Ontology library and Ontology mapping algorithm. And then analyze the accuracy and reliability of the system with reachability and boundedness of Petri Net theory. The model ontology database should be established by the domain experts in advance and should be improved during every modeling period. The thesis gives out the advised structure, establish method and steps of the model ontology. According to the advantage of ontology mapping methods available at present and the model ontology characteristic the thesis gives out the uniting semantic mapping algorithm as the basis method of concept mapping during the ontology mapping. At last the thesis takes SIPN as a description for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) control system and information interactive design model. Making it fully describe the information of hardware and software during the design stage of AUV. And the method can formally verify the concurrent conflict and full-featured function of the system during simulation and verification stage. So the method provides the means of verification in advance and optimization for the design.
The thesis gives out a system modeling method which combined the Petri Net and Object-Oriented concept and Ontology together. It described the method form the definition and the details of algorithm to the application case. This is a general modeling method for object-oriented real-time system. That is, it can not only describe the system information in details, but also verify the performance of system formally and optimize the system after analysis. Also the thesis verified the feasibility and usefulness of SIPN by modeling the control systems of AUV and analyzing the reliability with it.
为了在系统建模时能够同时利用UML或IDEF等建模方法丰富的语义和Petri网严格的形式化验证,本文以丰富Petri网的语义信息为基本目标,以面向对象实时系统为主要研究对象,融入领域本体的基本思想和本体映射算法,提出了语义Petri网的概念及应用实例。
本文首先给出了语义Petri网的定义和基于语义Petri网的系统建模过程,语义Petri网主要由3部分构成:分层面向对象Petri网模型、模型本体库和UML模型。分层面向对象Petri网模型是采用分层策略的,对面向对象中的继承、抽象等特性提供了全面的支持。然后文中详细描述了为实现模型自动转化提供服务的模型本体库的建立方法,模型本体库需要事先由系统建模领域专家建立,并在每一次建模过程中不断完善,文中给出了模型本体的结构层次,并定义了Petri网和UML本体概念集。针对模型本体本身的特点综合现有本体映射算法的优点本文提出了综合语义相似度计算方法,作为本体映射过程中计算两个概念相似程度的依据。最后本文将语义Petri网作为描述AUV控制系统和信息交互设计方案的模型,使其在AUV设计阶段充分描述软硬件描述信息,并能在仿真验证阶段形式化验证系统的并行冲突和功能完备性,为AUV的事前验证和设计方案优化提供手段。
本文从模型定义、算法细节描述到应用实例呈现了一个集Petri网、面向对象和本体于一身的系统建模方法。这是一个针对面向对象实时系统的通用建模方法,即能够详细描述系统信息又能够对系统性能进行形式化分析验证与优化。
The Petri Net theory has been widely applied in many fields such as the system performance evaluation, communication protocols, distributed software systems, distributed databases, flexible manufacturing systems, discrete event systems, neural networks and decision-making model etc. As a formal modeling method, Petri Net provides many ways of performance evaluation and verification on system's concurrence behavior. But the ability of Petri net to describe the semantic information is very limited. Although all types of high-level Petri Net are designed to expand the expression ability. They are lacking of semantic information when comparing with the descriptive modeling method as UML and IDEF etc. Still they lack of all-round support for Object-Oriented mechanism. Further more Petri Net model needs support of specialized modeling software. And Petri Net can't be achieved automatic conversion and information sharing with other modeling methods. As a result of these problems, Petri net is unable to satisfy the demand of design method of the new generation system. Thus seriously constraint the development and application of Petri net in area of control and even distributed software systems and other systems.
The advantage of UML and IDEF modeling methods is that they have enough semantic information. And the advantage of Petri net is that it has rigorous formal verification. The thesis is focusing on make use of both of their advantages. The thesis takes it basis aiming that enrich the Petri net with semantic information. It takes Object-Oriented real-time system as the main research content. And it integrates the basic thinking of domain Ontology and Ontology mapping algorithm into Petri net theory. So the thesis put forward the concept of Semantic Information Petri Net (SIPN) and the applied case. The SIPN combined concept of Object-Oriented and Petri net organically and take the Ontology as the model sharing bridge.
The core content of this thesis is the definition of the semantic information Petri net and the method of model automatic conversion based of the ontology mapping. First, the thesis gives out the definition of semantic information Petri nets. The SIPN consist of three parts: UML model, model Ontology database and hierarchical Object-oriented Petri net. And the thesis also gives the process of system modeling based on SIPN. Modeling a general system with SIPN firstly the UML model should be established. Then convert the UML model to Hierarchal Object-Oriented Petri Net model automatically based on the use of Ontology library and Ontology mapping algorithm. And then analyze the accuracy and reliability of the system with reachability and boundedness of Petri Net theory. The model ontology database should be established by the domain experts in advance and should be improved during every modeling period. The thesis gives out the advised structure, establish method and steps of the model ontology. According to the advantage of ontology mapping methods available at present and the model ontology characteristic the thesis gives out the uniting semantic mapping algorithm as the basis method of concept mapping during the ontology mapping. At last the thesis takes SIPN as a description for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) control system and information interactive design model. Making it fully describe the information of hardware and software during the design stage of AUV. And the method can formally verify the concurrent conflict and full-featured function of the system during simulation and verification stage. So the method provides the means of verification in advance and optimization for the design.
The thesis gives out a system modeling method which combined the Petri Net and Object-Oriented concept and Ontology together. It described the method form the definition and the details of algorithm to the application case. This is a general modeling method for object-oriented real-time system. That is, it can not only describe the system information in details, but also verify the performance of system formally and optimize the system after analysis. Also the thesis verified the feasibility and usefulness of SIPN by modeling the control systems of AUV and analyzing the reliability with it.
引文
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