生物医学领域研究前沿识别与趋势预测
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摘要
二十一世纪初期是生物医学发展的黄金时期，以基因组、蛋白质组、合成生物学为代表的等新领域、新技术的出现，推动了社会经济与科学研究的快速发展。识别生命医学的前沿，对其发展趋势进行预测对于医学情报研究和科技政策的制定都有着重要的实际意义。
本研究总结了学科领域和研究前沿等相关概念，通过研究领域的结构和研究前沿的特性归纳了研究前沿的定义，提出准确识别研究前沿对于情报跟踪、科技创新、辅助决策、推动科学研究发展具有重要的意义。本研究还对识别研究前沿的方法进行了回顾和比较，将优化的方法体系应用到实证研究中，并总结了识别研究前沿的模式和研究前沿的发展模式。本文共分五章。
第一章是有关研究前沿的基础理论研究。采用文献调研等定性方法，从研究前沿的相关概念、研究领域的结构关系、研究前沿的特性、识别研究前沿的意义等方面对中外科学学研究者对于研究前沿的相关研究进行了归纳总结。由于学科、领域的区分意义不大，本研究将不再区分而统一视为研究领域。本研究倾向于将研究前沿定义为研究领域中为解决关键问题和突出矛盾的最新的的高质量研究。主要聚焦于研究前沿对研究领域结构的改变。
第二章主要是前沿识别的方法探索。采用定性的方法，对研究前沿识别研究进行了归纳总结。识别研究前沿的方法主要分为定性方法和定量方法。其中着重探讨了定量方法。识别研究前沿的定量方法大致分为四类，以引用分析、共被引分析、文献耦合分析为代表的引文分析流派，以词频统计、共词分析的词汇分析流派，以作者合著网络分析、作者共被引为代表的科学共同体流派，以及新出现的科学知识图谱流派，对各种方法进行了比较分析。对科学知识图谱的常用工具进行了比较，并探讨了数据清洗的方法。
第三章根据识别研究前沿策略制定的原则，提出了识别研究前沿的五种策略，并简要介绍了五种策略的适用条件。
第四章探讨了研究前沿的发展趋势与预测，通过定性分析梳理了相关的预测方法，提出了研究前沿的几种发展模式，并分析了影响研究前沿发展的内部因素与外部因素。
第五章是识别生物医学领域研究前沿与趋势预测的实证研究。采用文献计量与科学知识图谱等定量方法对神经性毒剂医学防护研究领域、合成生物学研究领域、军队健康管理相关领域进行了研究前沿的识别与趋势预测。
第六章是结论部分。对本论文的研究结果与结论进行了简要的概括，并对研究中存在不足和局限性进行了讨论。
The21st century is golden time for the development of biology and medicalscience. The appearance of new research domains such as genomics，proteomics，orsynthetic biology represented as pushes the economy and science to develop rapidly.Characterizing the fronts and trends of biology and medical research domain has apractical significance for medical intelligence research and science&technologypolicy making.
This research summarizes the related concepts about the category and researchfront by studying the structure of knowledge domain and comparing the methods inthe domain. The characterize pattern and develop model of research front is alsoreviewed and compared.. Optimized method system is used in substantial research.The current study is very significant to the intelligence tracing, technology innovationand decision making of the advance of the science and technology. The paper consistsof five chapters.
The1st chapter reviews basic theory of research front. The concepts andcharacteristics of research front, structure of research fields and significance ofcharacterize research front are introduced.
The2nd chapter explores the method of characterizing research front. Themethods are divided into two categories, qualitative and quantitative. Quantitativemethods are the major focus of this paper and can be categorized into four schools.Cite analyses include co-cited analyses and bibliographic coupling. Term analysesinclude co-word analyses and burst term frequency analyses. Scientific communityincludes co-author networks analyses and author co-cited analyses. Mappingknowledge domain is the newest method. The four schools are compared and tools ofmapping knowledge domain are mentioned. Data cleaning method is discussed in thelast part of this chapter.
The3rd chapter presents five strategies of recognizing research fronts accordingto the principles of sampling, practicability and simulating cognition process.
The4th chapter discusses the trends and prediction of research font. Predictingmethods are also reviewed from qualitative studying in this part. The current research puts forward several developing models Internal and external factors that influenceresearch front were discussed.
The5th chapter is substantial research. Mapping knowledge domain is used toanalyze the fonts and trends in the research fields of nerve agent medical protection,synthetic biology and military health promotion.
The5th chapter is the main conclusion of the study. This part briefly summarizesthe findings and conclusions of this research, and discusses the limitations in thestudy.
本研究总结了学科领域和研究前沿等相关概念，通过研究领域的结构和研究前沿的特性归纳了研究前沿的定义，提出准确识别研究前沿对于情报跟踪、科技创新、辅助决策、推动科学研究发展具有重要的意义。本研究还对识别研究前沿的方法进行了回顾和比较，将优化的方法体系应用到实证研究中，并总结了识别研究前沿的模式和研究前沿的发展模式。本文共分五章。
第一章是有关研究前沿的基础理论研究。采用文献调研等定性方法，从研究前沿的相关概念、研究领域的结构关系、研究前沿的特性、识别研究前沿的意义等方面对中外科学学研究者对于研究前沿的相关研究进行了归纳总结。由于学科、领域的区分意义不大，本研究将不再区分而统一视为研究领域。本研究倾向于将研究前沿定义为研究领域中为解决关键问题和突出矛盾的最新的的高质量研究。主要聚焦于研究前沿对研究领域结构的改变。
第二章主要是前沿识别的方法探索。采用定性的方法，对研究前沿识别研究进行了归纳总结。识别研究前沿的方法主要分为定性方法和定量方法。其中着重探讨了定量方法。识别研究前沿的定量方法大致分为四类，以引用分析、共被引分析、文献耦合分析为代表的引文分析流派，以词频统计、共词分析的词汇分析流派，以作者合著网络分析、作者共被引为代表的科学共同体流派，以及新出现的科学知识图谱流派，对各种方法进行了比较分析。对科学知识图谱的常用工具进行了比较，并探讨了数据清洗的方法。
第三章根据识别研究前沿策略制定的原则，提出了识别研究前沿的五种策略，并简要介绍了五种策略的适用条件。
第四章探讨了研究前沿的发展趋势与预测，通过定性分析梳理了相关的预测方法，提出了研究前沿的几种发展模式，并分析了影响研究前沿发展的内部因素与外部因素。
第五章是识别生物医学领域研究前沿与趋势预测的实证研究。采用文献计量与科学知识图谱等定量方法对神经性毒剂医学防护研究领域、合成生物学研究领域、军队健康管理相关领域进行了研究前沿的识别与趋势预测。
第六章是结论部分。对本论文的研究结果与结论进行了简要的概括，并对研究中存在不足和局限性进行了讨论。
The21st century is golden time for the development of biology and medicalscience. The appearance of new research domains such as genomics，proteomics，orsynthetic biology represented as pushes the economy and science to develop rapidly.Characterizing the fronts and trends of biology and medical research domain has apractical significance for medical intelligence research and science&technologypolicy making.
This research summarizes the related concepts about the category and researchfront by studying the structure of knowledge domain and comparing the methods inthe domain. The characterize pattern and develop model of research front is alsoreviewed and compared.. Optimized method system is used in substantial research.The current study is very significant to the intelligence tracing, technology innovationand decision making of the advance of the science and technology. The paper consistsof five chapters.
The1st chapter reviews basic theory of research front. The concepts andcharacteristics of research front, structure of research fields and significance ofcharacterize research front are introduced.
The2nd chapter explores the method of characterizing research front. Themethods are divided into two categories, qualitative and quantitative. Quantitativemethods are the major focus of this paper and can be categorized into four schools.Cite analyses include co-cited analyses and bibliographic coupling. Term analysesinclude co-word analyses and burst term frequency analyses. Scientific communityincludes co-author networks analyses and author co-cited analyses. Mappingknowledge domain is the newest method. The four schools are compared and tools ofmapping knowledge domain are mentioned. Data cleaning method is discussed in thelast part of this chapter.
The3rd chapter presents five strategies of recognizing research fronts accordingto the principles of sampling, practicability and simulating cognition process.
The4th chapter discusses the trends and prediction of research font. Predictingmethods are also reviewed from qualitative studying in this part. The current research puts forward several developing models Internal and external factors that influenceresearch front were discussed.
The5th chapter is substantial research. Mapping knowledge domain is used toanalyze the fonts and trends in the research fields of nerve agent medical protection,synthetic biology and military health promotion.
The5th chapter is the main conclusion of the study. This part briefly summarizesthe findings and conclusions of this research, and discusses the limitations in thestudy.
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